Chapter 1-2. How to Understand What is going on

(Mweong-Mi)?

Mweong-Mi?

Prof. Jin-Wan Seo, Ph.D.

Department of Public Administration

University of Incheon, KOREA

http://prof.incheon.ac.kr/~sjinwan

1. Legal-Institutional Theory

2. Elite Theory

3. Group Theory

4. System Theory

5. Political Culture Theory

6. Class Theory

7. Political Economy Theory

Selected Theories

1. Legal-Institutional Theory

• Traditional Way to Understand Governing …- Focus on governmental organization, operation, and related rules/laws

- Formal institutional level

• _____________________- In plural society, formal governmental institution is still important in

terms of its function.

- Structured-pattern of individual or organizational behavior

2. Elite Theory

• Focus on Behavior of _____________– Few power elite to determine major political issues within society.

– Governing circle

• Gaetano Mosca (1939). The Ruling Class.– Every political system has two strata

(1) ______________

(2) non-political class

– Non-political class controlled by political class

• Elite Model

3. Group Theory

• Group ___________ as Basic Government Process- Group interaction and structure of competition

- Individual has political capacity, but it can be realized through only the group.

- Group as a whole > Individual

• Arthur Bentley (1967). The Process of Government- Group as Individual collectiveness for common political goal

- Group Interaction as the process of government

4. System Theory

• Scientific Approach to Governing- Development of behaviorlalism

- Influence of sociology, Cultural Anthropoligy, Biology, Ecology, etc.

• D. Easton’s System Theory- Dynamic process - political ___________ and political __________

- Political system - authoritative allocation of values for a society

- Allocation of values (goods, symbolic compensation, etc)

- Decision and action of political system for value allocation - legitimate and binding

• Easton’s System Theory

4. 체제이론 (System Theory)

• G. Almond’s System Theory- Focus on Crucial Function of Political System

- Input Process• Political ______________ and recruitment

• Interest articulation

• Interest __________

• Political communication

– Output Process• Rule making

• Rule __________

• Rule adjudication

• Almond’s System Theory

5. Political Culture Theory

• Political Culture as Independent Variable- Focus on political orientation and behavior- Political ________ Political actions Structure and Operation of

Political System

• G. Almond & S. Verba (1963), Civic Culture- Individual political orientation as a whole – political systems– Individual Psychological Orientation

• Cognitive orientation • Affective orientation• Evaluative orientation

– 3 Types of Political Culture According to Psychological Orientation• Parochial Political Culture• Subjective Political Culture• Participant Political Culture

6. Class Theory

• Social Strata based on _________- Inevitable Social Reality

- Class and GroupGroup: Individual collectivity for common interest

Class: Individual collectivity to quite equally have the basic values such as power, goods, authority, and so forth

- Equal ownership of basic values > Seeking common interests

• Class Structure– Unequal relationship between classes

– Unequal distribution of basic values Conflicts & Struggle Socio-political Change

7. Political Economy Theory

• Window of Political Economy- Starting from the limitation of politics to solve the political issues

- __________ + ___________ for providing rational alternatives

- Exchanges of political resources as Government; Political market as Government Process

- Government or Regimemaximize political resources Making Policy and Implementation

• 5 Policy Areas1) Responding to socio-economic change

2) Inducing socio-economic change

3) Protecting government authority

4) Maintaining authority

5) Realizing political/administrative sub-structure

• Ilchman & Uphoff’s Political Economy