Quiz 1) What is an advanced culture with cities and

a system of writing called? (Society, Civilization)

2) What is the way of life including beliefs, customs, and practices called? (Culture, Society)

3) What type of family includes a mother, father, and children called? ( Extended, Nuclear)

4) this provides a basis for culture (Language, Religion)

5) A grouping of people based on rank or status. (Social class or Hierarchy)

CULTURES OF THE WORLD

Chapter 4Sections 1 & 2

Understanding Cultures

Culture- people’s way of life including, their beliefs, customs, and practices.

Elements of CultureParents pass culture to their children

and so on and so on.Cultural traits are the way a people do

things. These can change with time.Language, spiritual beliefs, material

things, right and wrong, and government

People and their landTo study culture, geographers look at Human-Environmental Interaction.

Environment does not always dictate culture.

Culture can have a big impact on environment.

Cultural Landscape- parts of a people’s environment that they have shaped and the technology they have used to shape it.

Development of Culture

4 major advances in technology- Invention of tools millions of years ago

Control of fireDevelopment of farmingDevelopment of civilization Civilization- advanced cultures with cities and system of writing

Agricultural Revolution- when people began to rely mostly on farming for their food.

Irrigation is a major factor in this revolution

Full time farming allowed people to grow more than they need and build up surpluses of food. This allowed others to specialize as well outside of farming.

Led to the development of trading. Industrial Revolution- 200 years ago

people developed power-driven machines to make things

Development of InstitutionsInstitutions- customs and organizations with social, educational, and religious purposes.

After Agro. Revolution more complex institutions needed to be developed

Extended families, political institutions,

• As cities grew other institutions were needed

Organized religion Armies for protection Governments Schools Today we have new types of institutions Sports clubs Universities Corporations Institutions are an important part of our

culture

Culture and Society How Society is Organized

Society- group of people that share a culture

Social Structure- pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society

Family is the most basic and most important social unit

Social ClassesSocial Classes- groups of people

based on rank or statusdetermined by: wealth, land,

education, or ancestors Kinds of families

Nuclear family- Mother, Father and kids common in developed nations Extended families- families that include several

generation less common and mainly found in developing and

rural developed nations

LanguageLanguage is the basis for cultureEach culture even if within the same

country is different because of language

Religionevery culture has some sort of

religionBeliefs and practices may vary

between religionsHelps make sense of the worldProvides comfort and hope

Helps to answer purpose and meaning of life Guides people in ethics (standard or

accepted behaviors). All have prayer and rituals One or many gods Celebrate special places and times