ch12
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 12:Architecture
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives• Understand the different physical architecture components.• Understand server-based, client-based, and client–server
physical architectures.• Be familiar with distributed objects computing.• Be able to create a network model using a deployment
diagram.• Understand how operational, performance, security, cultural,
and political requirements affect the design of the physical architecture layer.
• Be familiar with how to create a hardware and software specification.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction
• Most modern systems span two or more networked computers
• The physical architecture layer design specifies– How the system will be distributed across the
computers – What hardware and software will be used
• Most systems’ design is constrained by existing systems and networks
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
ELEMENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE LAYER
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Architectural Components
• Software components– Data storage– Data access logic– Application logic– Presentation logic
• Hardware components– Computers (clients, servers)– Networks
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Server-Based Architectures
• The server performs all four application functions
• The client only needed a monitor, a keyboard, and a communications device (e.g. modem)
Data StorageData Access LogicApplication LogicPresentation Logic
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Client-Based Architectures
• All logic resides on the client computer• A separate computer may hold the data• Simple to develop, but difficult to maintain
Data StorageData Access LogicApplication LogicPresentation Logic
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Client-Server Architectures
• Balance processing between client and server• Predominant architecture in modern systems• Amount of client processing varies
– Thin clients do only presentation logic– Thick clients do presentation and application
Application LogicPresentation Logic
Data StorageData Access Logic
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Client-Server Tiers
• Client server architectures can have two or more tiers depending on application logic partitioning– 2-tier: all application and data logic on one server– 3-tier: application logic on one server, data logic
on another– 4-tier: application logic split among two servers,
data logic on another• Sometimes called an n-tier architecture
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Distributed Objects Computing
• Next generation of client-server computing• The client need not know which server to call• Middleware intercepts the client request and
sends it to the appropriate server• Three competing approaches
– CORBA– Enterprise Java Beans– .NET
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Selecting a Physical Architecture
• Cost of infrastructure• Cost of development• Ease of development• Interface capabilities• Control and security• Scalability
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Architecture CharacteristicsServer-Based Client-Based Client-Server
Cost of infrastructure Very high Medium Low
Cost of development Medium Low High
Ease of development Low High Low-Medium
Interface capabilities Low High High
Control and Security High Low Medium
Scalability Low Medium High
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Deployment Diagram
• Represent relationships between hardware components of an information system
• Elements of a deployment diagram– Nodes: a computational resource– Artifacts: a piece of the information system which
will be installed on a node– Communication paths: a communication link such
as a network connection or a USB cable
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sample Deployment Diagram
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Model
• Shows the major components of the information system and their geographic locations throughout the organization
• Purposes of the network model: – To convey the complexity of the system– To show how the system’s software components
will fit together
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sample Network Model
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nonfunctional Requirement Types
• Operational• Performance• Security• Cultural and Political
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Operational Requirements
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Performance Requirements
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Security Requirements
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cultural & Political Requirements
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
• Elements of the Physical Architecture Layer• Infrastructure Design• Nonfunctional Requirements