chapter 1 physical geography. 1:1 land and water objectives: learn about the size, location, and...
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1:1 Land and Water
Objectives: Learn about the size, location, and
population of Europe and Russia. Examine the major landforms of Europe
and Russia. Find out about the waterways of Europe
and Russia.
1:1 Vocabulary
Population density The average number of people living in a
square mile or kilometer Peninsula
A land area nearly surrounded by water Plateau
A large raised area of mostly level land bordered on one side by steep cliffs/slopes
1:1 Vocabulary
Tributary A river or stream that flows into a larger
river Navigable
Wide and deep enough for ships to travel through
Size, Location, and Population Europe and Russia are parts of
Eurasia, the world’s largest land mass.
This landmass covers 2 continents: Europe and Asia
Russia is on BOTH continents The Ural mountains divide Europe from Asia.
Size, Location, and Population Location: much of Europe and all of
Russia are farther north than the US. Population: Europe is the 2nd smallest
continent, BUT it has a large number of countries…47! Many countries are the size of US states. The exception is Russia.
Russia is the largest (size) country in the world. It is twice the size of the US.
Population: smaller European countries have a higher population density. Russia has a very small population density (22 people/sq. mile).
Major Landforms
Look at the map on page 12. What do you notice about natural barriers in Europe? There are no natural barriers. People in
Europe can travel easily to other European countries.
Four major land regions Northwestern Highlands
Steep slopes; thin soil; forests; raise goats and sheep
North European Plain Productive farmland; largest cities in
Europe Central Uplands
Mountains and plateaus; mining; tourism Alpine Mountain System
Home to the Alps, the highest mountain range; some small family farming
Plains, Uplands, and Mountains of Russia Moscow and over large Russian cities
are located in the North European Plains.
Ural Mountains divide Russia (Europe and Asia). The land east of the Urals is the uplands. Uplands make up 75% of the land, but only
20% of population live there. Continue east and you will find the West
Siberian Plains – the largest plain in the world. This low, marshy land covers more than 1 million square miles!
Waterways
The Rhine River begins in the Alps and runs for 865 miles. Canals and tributaries connect the Rhine to Western Europe.
The Danube River is Europe’s 2nd longest river (1,770 miles) through 9 European countries.
The longest river, the Volga, stretches 2,291 miles through Russia.
Lakes: There are few lakes in Europe. Russia has lots of lakes; the largest freshwater lake is found in Russia. It contains 1/5 of the world’s fresh water supply.
1:1 Review
Which country is located in both Europe and Asia? Russia
How does the land size of Europe differ from that of Russia? Europe is small in size, but has more
countries What are the 4 major land regions
in Europe? Northwestern Highlands North European Plain Central Uplands Alpine Mountain System
1:2 Climate and Vegetation Objectives:
Find out about the wide range of climates in Europe and Russia.
Learn about the major climate regions of Europe and Russia.
Examine the natural vegetation regions of Europe and Russia.
1:2 Vocabulary
Rain shadow The area on the dry, sheltered side of a
mountain, which receives little rainfall Steppes
The grasslands of fertile soil suitable for farming in Russia
Tundra A cold, dry, treeless region covered with
snow for most of the year Permafrost
A permanently frozen layer of ground below the top layer of soil
A Wide Region of Climates The wide range of climates can be
attributed to the oceans. Places near the oceans have a milder
climate year around. The North Atlantic Current carries
warm water from the tropics to northwestern Europe.
Oceans and Climate
The oceans also affect how much moisture is dropped in the form of precipitation.
Winds blowing over the ocean pick up moisture and drop it as rain over land. Winds blowing from the west drop a large amount of rainfall. Western Europe is fairly wet.
Mountains and Rainfall
Mountains also affect the climate. In Europe, areas west of the
mountains receive heavy rainfall. Thus, Western Europe is very wet.
Why? As winds rise up the mountains, they
cool and drop their moisture. By the time the air reaches the other side, it is dry. The eastern side of a mountain is typically drier.
Major Climate Regions
Turn to page 9 of your text book… How many different climate regions does
Europe and Russia have? 8
Which climate region is named after a major body of water? Mediterranean
How do you think this climate differs from that of Northern Europe and Russia? It is probably warmer because it is near the
equator.
Natural Vegetation
Vegetation regions in Europe and Russia vary from ice cap to desert. Look at the map on page 21…
What is the major kind of vegetation dominates most of Europe? Deciduous forest
Vegetation Regions
Grasslands: Major vegetation region in Europe and
Russia Most of the grasslands today are used
for farming In Russia the grasslands are called
steppes. These steppes are similar to the Great
Plains in the US.
Vegetation Regions
Mediterranean: A mix of trees, scrub, and smaller plants
(usually less than 8 feet tall).
Tundra: Winters last 9 months Vegetation made up of grasses, mosses,
and other plants that bloom only in the warmer months.
1:2 Review
How do oceans affect the climate? Areas near the ocean are mild in climate
How does the North Atlantic Current affect northern Europe? It carries warm water from the Gulf of
Mexico to northwestern Europe and warms the winds that blow from the west.
1:2 Review What are the natural vegetation
regions of Europe and Russia? Forest, grassland, tundra, and
Mediterranean How are vegetation regions and
climate regions related? Climate affects the types of vegetation
that can grow in an area. What geographic features might
make a person decide to like in Europe rather than in Russia? Warmer, milder climate
1:3 Resources and Land Use Objectives:
Learn about the natural resources of Western Europe.
Find out about the natural resources of Eastern Europe.
Examine Russia’s natural resources.
1:3 Vocabulary
Loess A type of rich, dustlike soil
Hydroelectric power The power generated by water-driven
turbines Fossil fuel
A source of energy that forms from the remains of ancient plants and animals
Resources of Western Europe Western Europe is a wealthy region
This is partly due to the fact that Western Europe has many resources.
Those resources include: rich soil, water, and fuel
Resources of Western Europe Fertile soil
Loess, moderate temperatures, and rainfall make great farmlands.
Abundant water Not only for drinking and crops. Water is
used to produce energy in many European countries.
Fuel Include fossil fuels like natural gas, coal,
and oil
Resources of Eastern Europe Many of the same resource found in
Western Europe can also be found in Eastern Europe.
Fossil fuels Rich soil Hydroelectric power
Russia’s Resources
Russia has a larger amount of natural resources compared to the US.
Russia’s harsh climate, huge size, and un-navigable rivers are some of the reasons it has not been able to utilize its resources to make the country rich.
Russia is also not well suited for farming.
Russia’s Resources
Fossil Fuels Russia has the largest reserves of
natural gas In the top 5 of world’s leading oil
producers Estimated that Russia has 1/3 of the
world’s coal reserves
Russia also has a large reserve of iron ore used to produce steel.
Russia’s Resources
Forest, Fishing, and Energy Resources Largest reserve of forests
Wood used to make paper, furniture, pulp, etc
Fishing is also a huge resource Russia uses many of its fossil fuels to
produce energy. One of the world's largest producers of
electricity
Russia’s Resources
Russia’s Challenges Most of the oil, natural gas, and coal are
located in Siberia Siberia is known for its brutal climate and
isolation Russia is so big that it is hard to
transport goods The rivers in Russia are either not
navigable or flow in the wrong direction. Pollution and protecting the environment
1:3 Review
Name Western Europe’s major natural resources. Fertile soil Water Fuel
How is water used as a natural resources in Western Europe? Drinking, watering crops, power
1:3 Review
How do Western Europe and Russia differ in their use of natural resources? Western Europe has developed its resources to
become an important industrial region, while Russia has not been able to fully develop its resources
Why is Russia not as wealthy as Western Europe? Russia has not been able to use its resources to
earn money due to its size, the location of the resources, and the climate