The Impact of the Enlightenment

Chapter 17, Section 3

Architecture

New architectural style created

Balthasar Neumann- great architect of the 18th centuryChurch of the Fourteen Saints

The Residence

Fancy decoration

Light

Bright colors

Detail

Art

New artistic style- Rococo

Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action

Pleasure, happiness, love

Upper class

Antoine Watteau

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Music

18th Century = greatest period in the history of European music!!!

Baroque musical styleBach- Mass in B Minor

Handel- Messiah

Classical musical styleHaydn- The Creation and The Seasons

Mozart- The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni

Literature

Growth of novels- middle class

Henry FieldingWrote novels about people with no morals who survive by their wits

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Enlightened Absolutism

Philosophes believed that people should be governed by enlightened rulers

Religious toleration

Freedom of speech and press

Rights of private property

Nurture arts, sciences, and education

Enforce laws fairly

Enlightened Absolutism- rulers try to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers

Prussia- Fredrick the Great

One of the best educated and cultured monarchs

Well versed in the ideas of the Enlightenment

Invited Voltaire to live in his court

Seemed willing to make reformsAbolished use of torture (except for treason and murder)

Limited freedom of speech and press

Greater religious toleration

But he kept Prussia’s rigid social structure

Austria- Joseph IIMajor reforms!

Abolished serfdom

Eliminated death penalty

Equality before the law

Religious toleration

Thousands of decrees and laws

But he failedAlienated the nobles and Catholic Church

Serfs couldn’t make sense of the drastic changes

Gravestone: “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything he undertook.”

Russia- Catherine the Great

Intelligent, familiar with the works of the philosophes

Invited Diderot to Russia

Liked his theories but thought they were impractical

In the end she did nothing because she wanted to keep the support of the nobility

War of the Austrian Succession

Prussia invaded Austrian Silesia

France and Prussia vs. Austria and Great Britain

After seven years of fighting, everyone was tired

Treaty of Aix-la-ChapelleReturn of all occupied territories

Except Prussia refused to return Silesia to Austria

This led to another war…

The Seven Years War

Austria, France, and Russia vs. Prussia and Great Britain

Fought in three areasEurope- Prussia ended up controlling Silesia

India- controlled by Great Britain

North America- controlled by Great Britain

Great Britain = world’s greatest colonial power