CHAPTER 1: MATTER

1.1 MATTER HAS MASS AND VOLUME

METRIC SYSTEM BASE UNITSProperty Name SymbolLength Meter m

Volume Liter L

Mass Gram, kilogram

g, kg

Temperature Kelvin K

WHAT IS MATTER???•Matter is anything has mass and takes up space.•Matter is made of atoms.Example: human, desk, pencil, book, air, waterNonexample: sound, light

WHAT IS MASS???

•Mass is the amount of matter in an object; how much “stuff” is the object made of

WHAT IS MASS???

•Mass is the amount of matter in an object; how much “stuff” is the object made of

Example: Which has more mass a metal teaspoon or a plastic teaspoon? METAL TEASPOON

HOW DO WE MEASURE MASS???• Mass is measured in a unit called kilograms (kg). Smaller

amounts of mass are measured in grams (g).

• Use a triple beam balance to measure the amount of matter an object has.

HOW TO READ A TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE

HOW TO READ A TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE• Make sure all sliders start at zero.• Place object in pan.• Starting with the largest slider (back), slide each until

the beam is balanced.• Add up the totals of the sliders to get the mass.

**Remember to watch how you line up your numbers before you add!!!

EXAMPLE 1What is the measurement?

200 + 70 + 2.1 = 272.1 grams

EXAMPLE 2What is the measurement?

100 + 30 + 5.7 = 135.7 grams

EXAMPLE 3

What is the measurement?

0 + 60 + 2.4 = 62.4 grams

WHAT IS WEIGHT?

•Weight is the downward pull on an objects mass due to gravity•Measured in Newtons (N)• Use a spring scale to measure the

weight

WHAT IS WEIGHT?

MASS AND WEIGHT ARE NOT THE SAME!!!

•Weight = mass X gravity•Mass cannot change! (how much matter inside object)•Weight can change! (pull of gravity on mass of object)

What is the weight of a 15 kg box?

•Weight = mass X gravity• gravity on Earth = 9.8

Weight = (15 kg) x (9.8)Weight = 147N

15 kg

What is the weight of a 15 kg on the Moon?

• Weight = mass X gravity• gravity on Moon = 1.6

Weight = (15 kg) x (1.6)Weight = 24N

15 kg

WHAT IS VOLUME???

• Volume is the amount of space an object takes up• All objects take up space, so all objects have

volume• The way to measure the volume depends on the

shape of that object

HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???• For a liquid, use a graduated cylinder.• The units will be milliliter (mL)

HOW TO READ A GRADUATED CYLINDER• Graduated cylinder must be on flat surface• Keep eyes at the level of the liquid• Read the meniscus – curve at the bottom of the measured

line of the liquid

EXAMPLE 1What is this measurement?

53 mL

EXAMPLE 2 What is this measurement?

36 mL

HOW TO READ A GRADUATED CYLINDER

HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???

• For a “true” solid, use the equation:Volume = length x width x height

• Units will me cubic centimeter (cm3)

EXAMPLE 1

What is this measurement?

V = l x w x h

V = 5cm x 8cm x 2cm

V = 80 cm3

EXAMPLE 2

What is this measurement?

V = l x w x h

V = 6cm x 4cm x 7cm

V = 168 cm3

EXAMPLE 3

What is this measurement?

V = l x w x h

V = 12cm x 4cm x 3cm

V = 144 cm3

HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???

• For an “irregular” solid, use displacement• Displacement – the difference in the measure

of a graduated cylinder; how far the liquid rises• Units will me milliliter (mL)

EXAMPLE 1What is this measurement?

New measurement – original

60.5 mL – 50.0 mL = 10.5mL

EXAMPLE 2What is this measurement?

22.80 mL – 16.45 mL = 6.3 mL

EXAMPLE 2

What is this measurement?

100 mL

– 80 mL

20 mL

1.2 MATTER IS MADE OF ATOMS

WHAT IS AN ATOM?

• Atoms are the smallest, basic unit on matter.• They are the building blocks that create matter.• Atoms are so small they cannot be seen with a

microscope

WHAT IS A MOLECULE?

• When 2 or more atoms bond together they form a molecule.• Molecules can be made of two of the same kind of

atoms or two different kinds of atoms

WHAT IS A MOLECULE?

Example: water molecule (2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom)

WHAT IS A MOLECULE?

Example: oxygen molecule (2 oxygen atoms )

WHAT IS A MOLECULE?

• A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance• If you break a molecule down you end up with an atom.• Molecules can be made of different numbers of atoms• Molecules made of the same type of atom but a different

number create a different substance.

ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENT• Atoms and molecules are always in motion.• In liquid objects the motion is easy to observe• In solid objects the motion is not noticeableExample: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules.

ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENTExample: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules.