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RenaissanceLesson 1Italy: Birthplace of Rebirth

+Bell Work

■#3 – Ch. 1/L1 Vocabulary

■#4 – Duplicate the map on pg. 35 using the blank map and colors.

■#5 – Analyzing Primary Sources, #1-2 (pg. 39)

Write the questions.

+Objectives

■ We want to explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance.

■ We will identify the values and ideas prized during the Renaissance.

■ We will describe the artistic breakthrough and achievements of Renaissance artists.

■ We will summarize influential literary works and techniques of key Renaissance writers.

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Setting the stage:

■In the late Middle Ages (approx. 1300-1500 AD), Europe suffered from plagues, wars, and famine.

■This caused people to begin questioning the institutions that had been unable to prevent the wars or relieve the suffering.

■The Church had told people to endure because their reward was in heaven.

■Renaissance = “rebirth”

■SMART HISTORY!

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Italy’s Advantages:

■The Renaissance spread from northern Italy to the rest of Europe for 3 reasons:1. Italian city-states2. Merchants and the

Medici3. Classical and Worldly

Values

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■Reason 1:■Italian city-states

■Overseas trade spurred by the Crusades allowed Italian cities to grow.

■Northern Italy was mostly urban while the rest of Europe was mostly rural.

■250 self-ruling small city-states existed in Italy at this time.

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■ In the 1300s, a plague swept through Italy and killed 60% of the population.

■This created economic changes that eventually lead to the merchant class gaining political power.

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■Reason 2:■Merchants and the

Medici■Small city-states =

politically active populace.

■Merchants, because of their wealth, were able to dominate these politics. ■Since they didn’t have

social status, they had to work for their wealth. This meant they came to believe that if you work hard, you should get some political benefits.

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■The Medici family, led by Cosimo de Medici, came to power in Florence in 1434 AD.■He used bribes to gain

the favor of public officials.

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■Cosimo’s grandson, Lorenzo (a.k.a Lorenzo the Magnificent), took over in 1469, and changed the government of Florence from a republic to a dictatorship.

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■Reason 3:■Classical and Worldly

Values■Art/literature of the Middle

Ages was looked down upon.■Instead of their

contemporaries, Renaissance scholars drew inspiration from the ruins of ancient Rome that were all around them.

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■Scholars began studying ancient Greek and Roman texts for religious reasons. ■The Latin texts

preserved in monasteries, and Greek texts taken from Constantinople when the Turks invaded in the city in 1453.

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■Humanism = the intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.■Scholars began studying

the classics, which lead to the study of subjects like literature, philosophy, and history.

■They weren’t trying to make these ancient texts agree with Christian teachings. Rather, they wanted to understand ancient values.

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■Middle Ages piety = rough clothing and eating plain food.

■Renaissance = we can live luxuriously without sinning, or offending God.

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■While most people remained devout Catholics, this humanistic spirit lead to the secularization of life.■ Secular = worldly rather than

spiritual.■ Secularism and the rebirth of

art meant vast amounts of money were spent beautifying cities.

■ People who paid artists for their work were called patrons.■ The wealthy would have

portraits of themselves painted or would donate a sculpture to the city square in order to show their importance.

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Renaissance Man and Woman

■The Book of the Courtier – Castiglione (1528)■laid out the strict code

of morals and conduct that Renaissance men should follow.

■Nobles were to have character, grace, talent, and were to perform military service and physical exercise.

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Renaissance Men and Women

■Women were not expected to seek fame like men were. Instead, they should be the inspiration of art.

■Isabella d’Este was one woman who was able to gain political power. She ruled over the city-state of Mantua while her husband was away (pg. 39).

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■The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art■Realistic Painting and

Sculpture■Renaissance art was

based on realism.■Perspective –

technique used to display 3D objects on a flat surface.

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Madonna and Child on a Curved Throne, unknown (1200’s)

Madonna del Cardellino, Raphael (1506)

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Pietro Perugino’s fresco at the Sistine Chapel (1481-82)

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■Art Revolution (cont’d)…■Donatello – sculptor who

copied many statues done by the Greeks and Romans; ■He used natural

postures and expressions to reveal personality.

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■Art Revolution (cont’d)…■Michaelangelo –

sculptor/painter, who is most famous for his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which displays the human body as a reflection of divine beauty. ■He is also famous

for his sculpture of David (pg. 44)

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The Creation of Adam, Michaelangelo (1512)

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Michaelangelo’s Pietawas completed whenhe was only 24 years old.

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■Art Revolution (cont’d)…■Leonard da Vinci was a

painter, sculptor, thinker, scientist, etc.

■He is famous for the Mona Lisa, but he also developed ideas for futuristic items such as helicopters, tanks, planes, flamethrowers.

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■Art Revolution ■He would spend countless

hours in the morgue dissecting human bodies.■Why?

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■Art Revolution (cont’d)…■Raphael was a painter of

many Madonnas ■He also painted several

frescoes in the Vatican, and one of his most famous works is the School of Athens (pg. 45)

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Rapheal’s Madonna del Granduca, which hepainted for Ferdinand III, the Grand Duke of Tuscany (1505).

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■Art Revolution (cont’d)…■Anguissola was a female

artist who was famous for her portraits of her sisters and King Phillip II of Spain.

■Gentileschi painted portraits of strong, noble women.

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Anguissola’s The Chess Game.

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Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes

Judith and Her Maidservant

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■Renaissance Writers Change Literature■used vernacular =

native language.■wrote for self-expression

or to show the individuality of their subjects.

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■Writers (cont’d)…■Petrarch – the “father of

humanism”.■found, copied, and

circulated old Latin manuscripts.

■wrote sonnets about Laura.

■Boccaccio – wrote Decameron, On Famous Women

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■Writers (cont’d)…■Machiavelli – political

writer from Florence.■wrote The Prince to

demonstrate how a leader should govern.■The #1 job of gov’t is to

grow and expand the state.■“The ends justify the

means.”■To be loved or feared?

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■Writers (cont’d)…■Machiavelli – leaders

shouldn’t worry about the morality of their decisions. ■morality vs efficacy

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■Writers (cont’d)…■Vittoria Colonna

■female writer from Colonna.

■helped publish The Courtier (Castiglione, 1528)

■exchanged sonnets with Michaelangelo.

■wrote poems for her husband (pg. 43)

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By the end of the 15th century (1400’s), these ideas and values began to spread north from Italy into England, France, Germany, and Flanders (part of present day France and the Netherlands)….

the Medici

+Ch. 1/L1 Quiz

Primary Source:“A prince must also show himself a lover of merit [excellence], give

preferment [promotion] to the able, and honour those who excel in every art. Moreover he must encourage his citizens to follow their callings [professions] quietly, whether in commerce, or agriculture, or any other trade that men follow…[The prince] should offer rewards to whoever does these things, and to whoever seeks in any way to improve his city or state.”

1. What phrase best describes the advice given by Macchiavelli?a. Rule with an iron hand in a velvet glove. b. Do not give your subjects any freedoms. c. Reward hard work and patriotism. d. To retain your rule, you must interfere in the lives of your subjects.

+Ch. 1/L1 Quiz

2. Where did the Renaissance begin? a. Franceb. the Holy Roman

Empirec. the Italian statesd. England

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3. The basic spirit of the Renaissance was __________, meaning people were more concerned with worldly, rather than spiritual, matters.

a. humanism

b. secular

c. catholic

d. artistic

+Ch. 1/L1 Quiz

4. Which of the following was not an important Renaissance artists?

a. Anguissola

b. Gentileschi

c. Michelangelo

d. D’Angelo

+Ch. 1/L1 Quiz

5. Brunelleschi was a famous architect and artist who is responsible for discovering a method of painting three dimensional images on two dimensional surfaces.

This method is called…

a. perception

b. perspective

c. persecution

d. persimmons