PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887)

-Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology—Rizal chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment

Rizal went to Barcelona and visited MaximoViola. They agreed to have a grand tour of Europe, once he finished his medical studies in France and In Germany.

Maximo Viola – a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. Rizal’s friend.

After studying at the Central University of Madrid, Rizal, who was then 24 yrs old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.

Señor Eusebio Corominas – editor of La Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a statesman

Don Miguel Morayta – owner of La Publicidad and a statesman

Rizal gave Editor Corominas (an article on the Carolines Question), then a controversial issue, for publication

November 1885 – Rizal was living in Paris, where he stayed for about 4 months

He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist. ophthalmologist wherein Rizal worked as an assistant from November 1885 to February 1886

Paz Pardo de Tavera- was a pretty girl, who was engaged to Juan Luna

Juan Luna – great master of the brush; Rizal helped him by posing as model in Luna’s paintings.

1. “The Death of Cleopatra” – where Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest

2. “The Blood Compact” – Rizal posed as Sikatuna

Dr. Louis de Wecker

He found Rizal such a

competent student and

admired him so much,

that he took him as his

clinical assistant.

Clinic of Dr. Louis de Wecker

José now went to Paris to study ophthalmology.

http://joserizal.info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter04.htm

Paris Boulevards Place de la Concorde,

A commemorative plaque Rizal received from Paris.

This one was taken in Paris with JuanLuna (left) and Jose Rizal (right)when they were playing their favoritepast time game “labanang espada”.

One-fourth of this novel was completed in Paris before Rizal leaved.

Rizal in Paris

In Paris home of Juan Luna withRizal and Valentin while practicing fencing

"Parisian Life" is a painting that brought Juan Luna the Silver Medal at

the St. Louis Exposition (World's Fair). Rizal is one of the men in thebackground.

45 Rue MaubeugeParis, November 18

"Dear friend,"I sent you those proofs a long while ago. Since you have not received them, they must be lost. Send me others at once; I have the manuscript."We have many enemies, and they are furious; we face the fight and must not be divided.

Your friend,Laong Laan [Rizal]“

The above hasty letter was written by Rizal to his trusted friend Mariano Ponce which gives a perfect picture of José Rizal in Paris.(the picture before this slide)

Rizal doing his little job as an opthalmologist in Paris.

Rizal in Paris

Parisian studio of Juan Luna

For a time, Rizal stayed w/ Juan Luna in a latter studio in Paris.

1st Canvass. Rizal (seated) shared a deepfriendship with painter Juan Luna and oftenagreed to pose for Luna's paintings as in

'The Death of Cleopatra’ as a priest.

Rizal became Luna’s model in two of his historical canvasses.

2nd Canvass. The Blood Compact (El Pacto de Sangre) where Rizal posed as Sikatuna.

Rizal had no natural aptitude for music, and this he admitted. He studied music only because many of his schoolmates at Ateneo were taking music lessons.

He told Enrique Lete that he “learned the solfeggio, piano, and voice culture in one month and a half”.

By sheer determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play the flute fairly well. He was a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris

Some of his compositions are: Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race) – a pariotic song which asserts

that any race aspires for freedom La Deportacion (Deportation) – a sad danza, which Rizal

composed in Dapitan during his exile

February 1, 1886- after specializing in ophthalmology, Rizal left Paris for Germany.

he arrived at Heidelberg, the university town of Germany. February 3, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic

city in Germany famous for its old university and romantics surroundings.

Chess Player’s Club- a club wherein the students made Rizal as a member because of being a good chess player

He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker, distinguished German ophthalmologist.

It was at the university town where rizal perfected the techniques of diagnosing eye ailment, which he learned under Dr. Louis de Wecker.

Rizal decided to transfer to a boarding house near the University of Heidelberg.

Rizal wrote letters to his sisters (Maria and Trinidad) describing Germany as country of order and obedience. rizal also described the German students as affectionate, respectful, modest and not boastful and women as tall stout and blonde.

from the foregoing letters sent by Rizal to Trinidad, he stressed so much the good qualities of german women: serious; studious; simple; industrious; not afraid of men; concerned about education. shows the rizal's concern about her sister's training to be able to adapt the virtues of German women.

View of the town center and the castle.

Universitätsplatz 12 (former Ludwigsplatz 12), where Dr. Rizal had composed his famous poem "To the Flowers of Heidelberg". A bronze memorial plaque in front of the building bears witness to his memorable stay in this place.

Bergheimer Straße 20 -Former University of Heidelberg Eye Clinic where Dr. Rizal had practiced ophthalmology under the direction of Prof. Dr. Otto Becker.

"Gasthaus zur Hirschgasse" (Guesthouse on the Hirschgasse), where Rizal used to watch student duelling matches. Built in 1791, it has been renovated and it is now called "HotelHirschgasse".

Interior view of the "Gasthaus zur Hirschgasse" as seen during Rizal's time.

April 22, 1886 – Rizal wrote a fine poem during the Spring entitled “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) because he was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the Neckar River, which is the light blue flower called “forget-me-not”.

he remained in Heidelberg for three months (long enough to complete his course)

On August 8, 1886, he wrote in his diary this pathetic memorandum:

"Within two days I shall leave this happy place and start out anew in quest of the unknown in distant places. Always I travel about and wander alone, breaking the friendships which I have just formed, separating from so many people whom I suppose I shall not see again, to go from city of city, from country to country, without love nor fortune, placing confidence in fate. . . Ah, now I long for my distant country, now I recall my home, and now I am thinking of rest. I have wandered through so many countries, have seen so many customs, have met so many persons, that I have almost preserved neither ideas nor ideals; I have seen nothing more than the appearance of good and evil. I have loved, I have choked the paintings of my heart, and I have conquered. If this life continues my heart will begin to die."

After composing the poem, rizal took a 3 months vacation at Wilhemsfeld.

Wilhelmsfeld- a mountainous village near Heidelberg

He left Heidelberg for Wilhemsfeld to honor invitation extended to him by Reverend Karl Ullmer whom Rizal meet one day in the woods with his family

Rizal was invited to visit the vicarage. Later, on Rizal’s choice, he boarded with the Ullmer family until he left Wilhelmsfeld by last week of June.

Dr. Karl Ullmer- a kind Protestant pastor who became his good friend and admirer. Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation at

Wilhelmsfeld where he stayed at the place of Dr. Karl Ullmer. The pastor has a wife and two children named Etta and Fritz.

The Ullmer family help Rizal improve his German.

House of Pastor Ullmer

Pastor Ullmer

Letter of Rizal to Karl ullmer and to his family (drawing)

Rizal’s first letter in German July 31, 1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter to Professor

Ferdinand Blumentritt who is the Director of the Ateneoof Leitmeritz, Austria.

Blumentritt is an Austrian ethnologist and he has an interest in the Philippine language.

Rizal sent Aritmetica (Arithmetic) book to Blumentrittwhich was published in 2 languages – Spanish and Tagalog – by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 1868. The author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez.

Blumentritt became the best friend of Rizal.

· August 6, 1886- the famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration (500th) where Rizal had witnessed the said celebration.

August 1886: Rizal left Heidelberg, boarded by a train and arrived in Leipzig.

He attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig on history and psychology.

Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German historian, Rizal befriend with him

Rizal found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was the cheapest in Europe so he stayed for 2 months and a half.

In Leipzig, Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Tagalog so that Filipino might know the story of that champion of Swiss independence

Rizal also translated into Tagalog for his nephews and niece Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales.

Because of his knowledge of German, Spanish, and other European languages, Rizal worked as proofreader in a publisher’s firm

The Neue Rathaus (New Town Hall) of Leipzig.

The Old Town Hall of Leipzig was built betweem 1556 to 1558. It is now theTown Museum of Leipzig.

View of the old University, which Rizal had visited upon his arrival at Leipzig, and the Pauliner Church. Both buildings were demolished to give way to a modern high-rise University complex.

The Mende Fountain. Dr. Rizal witnessed the inauguration of this attractive fountain on2 September 1886.

Napoleon's Stone.Dr. Rizal had visited this marker in the vicinity of Leipzig where Napoleon had watched the famous battle of 16-18 October 1813, which resulted in the decisive defeat of the armies of Napoleon.

On October 29, he went to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B.Meyer, the Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.

Rizal heard Mass in a Catholic church; evidently, this Mass impressed him very much, for he wrote on his diary: “Truly I have never in my life heard a Mass whose music had greater sublimity and intonation.”

Rizal left for Berlin after his three day visit to Dresden

Steps leading to the famous Brühl Terrace of Dresden which is sometimes referred to as the "Balcony of Europe".

The Brühl Terrace overlooking the broadElbe River.

The Catholic Church. The church has been heavily damaged in World War II, but it has been rebuilt to its former glory. Dr. Rizal heard mass in this church during his first visit to Dresden.

The Royal Palace. The palace was almost totally destroyed in World War II, but it is now under reconstruction for use as a museum.

The Johanneum with its beautiful facade. It was originally built as a stable between 1586 and 1591. During the 19th century, it was redesigned and served as an Art Gallery. At present, it is used as a Transport Museum with a huge display of various means of transportation.

The Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady). This impressive church was totally destroyed during the Second World War. It is now being rebuilt and it is expected to be finished by the year 2005.

The Zwinger is the most significant baroque building in Germany. It was constructed between 1709 and 1728 during the rule of August the Strong. The whole complex consists of the Semper Gallery, Crown Gate with the Polish royal crown on top. Wall Pavillion, Chimes Pavillion, Museum of Natural Sciences, Historical Museum, etc.

Partial view of the vast courtyard of the Zwinger.

The Painting Gallery. Dr. Rizal had visited the Painting Gallery during his sojourn in Dresden in 1886.

Five reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin:

To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology

To further his studies of science and languages

To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation

To associate with famous German scientists and scholars

To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Scweigger, and at night, he attended lectures in the University of Berlin.

He also took private lessons in French under Madame Lucie Cerdole.

· Madame Lucie Cerdole-Rizal’s professor of French in order to master the idiomatic intricacies of the French language

Unter den Linden- the most popular boulevard of Berlin wherein Rizal enjoyed promenading, sipping beer in the city’s inns and talking with the friendly Berliners

Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice.

Some scientists Rizal met are:

Dr. Feodor Jagor – German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines

Dr. Rudolf Virchow – famous German anthropologist. Referred to as "the father of modern pathology," he is considered one of the founders of social medicine.

Dr. W. Joest – German geographer

Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – famous German Ophthalmologist where Rizal worked

Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnological Society, and the Geographical Society of Berlin, upon the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer

Following custom, he delivered an address in German in April 1887 before the anthropological society on the orthography and structure of the Tagalog language.

“In Rizal we are not only losing a loyal friend of Germany, and of German scholarship, but also the one man with sufficient knowledge and resolution to open a way for modern thought to that far-off island world.”

Prof. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) in his obituary address for Dr. Jose Rizal at the Annual General Meeting of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory in 1897.

Rizal wrote this scholarly paper in German which he read before the society in April 1887

this paper was published by the society in the same year, and elicited favorable comments from all scientific quarters.

Rizal sent a letter to his sister, Trinidad, dated on March 11, 1886.

In his letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German womanhood.

Rizal said that German woman is serious,diligent, educated and friendly.

Some of the German customs Rizal admired:

On Yuletide season, people will select a pine tree from the bushes and adorned it with lanterns, papers, lights, dolls, candies, fruits, etc.

Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering.

The winter of 1886 in Berlin was his darkest winter. He lived in poverty because no money arrived from

Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was

in the pawnshop. He could not pay his landlord and he was eating only one

meal a day. His clothes were old and threadbare. His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment. it brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings,

because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887

This is one of the most memorable days in the life of Rizal.

When later he told his old friend Fernando Canon about the dark period, he said:

"I did not believe that Noli Me Tangere would ever be published. I was in Berlin, heartbroken, weakened, and discouraged from hunger and deprivation. I was on the point of throwing my work into the fire as a thing accursed and fit only to die; . . . ." (13)

"Man's extremity," says an ancient proverb, "is God's opportunity." Evidently God did not want this book to die. A telegram came from Dr. Maximo Viola, a rich young Filipino whom Rizal had known in Madrid, saying he was on his way to visit Berlin.

"It revived me," said Rizal. "It gave me new hope. I went to the station to receive him and spoke to him about my work. He said he might be able to help me. I reflected and then decided to shorten the book, and eliminated whole chapters. . . . but these will have a place in the continuation. . . . I plan to publish seven volumes about Philippine conditions."

Thanks to the providential help of Maximo Viola, Noli Me Tangere appeared a few weeks later. One of the first copies was sent to Dr. Blumentritt. In the accompanying letter, Rizal said:

"I have not wept over our misfortunes, but rather laughed at them. No one would want to read a book full of tears. . . . The incidents which I have related are all true and have actually occurred. I can prove this statement. . . .“

- Jose Rizal

- Bound copies were boxed and sent to some friends in Barcelona and Madrid. These friends employed a clever

ruse for getting them into the Philippines disguised as merchandise.

Berlin15The renovated house at Jägerstraße 71, where Dr. Rizal resided in Berlin. A bronze memorial plaque has been placed in front of the building in honor of Dr. Rizal.

Central Hotel. Dr. Rizal booked at this hotel upon his arrival in Berlin. He occupied room No. 294. The hotel was totally destroyed in World War II and has never been rebuilt.

Interior view of Cafe Bauer, where Rizal used to sit and read newspapers.

University of Berlin

Blumentritt Home

Historical Marker

Dr. Feodor Jagor

Dr. Hans Virchow Dr. Karl Ernst Schweigger

Dr. Wilhelm Joest

The original cover of “Noli Me Tangere” designed by Jose Rizal

was finished in Berlin on February 22, 1887.

Reporters Researchers - Pictures

1. ANGELES, James 1. FELIX, Carmina

2. ORTIZ, Farah 2. LAROZA, Roanne

3. SIATELA, Rosanne 3. FAMILARA, John

Researchers – Data 4. CORTEZ, Danielle

1. INABAYASHI, Akemi 5. RENDON, Marc

2. MARALLAG, Anselmo

3. CORTES, Robby Powerpoint Makers

4. GUINTU, Justin 1. CONCEL, Mark

5. MEDRANO, Henedina 2. CARI, Jet