Harold Lockwood

Aguaconsult

Brisbane, Australia May 2011

Session B3.B

CHANGING THE NARRATIVE: FROM

COUNTING INFRASTRUCTURE TO

MONITORING SERVICES

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WHAT DOES ‘COVERAGE’ MEAN IN PRACTICE?

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30% - 40% of hand pumps in Africa do not function at any one time

Measuring coverage (systems built or people served) does not account for actual services delivered

Functionality is a one-off check which cannot measure sustainability

Functionality over time is a better measure, but is still insufficient

CHALLENGES WITH CURRENT MONITORING?

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MONITORING IN 13 COUNTRY STUDY

Country Descriptor RatesBenin Functionality of water facilities 73% (handpumps)

69% (small piped systems)Burkina Faso Functionality of water facilities 82% (handpumps)

66% (small piped systems)Ethiopia Functionality of water facilities 67%

Ghana Functionality of water facilities

Honduras Composite indicator classifying performance of service into four levels

78% not classified as requiring major intervention

India Extent of slippage1 30%

Mozambique Functionality – for handpumps only 85%

Uganda Functionality of water facilities 81%

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MONITORING UNDER A SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH

• The services provided – including service levels

2. The service providers

3. The service authorities

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MONITORING SERVICES

The water service can be monitored for:

Reliability (downtime)

Affordability (cost per unit)

Quantity (l/p/d available)

Quality (normative criteria)

Round trip time or distance (< 30 mins.)

Numbers sharing access (crowding)

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THE SERVICE LADDER APPROACH

High service: 60l/c/d on demand

Intermediate service: 40l/c/d <30 min/day

Basic service: 20l/c/d <30 min/day

Sub-standard: lacking basic criteria

No service: poor quality, distant etc

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MONITORING SERVICE PROVIDERS

Service provider functions:

Technical (maintenance and repairs)

Financial (tariffs, accounts)

Management and organisational (record keeping, dispute resolution)

Other roles (hygiene promotion, water source protection activities etc)

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MONITORING SERVICE PROVIDERS - NICARAGUA

ABOVE AVERAGE ACCEPTABLE BELOW AVERAGE

ORGANISATIONAL • Committeefunctioning with allmembers active;

• Committeefunctioning, but incomplete;

• Committee not functioning;

• Decisions made in previous month respected and adhered to by community;

•Decisions made by committee in previous month not universally agreed on nor respected;

• No decisions taken in previous month;

• Committee functions without external support.

• Committee functions, but with some need for external support

• Organization impossible without external support.

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MONITORING SERVICE AUTHORITIES

District level government often has responsibility to ensure water provision:

Enforcement of bye-laws

Planning and coordination

Letting of contracts

Support to service providers

‘Regulation’ of services and providers

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SERVICE AUTHORITY INDICATORS - GHANA

Score

DWST does not monitor O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance.

0

DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, but does not (immediately) provide the direct support when needed.

25

DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, but does not (immediately) provide the direct support when needed.

50

DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, and provides direct support where needed when challenges are identified.

75

DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, including periodic audits, and provides direct support where needed. (CWSA standard)

100

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Monitoring is only useful if it leads to action

MAKING USE OF THE OUTPUTS

So what?

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SIAR HONDURAS – CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Category and status of the system

Recommended intervention

A: System functions well Activities geared towards optimizing community participation and continued strengthening of management tasks by the water committee

B: system may be working but with management gaps - sustainability at risk

Supporting and strengthening management capacity. Supporting accountability and participation of the users.

C: System functions only partially – both management and physical deficiencies

Same as B, but support to the water committee in defining the works that need to be done, their budgeting and identifying of sources of funding.

D: System is in bad management and physical state

Define feasibility to be considered in future investment plans.

Monitoring data used to inform planning decisions and proactive interventions at local level – classification allows identification of risk factors

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TARGETS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES

Uganda has formalised targets for sustainable services: Eleven ‘golden’ indicators, including

functionality League tables with performance targets Trend analysis over time – consolidated

reporting 86% for 2009/2010 and 90% for

2014/2015

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Act on data collection results

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH Monitor services (what the user

really experiences), as well as coverage

Monitoring services has cost implications – incremental, small changes and benefits

Strengthen existing monitoring systems to support improved performance management

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WATER SERVICES THAT LAST

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