Chapter 1 Introduction to Plant Biology
Botany Chapter 1 Introduction to Plant Biology Objective #1 Explain the ecological role of plants withregard to the atmosphere, energy flow, and thestructural components of life. Objective #2 List and describe several ways in which plantshave contributed to the evolution of humancivilization Objective #3 Explain several ways modern human society depends upon plants.Include examples of how biotechnology can be used to enhance the benefit of plants to humanity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfeTtsaZ0pQ Objective #4 Describe the distinguishing features of thekingdom Plantae Objective #5 Categorize the major plant taxa, giving examples.
Distinguishbryophytes fromthe vascularplants Distinguishbetween seedplants andseedless vascularplants Distinguishbetweenflowering andnonfloweringvascular plants And now, some video. _XJW0I Algae Plantlike (autotrophic) protists Unicellular or Colonial
Aquatic (live in water) The Chlorophytes (green algae) appear to be ancestral to the plants Terrestrial (Land) Plants
The move from aquatic habitat to landcreates a number of problems: Protection against drying Transport of sperm to egg Structural support Plants that have specialized adaptations tosolve these problems can live in drierenvironments, while those that do not arerestricted to moist environments Protection against drying
Water loss inplants is calledTranspiration Terrestrial plantsare protectedagainsttranspiration by: Epidermis Waxy cuticle Stomata Transport of sperm to egg
Algae and aquatic plants, since they live inwater, have a natural unbroken waterpathway for sperm to swim to the egg Seedless plants can only reproducesexually under moist conditions.Thegametophyte is low to the ground andonly grows in moist habitats Seed plants are less restricted becausethey provide an internal water pathway ina specialized pollen tube Structural Support Algae and aquatic plants are supported bythe buoyancy of the water they live in. Bryophytes, which lack strong supportivetissues, are very small and low to the ground Tracheophytes, supported by a series ofhollow tubes with thickened cell walls, cangrow much taller Bryophytes Lack vascular tissue Reproduce with spores Mosses
Liverworts Tracheophytes Vascular plants
Vascular tissue provides advantages Efficient transport of water and nutrients Structural support Vascular Seedless Plants
Ferns and Horsetails Have vascular tissue Reproduce with Spores Seed Plants Seeds provide many advantages over spores Stored food
Protection Mechanisms for dispersal Flowering Plants Apple seeds Conifers Pine seeds Gymnosperms (Conifers)
Vascular, seedproducing plants naked seed seedsare not completelyenclosed by theripened ovary Generally haveneedle-like (pines) orscale-like (cedars)leaves Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
Vascular seed plants Have a wide varietyof adaptations fortransferring pollen Seeds mature insideof the ripened ovaryof the flower, formingfruit whichprotects, nourishes,and aids dispersal ofthe seeds Objective #6 Identify severalsubdisciplines withinthe field of botany Systematics Classification andTaxonomy Physiology Function Anatomy Structure Morphology Life Cycles Ecology Interactions Genetics Heredity Vocabulary List Alkaloids Primary producer Autotroph Heterotroph
Eukaryote Prokaryote Indeterminategrowth Determinate growth Bryophyte Vascular tissue Seed Gymnosperm Angiosperm