Chapter 1 The Scope of Biology

Applied Biology

Mrs. Musselman

How do you know that a sunflower is a living thing??? Make a list!

Hint:– What makes you living?

• Need Energy? How does a plant get it???• There are many more!!!

What makes something “Living”?What makes something “Living”?

What makes something “Living”?What makes something “Living”?

There are 6 characteristics of a living things! (“All or None” system)

All living things are:

1. Made of cells– “building blocks of life”

2. Use energy– Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to make their

own food (producers)– Animals get energy by eating plants or other animals

(consumers)

Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)3. Have features to help them adapt to their surroundings

– Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability to store water

4. React to changes in their surroundings– Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds, etc.)

5. Change / develop during their lifetimes– Changes in appearance or size (growth)

6. Reproduce– Produce more organisms of their own kind

Biology: Global to Microscopic Scale

Organizational Levels of Life:

Biosphere/Earth (biggest!)

Ecosystem

Organism

Cells

DNA & Genes

• AKA Earth

• Includes all parts of the planet – Bodies of water– Land – Atmosphere (several kilometers high)

Biosphere

Area that includes all the living things and non-living features in an environment

•Example–Woodland Ecosystem (includes trees,

plants, squirrels, sunlight, water, air)

•Variety all over the earth!!

Ecosystem

Individual living things– Large – elephant, squirrel, ant– Microscopic – can’t be seen with human eye.

Ex. Bacteria

FYI: Interactions between all organisms of a community make ecosystems a dynamic (constantly changing) place.

Organism

Warm-UpHow could you prove to someone

that a frog is alive? Hint: There are 6 Things!!!!!

• Life’s smallest unit of structure• Microscopic• Control center = nucleus

Cell Theory

1. Life’s basic units of structure and function

2. Cells come from pre-existing cells

3. All organisms are made of one or more cells

Cells

Contain inheritable information

•Responsible for passing off traits to offspring (ex. Eye color)

•Found in the nucleus of the cell

•Genes are the building blocks of DNA

DNA & Genes

Biology Explores Life’s Diversity

Species Diversity

Classification

3 Domains of Life– Eukarya– Archaea– Bacteria

SPECIES - A Distinct form of life that can reproduce with each other

FYI: New species found daily ( ~1.5 million total)

Species diversity – variety of species in a given area

Example: The Tropical Rain Forest has MANY different species (thousands insects, plants, animals)…thus it has high species diversity

Take a guess!

How many MARINE (ocean) species of fish are there on the Earth?

And the Answer is…

According to: ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2003) there was about 20,000 species of marine fish.

Just for Fun: Check out all these newly found species of starfish!

Totally Cool Starfish!

CLASSIFICATION

A system of putting organisms in categories based on similar characteristics.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

• Duck

• Crab

• Shark

• Whale

• Butterfly

• Lion

• Alligator

• Spider

• Grizzly bear

• Squirrel

WALK

FLY

SWIM

1. How could I classify these animals?

3 DOMAINS OF LIFE

Domain – broadest category in classifying life forms

1.Eukarya

2.Bacteria

3.Archaea

The Breakdown!!

LIFE

EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA

PLANTS ANIMALS PROTISTS FUNGI

3 Domains

Warm-Up

1. Put the levels of biological organization in order from largest to smallest:

Cells

DNA & Genes

Biosphere

Organism

Ecosystem

2. What are the 3 Domains (groups) that ALL living things can be classified into?

The Breakdown!!

LIFE

EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA

PLANTS ANIMALS PROTISTS FUNGI

3 Domains

Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic Organisms

Eukaryotic Organisms• Complex organisms• In Domain Eukarya• Multicellular (many-celled)• Cells contain a Nucleus!

Prokaryotic Organisms • Simple organisms• In Domains Bacteria & Archaea• Unicellular (1-celled)• NO Nucleus in cell!

Domain Eukarya– Multicellular & complex– Eukaryotic organisms– Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Domain Bacteria– Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms– Example: Streptococcus (bacteria that causes strep)

Archaea– “Extreme” bacteria– Live in (hot, salty, CRAZY) places