chap01-01b preamble - introduction to cad cam.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to CAD/CAM
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Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture
(CAD/CAM) - Definition
CAD/CAM is a collection of computer-based techniques
that perform various functions of product cycle.
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Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture
(CAD/CAM) - Benefits
Use of computers for any of the design and manufacturing functions results in quality and productivity enhancements. Quality
improves through (a) precise operations (b) several design
iterations in given time; productivity improves through fast
operations of the machines.
However, the most important benefits of CAD/CAM are due to the integration and concurrency of these functions that minimize the
time for design iterations (not their number). This is possible due
to the centralized and distributed databases (viz., geometric,
alphanumeric and knowledge) with reliable access control.
This also changes the attitude and improves interpersonal relations.
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Integration of CAD/CAM through
Common Databases
Geometric Modeling unifies all CAD/CAM activities; in other words, it is the foundation for CAD/CAM implementation.
Ironically, the first function for which CAD was developed itself is being eliminated.
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Integration of CAD/CAM through
Common Databases
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Relationship between Design and
Manufacture Before CAD/CAM
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Relationship between Design and
Manufacture After CAD/CAM
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Evolution of CAD/CAM to CIM
Eventually CAD/CAM evolved into Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) by incorporating upstream (market
survey, dealer network, customer order processing etc.)
and downstream (sales and service) functions.
The three things that lead to such an integration are
i. Computer control of all functions
ii. Networking of all these computer systems
iii. Communication protocols and access control
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Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Creation, analysis/ synthesis, optimization and modification of a design with the aid of computer systems.
CAD Loop
A typical feedback loop
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Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Design Evaluation Techniques
(CAE in ill-defined modern terms!) Structural analysis
Fluid and heat flow analysis
Dynamic analysis
Kinematic analysis
Interference analysis
Tolerance modeling (Analysis and Synthesis)
Virtual and Augmented Reality
Design for X (DFX = [DFM, DFMA, ])
X = [Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly, Maintenability,
Green Env. ...]
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Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM)
Shop Floor Functions Managerial Functions
Direct Indirect supportive
Primarily geometric data driven Primarily alphanumeric data driven
Diffrent strategies for prototype and
mass manufactures
Different techniques for productionizing
and regular production.
-CNC, Robotics, RP&T
-GT
-CAPP
-Tool Design
-Inspection and QC
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-Scheduling
-Inventory control
-Shop floor control
-Quality management
-Make/ buy decision
-Vendor development
-Plant layout
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Manufacturing physical realization. Planning, managing and control of the operations of a manufacturing plant with the aid of computers.
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CAD/CAM CAD/CAM/CAE
CAD GM + CAE. However, GM is no longer an exclusive subset of CAD since it is the first step in CAM and CAE also.
CAD/CAM GM + CAE for some people. Instead of CAD/CAM, the term CAD/CAM/CAE is increasingly being used, CAD here actually referring to
GM. Terms like 3C/P and CAX are also liked by many.
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Evolution of CAD/CAM and ERP
CAD/CAM ERP
- Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD)
- Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
-Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
-NC, CNC, Robotics, CAPP (CAM)
-Codes and packages for FEA, Kinematic and
dynamic analyses
-Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing
(CAD/CAM)
-Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing and
Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE)
-CAS/CAD/CAM/CAE CAX
-Product Data Management (PDM)
-eCommerce
-Cooperative Product Commerce (CPC)
-CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM (3C/P)
-Material Requirement Planning (MRP-I)
-Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II)
-Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
-Supply Chain Management (SCM)
-Business Process Re-engineering (BPR MRP-III)
-Interfaces between ERP and PDM
-Integrated ERP/PDM system or
-Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)
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Packages for CAD/CAM and ERP
Geometric Modeling AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SolidEdge, (Alias, ArtCAM from DelCAM etc. for styling)
Styling Alias
Finite Element Analysis ANSYS, NASTRAN, Pro/Mechanica
Kinematic and dynamic
analysis
ADAMS, Pro/Mechanica
Casting simulation
packages
MoldFlow (for plastics), CMold (for metal), AutoCAST
Note: None for Investment Casting so far!
NC simulation VeriCUT, VirtualNC
DFX, Synthesis and
Optimization
Generally these are specialized packages custom-built for specific applications
CAM SmartCAM, DelCAM, SurfCAM, MasterCAM
CAD/CAM/CAE Pro/E, NX (formerly competitors as UG and I-DEAS), CATIA
ERP - Simple database systems like Dbase, FoxPro- Relational database systems like Oracle
- ERP packages like SAP, BAAN, IFF, DEdwards
PDM/ PLM Windchill (PTC), TeamCentre (formerly Metaphase (SDRC), I-MAN (EDS)), Ennovia (Dassaults), Matrix One (Dassaults), SAP PLM
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ERP
Enabling best management practices
Lean enterprise
Kaizen
TPM
Condition-based preventive scheduled maintenance
Activity-based costing
Competency-based appraisals
Enterprise integration and standardizing processes and data
BPR
Performance measurements
Intelligent enterprise