Change Only Begins with You…

CHAPTER NINE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

STANDARDS COVERED• CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant

problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

• CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM: SECTION ONE

FOUR GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM• Progressive movement/Progressivism*PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE• Social Gospel, settlement houses, Salvation Army,

and YMCA provide services to people suffering• Florence Kelley*IMPROVING MORALS• Prohibtion*• Women’s Christian Temperance Union

(WTCU)—took up the cause and entered saloons

THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

CREATING ECONOMIC REFORM• Economic capitalist system questioned• Some favor socialism• Muckrakers (ex. Ida Tarbell)*FOSTERING EFFICIENCY• Progressive leaders have faith in scientists and

experts to make society and the workplace efficient

• Scientific management*

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

CLEANING UP THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT• Natural disaster in Galveston, TX—relief funds

messed up and five member council is appointed to fix

• Disaster in Dayton, OH enforces a council-manager form

• Hazen Pingree of Detroit*• Tom Johnson of Clevland*

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

REFORM AT THE STATE LEVEL• Robert La Follette*• Problems with children workers*• Organizations, such as the National Labor Child

Committee, able to get the govt. to ban child labor and reduce hours

• Muller v. Oregon• Bunting v. Oregon• Workmen’s comp.

THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

• Initiative*• Referendum*• Recall*• Seventeenth Amendment*

STANDARDS COVERED• CE 6.3.3 Analyze the successes and failures of

efforts to expand women’s rights.• CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant

problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE—SECTION TWO

WOMEN IN THE WORK FORCE• The lives of married, middle and upper class

women• Farm women handled indoor and outdoor work• Cities and factory growth open up new jobs for

women/one out of five held jobs• Criteria of a typical woman worker*• Jobs include factories, offices, stores, classrooms,

and houses

WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE

WOMEN LEAD REFORM• Dangerous conditions, low wages, and long hours

pushed women toward reform• Activists were college-educated women—why?• National Association for Colored Women (NACW)*• Had issues with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth

Amend.• Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and

suffrage*

WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE

WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE• National American Women Suffrage Association

(NAWSA)*• Three Part Strategy to Gain Votes:1. Convince state legislatures to give right to vote2. Pursue court cases to test Fourteenth

Amendment3. Push for a national constitutional amendment• A story about Alice Stokes…

STANDARDS COVERED• CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant

problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

• CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL: SECTION THREE

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

• Upton Sinclair and The Jungle*• Teddy Roosevelt*A ROUGH-RIDING PRESIDENT• Roosevelt’s move to the presidency• Roosevelt’s background• Roosevelt’s personality and the “bully pulpit”*• Roosevelt and Bill Pullman• The Square Deal*

TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEAL

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

USING FEDERAL POWER• By 1900, trusts (legal bodies to hold stock in

many companies) controlled four-fifths of the nation’s industries

• President Roosevelt became a “trust-buster”—wins a few court cases and breaks others apart, but prob. did not go away

• 1902 Coal Mine Strike harmed production of coal deposits

• Roosevelt uses arbitration to settle the matter*• Legacy—federal govt. can intervene

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

• The Elkins Act 1903• The Hepburn Act 1906HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT• After reading The Jungle, Roosevelt sends a team

to investigate• Meat Inspection Act*• Pure Food and Drug Act*

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

• Before Roosevelt, the government paid little attention to the environment

• John Muir, a conservationist persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites, 80 million acres of land, and 50 wildlife sanctuaries and national parks

• Conservation*

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS• Some African American activists blame Roosevelt

for failing to support Civil Rights• He supported people that segregated, blamed the

communities for their own poverty, and told them to accept discrimination

• Upset by Progressivism’s failures, they form the NAACP*

STANDARDS COVERED• CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant

problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

• CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT: SECTION FOUR

TAFT BECOMES A PRESIDENT• William Howard Taft*• Busted 90 trusts during his career but not as

popular as TR• Mistake One Payne-Aldrich Tariff*• Mistake Two hiring Richard Ballinger and firing

Gifford Pinchot• Mistake Three Could not prevent his own political

party from falling apart• Roosevelt returns angry—starts the Bull Moose

Party*

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT

DEMOCRATS WIN IN 1912• Woodrow Wilson*• Stayed away from the feud between Roosevelt

and Taft• Wilson has experience with trust busting, bank

reform, and cutting tariffs—wins easily

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT

STANDARDS COVERED• CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and

limitations of Progressive reform.

WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM: SECTION FIVE

WILSON WINS FINANCIAL REFORMS• Wilson’s background• Clayton Antitrust Act*• Federal Trade Commission*• Lowers tariffs—before this big business was

favored—why?• Sixteenth Amendment—federal income tax to

generate more revenue• Federal Reserve System*

WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE• Middle-class women push on to obtain voting

rights—win in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Washington, and Idaho 1910

• Susan B. Anthony’s successor of NAWSA, Carrie Chapman Catt—she emphasized certain goals*

• Lucy Burns and Alice Paul a little more drastic• NAWSA’S efforts and women’s involvement during

WWI push the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment*

WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM• Opposed an anti-lynching law• Federal offices were segregated• Appointed Southern politicians that segregated;

thought segregation was just• WWI demands*• Change only begins with you…