chapter 10 lesson 1 disease and your body...

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Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body

Objectives

• Describe the difference between infectious and

noninfectious diseases.

• Describe how the human body fights diseases.

Chapter 10




Disease

• What Is Disease? A disease is any harmful

change in the health of your body or mind.

• What Is a Pathogen? A pathogen is anything,

especially a virus or microorganism, that causes

disease. Many diseases are caused by pathogens.

• Microorganisms can include bacteria, fungi, and

protozoa.

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Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

• What Is an Infectious Disease? An infectious

disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens

that invade the body.

• Communicable diseases can be passed from one

person to another

• What Is a Noninfectious Disease? A

noninfectious disease is a disease that is not

caused by a pathogen.

• Chronic diseases last a long time

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Lesson 1 Disease and Your BodyChapter 10




Defenses Against Disease

• Your body’s first lines of defense against infectious

diseases include the following:

1. Skin: protective wall to keep organisms out

2. Mucous membranes: traps pathogens

3. Sweat, saliva, and tears: contain chemicals that

kill bacteria

4. Stomach acid: contains chemical that kill

bacteria

5. Helpful microorganisms: take up space and food

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The Immune System

• What Makes Up Your Immune System? The

tissues, organs, and cells that fight pathogens

make up your immune system. Your immune

system consists of white blood cells and several

organs, such as the spleen.

• White Blood Cells White Blood Cells seek out and

destroy pathogens.

• Spleen: contains the WBC and releases them to

fight pathogens

• Taking care of your immune system: eat healthy,

rest, exercise and reduce stress

Chapter 10



Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases

Objectives

• Identify four causes of infectious diseases.

• Explain how the spread of common infectious

diseases can be prevented.

Chapter 10




Viruses

• A virus is a tiny, disease-causing particle that

invades a healthy cell and instructs that cell to

make more viruses.

• Viruses are NOT living things.

• A virus that is spread by direct contact is Herpes. It

can be spread by shaking hands or kissing.

• A virus that is spread by indirect contact is the flu. It

can be spread by germs in the air or objects that

have been used by someone who is sick.

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Lesson 2 Infectious DiseasesChapter 10

• Some viral diseases can be

prevented with a vaccine.

• Vaccines stimulate your

immune system to produce

antibodies that fight off

invading pathogens.




Bacteria

• Bacteria are living things that can live on their own.

• Bacteria can spread through indirect of direct

contact as well as through: air, water and soil.

• You can control the spread of bacteria by: washing

your hands, not sharing drinks or utensils, and

getting treatment before it spreads

• Most bacterial disease can be treated with

antibiotics that are used to stop the growth or kill

bacteria.

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Protozoa and Parasites

• Protozoa are small, single-celled organisms that

have a nucleus.

• Some protozoa are parasites. Diseases caused by

parasites can include:

1. malaria

2. diarrhea

3. tapeworm infections

• The parasite GIARDIA can be found in water and

can cause stomach upset, stomach cramps and

diarrhea.

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Fungi

• Fungi are complex organisms that cannot make

their own food.

• The most common fungal diseases are yeast

infections and athlete’s foot.

• Some fungal diseases are caused by person to

person contact, others are spread by fungal spores

in the air, water or soil.

• Most fungal diseases can be treated by medicines

applied to the skin.

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Protecting Yourself

• Do the following things to protect yourself against

infection:

1. Stay away from people who are sick.

2. Practice good hygiene. (WASH YOUR HANDS)

3. Maintain a healthy diet.

4. Get plenty of rest and exercise.

5. Get vaccinated.

Chapter 10Lesson 3 Controlling Infectious Diseases



Protecting Yourself

• The following diseases are commonly prevented by

vaccines:

1. hepatitis B

2. diphtheria

3. poliomyelitis

4. measles, mumps, and rubella

5. flu




Protecting Others

• The same steps you take to protect yourself from

pathogens will also help protect other people. You

can also:

1. Avoid contact with people when you are sick.

2. Get a flu vaccine every year.

3. Report any sightings of infected animals.




Say No to Germs

Create an ad campaign poster that illustrates a tip on

how to stop the spread of germs. Your ad campaign

should be eye-catching and creative.


Table 1

Washing

Your

Hands

Table 2

Getting

Vaccinated

Table 3Stay away from

sick people.

Stay home

when you are

sick.



Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases

Objectives

• Explain the difference between genetic disease

and congenital disease.

• Identify three common noninfectious diseases.

Chapter 10




Causes of Noninfectious Diseases

• Genetic Diseases A genetic disease is a disease

or disorder that is caused entirely or partly by

genetic information passed on to a child from one

or both parents.

• Congenital Diseases A congenital disease is a

disease or disorder that is present at birth but is not

a genetic disease.

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Causes of Noninfectious Diseases

• Other Noninfectious Diseases Some

noninfectious diseases are related to lifestyle

choices or environmental factors.

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Common Noninfectious Diseases

• Some common noninfectious diseases include the

following:

1. Heart disease

2. Diabetes

3. Cancer

4. Allergies

5. Asthma

6. Alzheimer’s disease

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Lesson 5 Noninfectious DiseasesChapter 10




Living with Noninfectious Diseases

• Requiring Special Care A person living with a

noninfectious disease may have to eat a special

diet, take medicine, avoid certain activities, or have

special medical care.

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Lesson 5 Noninfectious DiseasesChapter 10

chapter 10 lesson 1 disease and your body...

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