challenges - engineering forum · 13/06/2014 · challenges reuse of ex-quarry sites rock cavern...
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Challenges In Hong Kong Land Supply
by Reclamation
13 June 2014
Ir Robin LEE Kui Biu
Deputy Head of Civil Engineering Office (Port & Land)
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Content
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1. Brief History on reclamation in Hong Kong
2. Challenges of reclamation – in the past and present
3. How we could meet the new challenges
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History of Reclamation – Early Age
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19th Century
1947 Urban
areas
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Sha Tin
Tsuen Wan Tuen Mun
Tai Po
Fanling /
Sheung Shui
Yuen Long
Tin Shui Wai
Tung Chung
Tseung Kwan O
Legend:
New towns on
reclaimed land
Other new towns
New Town Development
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Hong Kong International Airport
Lantau Link Route 3 (part)
Central Reclamation (Phase 1)
Tung Chung New Town (Phase 1) North Lantau Expressway
West Kowloon Reclamation
Reclamation for Airport Core Programme
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Challenges in the Past:
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• Rapid population growth
• Economic and social development –
central business district, industrial districts,
container terminals, new airport,
transportation infrastructures, R&D institute
Main Challenges: - Prolonged settlement in
reclamation
- How quick the newly reclaimed
land could be put to use?
Kwun Tong industrial district (1962), reclamation & factory construction simultaneously (Source: Challenges for an Evolving City)
Kwai Chung Container Terminal under construction (1972 ) (Source: Challenges for an Evolving City)
Pressure for more land due to:
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Fully dredged method to reduce settlement
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Fully dredged seawall foundation
and reclamation area
Sand filling
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Partial dredging, band drains & surcharging to
speed up settlement
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Fully dredged
seawall foundation
Fully dredged
seawall foundation
Band drains & surcharging were used to speed up consolidation of the left-in-situ marine deposits at the main reclamation
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Present Challenges
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• Growing environmental
consciousness
• Strong public sentiment
against reclamation
• Acute shortage of land supply
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Growing Environmental Consciousness
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• Growing public concerns on environment, including effect of reclamation on water flow and quality, marine ecology, etc., particularly after the enactment of the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance (PHO) in 1997
• Strong public sentiment against reclamation
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Each method has its own difficulties and challenges
Reclamation Rock Cavern Development Reuse of Ex-quarry Sites
Redevelopment Rezoning Land Land Resumption
Common Land Supply Methods
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697
467
577 550
84
8 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1985-89 1990-94 1995-99 2000-04 2005-09 2010-13 (4 years)
Hec
tare
Reclamation from 1985 to 2013
Acute Shortage in Land Supply
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Remarks: The reclamation of 467 ha in1990-94 excludes the reclamation of
1274 ha at Chek Lap Kok and West Kowloon
(Source: Hong Kong Geographic Data published yearly from 1986 to 2014 by Survey & Mapping Office, Lands
Department)
Redevelopment – market driven
Resumption – local resentment
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How we could meet these new
challenges?
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Constraints Map
Impact on marine
habitats & associated
fauna will be MUCH
REDUCED if a suitable
location is chosen
(a) Avoid environmentally sensitive areas when selecting
reclamation sites
LEGEND:
Protected Shoreline
Marine “Stop” Area
Coral Area
Mangrove
Seagrass
Fish Culture Zones
Chinese White Dolphin
Finless Porpoise
Juvenile Horseshoe Crab
(1) Addressing the Environmental Concerns
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(b) Conduct baseline survey before detailed studies so as to
ascertain sensitive ecological areas to be protected
(1) Addressing the Environmental Concerns
CUMULATIVE Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA) in western waters
Conducting on-site monitoring to
ascertain presence of CWDs at three
potential near-shore reclamation sites Major Projects at Western Waters
Potential reclamation sites
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Schematic Layout
Source: Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities, Hong Kong–Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Highways Department
Isometric View
Cell Dia.
(c) Minimize Impact on water quality and ecology by using advanced
reclamation method and technology – non dredged method
(1) Addressing the Environmental Concerns
Backfilling
Materials Rock Armour
Stone
Column
Marine
Deposit Cellular Steel
Sheet Pile
Vertical
drains
Underlayer
Rock Fill
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Non-dredged Method helps minimize impact on water quality and
marine ecology
Non-dredged Method
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Source: Hong Kong Boundary
Crossing Facilities, Hong Kong–
Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,
Highways Department
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Intertidal Zone
Saltmarsh Mangroves Seagrasses Sand
Source: Environmentally
Friendly Seawalls by
Department of Environment
& Climate Change, New
South Wales , Australia 18
Highest Astronomical Tide
Lowest Astronomical Tide
(d) Create Eco-shorelines at suitable places to re-establish
affected habitats
(1) Addressing the Environmental Concerns
Diverse Mangrove Planting Mudflat
High Tide
Low Tide
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Estuary of Parramatta River, Australia
Quakers Hat Bay, Sydney, Australia
Kogarah Bay, Australia
Source: Environmentally Friendly Seawalls by Department of Environment & Climate Change, New South Wales , Australia Before
After
After Before
Eco-shoreline - successful applications
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Local re-use saves the long haul
of public fill to Taishan, hence
reducing energy consumption,
carbon emission & costs
Central Reclamation Phase 3 Hong Kong International Airport
Tseung Kwan O Fill Bank
(1) Addressing the Environmental Concerns
(e) Re-use of public fill (i.e. inert C&D waste) in reclamation projects
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• To set agenda, propose solutions and shape the implementation policies with society
• To address public concerns scientifically through research and studies
• To communicate with the public at various stages of the development process
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(2) Engaging the Public
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for reclamation
Confirmed after
public
consultation
Cost
Effectiveness
Environmental
benefits
Meeting local
needs
Site location &
accessibility
Environmental impact
(particularly on marine ecology)
Impact on local community
Planning
flexibility
Engineering
feasibility
Social harmony &
benefits
Enhanced environmental
performance
Economic efficiency &
practicality
(2) Engaging the Public
• To determine Selection Criteria for reclamation sites
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• To build in-principle support towards 6-pronged approach for land supply
• To establish the need for reclamation as one of the land supply options
• To show government’s commitment to pursue
sustainable development
Stage 1 Public Engagement of
“Enhancing Land Supply
Strategy”
(2) Engaging the Public
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Adopting the 6-pronged
approach for land supply
Finding suitable locations and applying eco-friendly method
Engaging the public
To Solve Acute Land Shortage Through
Further Reclamation
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Thank You