Chapter 10 Lesson 1

Ties to Great Britain

The Paxton Boys• A group of 57

frontiers who were angry because Indians were attacking their farms.

• They went to Philadelphia to meet with officials to see what can be done. People had reason to be afraid of this

group. They had already raided a village and killed Indians.

When the Paxton Boys left everyone felt safe again, but British colonists were still divided from each other.

In the 1750’s people did not refer to themselves as “Americans”

They called themselves “New Yorkers” or “Virginians”

They did not feel special ties with each other.

They spoke different languages.

Benjamin Franklin and family came from England. He wondered why settlers from

Germany should be allowed “to swarm into our settlements, and establish their language

and manners to the exclusion of ours.”

Colonists did feel strongly about troops and taxes.

When they feared attacks they wanted the

government to send troops.

Many people in cities did not agree. They felt that settlers should take care of their own problems.

Colonists also divided by religion. They came here for religious freedom, yet brought these conflicts with them. Andre Burnaby felt that with all these differences, there was bound to be a

civil war.

Although they were divided, all colonies supported Britain. WHY?

1. They had a powerful army and navy

The army protected colonists from the Indians.

The navy protected the colonial ships out at sea.

2. They made money off of British trade.

They bought large amounts of tobacco, fish, and grain.

3. Since about half of the loyalists came from England, most still had family there.

At this time Great Britain practiced salutory neglect- meaning the colonies were part of Britain but Britain paid

little attention to them.

Some also disagreed with the way Britain governed.

1. They didn’t agree with the Navigation Acts.

2. People in colonies elected an assembly but King’s chose a governor. Some colonists didn’t like that because some governors did not run their colony well.

Something would have to change soon!!!!!

Chapter 10 Lesson 2

The Seven Years’ War

French vs. Britain

Both countries battled for power around the world. Between 1689-1763, they battled in

Here, they fought for land and power.

They each hoped to bring more goods to their country.

It was also called the French and Indian War,

because the Indians joined the French to

fight the British.

The Life of SoldiersMany colonists joined the army when the war started, but many did not have military experience.

Food was bad by the time it got to them, so they often died of typhoid fever because of the bad food.

In fact, more died from diseases than actual fighting at the time.

The Role of Indian Tribes

Initially, the Iroquois stayed out of the war.

In 1757, William Pitt decided to send more troops to North America. He sent better food too.

When the Iroquois saw this, they joined the British to protect their trade relations.

From this point on the British began winning the major battles.

In 1759, with better supplies and more troops the British won the battle in Quebec. This was the key to winning power in

North America.

Treaty of Paris gave all of the French lands to Spain West of the Mississippi. British took over the lands East of the Mississippi.

The Proclamation of 1763This act saved land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Indians

Many colonists were upset by this and left them wondering why they had helped the British in the first place.

The Cost of VictoryThis war left the British in debt!

The government borrowed money.

They had to pay for more troops.

They still had to pay after the war to defend the land.

Many Indian tribes lost power.

Many men died, that families were widowed or orphaned.

The Effect of Attitudes

Colonists felt less tied to British.

Many colonist had become skilled soldiers in the war.

One of these colonists was George Washington.

He said the war taught him that colonists could fight just as well as British soldiers.

UH-OH what does that mean?

Chapter 10 Lesson 3

A New British Policy

Because the British were in debt from the Seven Years’ War, they decided to tax the

colonists.

In 1764, Parliament first tried to tax the colonists.

1733 Molasses Act turned to the Sugar Act

This increased the number of customs agents and penalties for smuggling.

Britain hoped to catch smugglers and make more people pay the tax.

8 colonial assemblies called Parliament to repeal, or do away with the Sugar Act.

They felt that Parliament had no right to tax the colonists because colonists had no representatives in Parliament. Parliament did not agree, so the law remained.

In March of 1765, Parliament tried again to raise money from the colonists- Stamp

Act

This was an extra charge on newspapers and other items written on paper that had to have a government stamp on them.

This is when colonial men and women formed the Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty.

These groups held public meetings to speak out against the tax.

In some places crowds did more than protest.

In Boston Andrew Oliver was chosen to

pass out stamps. Angry citizens then tore down

a building owned by him and destroyed his

home. He quit.

Soon Parliament had no choice but to reap the new Stamp Act which was only effect for a

little over four months.

The Townshend Duties In 1767, Parliament tried to tax a third time!!!

This tax was on paper, lead, painters’ colors, and tea.

They were named after Charles Townshend- He was a British official in charge of handling money for the government.

Colonists decided to boycott, and not buy anything from Britain. The boycott would cause Britain to lose money.

The Boston MassacreIn 1768, during the argument over the Townshend duties, Parliament got worried. They feared it was getting out of control, so they sent more soldiers.

On March 5, 1770, between 50 and 100 Bostonians moved toward the soldiers guarding the customs house.

The soliders fired and killed a black man named Crispus Attucks and four other colonists.

They called this a Massacre to win support for their cause.

After this, colonists started working more closely together.

The Tea ActParliament was still not getting any money from the colonists, and they faced another problem. The British East India Company was going broke. The company sold tea and other goods from Asia.

To help them, Parliament let it sell tea directly to colonial merchants to sell to colonists.

The colonists knew they were still being taxed without approval.

In November 1733, three ships carrying this tea reached the harbor.

For three weeks, colonists stopped people from taking the tea off of the ships.

Then in December of 1773, colonists disguised as Indians boarded the ships and threw the tea from them.

Colonists begin to unite!Britain was outraged by the Boston Tea Party, so they passed the Intolerable Acts.

These acts

• Ended town meetings• Took away some of the

power of the Massachusetts assembly

• Closed Boston Harbor to all shipping except some fuel and food.

• Stopped the import and export of goods until it paid for the tea.

Colonies just started to help Boston.

On September 5, 1774, delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia to talk about the British actions. This group is now known as the First Continental Congress. They voted to stop all trade with Britain.

Most colonists were hoping to end peacefully. They wanted the British to go back to salutary neglect. This

is when the colonists started to refer to themselves as Americans!

More and more colonists thought Britain was a danger to their liberties.

Now what?!

Chapter end!