Luther Leads the ReformationMARTIN LUTHER’S PROTEST OVER ABUSES IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH LED TO THE FOUNDING OF PROTESTANT CHURCHES.

● Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation.

● Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic Church

● Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.

● Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England

HOW DO WE PROTEST TODAY?

protesting religious persecution

protesting governmental abuse

protesting war

People were unhappy with the Catholic Church.

Holy Roman Empire➢ no central authority

Causes of the ReformationSocial Political Economic Religious

1. Humanism and secularism led people to question the Church

2. The printing press helped spread ideas critical of the Church.

1. Monarchs challenged the Church’s authority in Europe.

2. The pope was viewed as foreign ruler.

1. European rulers were jealous of the Church’s wealth.

2. Merchants and others resented paying taxes to the Church.

1. Some Church leaders had become too worldly and corrupt.

2. Many people found the selling of indulgences to be unacceptable

➢ CORRUPTION○ positions sold

to highest bidder

➢ CORRUPTION○ lavish lifestyles○ “Borgia” =

libertinism

➢ Uneducated➢ Illiterate➢ Immoral

➢ John Wycliffe○ Bible →

vernacular English

➢ Jan Hus○ criticized the

Church○ burned at the

stake

➢ Martin Luther○ German monk○ leader of the

Protestant Reformation

➢ 95 Theses○ indulgences○ John Tetzel○ Wittenberg

(1517)

➢ 95 Theses● “Out of love and concern

for the truth, and with the object of eliciting it, the following heads will be the subject of a public discussion at Wittenberg under the presidency of the reverend father, Martin Luther, Augustinian, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology, and duly appointed Lecturer on these subjects in that place. He requests that whoever cannot be present personally to debate the matter orally will do so in absence in writing.”

The Church Luther

Salvation by faith and good works. Sola fida – “by faith alone”

Church and Biblical tradition are sources of revealed truth.

Sola scriptura – “based on scripture alone”

People need priests to get them to God. All believers are equal.

➢ 1520 - excommunication

➢ 1521 - Edict of Worms

➢ 1524 - The Peasant’s Revolt

➢ Luther sided with the princes

➢ ~ 100,000 killed

➢ 1546-1555 - war between Charles V and Protestant princes.

➢ 1555 - Peace of Augsburg

➢ Catherine of Aragon○ 1516 - Mary born○ 1527 - Henry VIII

petitions for annulment.

➢ Anne Boleyn○ 1533 - marries

Henry; Elizabeth is born

○ 1534 - Act of Supremacy

○ 1536 - execution

➢ Jane Seymour○ 1536 - marries

Henry; ○ 1537 - Edward is

born, but Jane dies in childbirth.

➢ Anne of Cleves○ 1540 - marries

Henry. ○ 1540 - marriage

annulled.

➢ Catherine Howard○ 1540 - marries

Henry. ○ 1542 - executed for

an affair.

➢ Catherine Howard○ 1543 - marries

Henry. ○ 1547 - Henry dies.

➢ 1547 - Edward I becomes king. ○ 1553 - Edward I

dies. ➢ 1553 - Mary I becomes

queen.

➢ 1553 - Mary I becomes queen. ○ “Bloody Mary”

➢ 1558 - Mary I dies.

➢ 1559 - Elizabeth 1 becomes queen.

➢ 1603 - Elizabeth 1 dies.