chapter 1 introduction - faculty.wiu.edufaculty.wiu.edu/y-kim2/net321f13ch1.pdf · 1.23 1.3.3...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
Introduction
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1.2
1-1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
- When we communicate, we are sharing
information local or remote
- The telecommunication means
communication at a distance
- Data communications are the exchange
of data between two devices via some
form of transmission media.
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1.3
1.1.1 Components
A data communications system has five components
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1.4
1.1.2 Data Representation
Information today comes in different forms such as
text, numbers, images, audio, and video
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1.5
1.1.3 Data Flow
Communication between two devices can be
- simplex
- half-duplex
- full-duplex
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1.6
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1.7
1-2 NETWORKS
A network is the interconnection of a set of
devices capable of communication.
Examples: computer, desktop, laptop,
workstation, cellular phone, or
security system.
router, switch, modem
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1.8
1.2.1 Network Criteria
A network must be able to meet a certain number of
criteria
- performance
- Reliability
- Security.
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1.9
1.2.2 Physical Structures
Before discussing networks, we need to define some
network attributes.
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1.10
Types of connection
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1.11
A fully-connected mesh topology
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1.12
A star topology
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1.13
A bus topology
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1.14
A ring topology
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1.15
1-3 NETWORKS TYPES
The criteria of distinguishing one type of
network from another is difficult and
sometimes confusing
We use a few criteria such as size,
geographical coverage, and ownership to make
this distinction
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1.16
1.3.1 Local Area Network
- is usually privately owned and connects some hosts
in a single office, building, or campus
- Depending on the needs of an organization, a LAN
can be as simple as two PCs and a printer in a home
office, or it can extend throughout a company and
include audio and video devices
- Each host in a LAN has an identifier, an address,
that uniquely defines the host in the LAN.
- A packet carries both the source host’s and the
destination host’s addresses.
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1.17
An Isolated LAN in the past and today
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1.18
1.3.2 Wide Area Network
- is also an connection of devices capable of
communication.
- differences between a LAN and a WAN.
1) A LAN is normally limited in size; a WAN has
a wider geographical span, spanning a town, a
state, a country, or even the world
2) A LAN interconnects hosts; a WAN interconnects
connecting devices
3) A LAN is normally privately owned by the
organization that uses it; a WAN is normally
created and run by communication companies
and leased by an organization that uses it.
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1.19
A Point-to-Point WAN
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1.20
A Switched WAN
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1.21
An internetwork made of two LANs and one WAN
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1.22
A heterogeneous network made of WANs and LANs
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1.23
1.3.3 Switching
- An internet is a switched network in which a
switch connects at least two links together.
- A switch needs to forward data from a network to
another network when required.
- The two most common types of switched networks
1) circuit-switched
2) packet-switched
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1.24
A circuit-switched network
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1.25
A packet-switched network
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1.26
1.3.4 The Internet
- An internet is two or more networks that can
communicate with each other.
- The most notable internet is the Internet
composed of thousands of interconnected
networks.
- The figure on the next slide shows a conceptual
(not geographical) view of the Internet
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1.27
The Internet today
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1.28
1.3.5 Accessing the Internet
- is an internetwork that allows any user to become
part of it.
- The user needs to be physically connected to an
ISP. The physical connection is normally done
through a point-to-point WAN.
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1.29
1-4 INTERNET HISTORY
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1.30
1.5.1 Internet Standards
- It is a formalized regulation that must be
followed
- There is a strict procedure by which a
specification attains Internet standard status
- A specification begins as an Internet draft
a working document (a work in progress)
with no official status and a six-month
lifetime.
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1.31
Maturity levels of an RFC
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1.32
1.5.2 Internet Administration
- Various groups that coordinate Internet issues
have guided growth and development
- Appendix G gives the addresses, e-mail addresses,
and telephone numbers for some of these groups
- Figure on the next slide shows the general
organization of Internet administration.
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1.33
Internet administration