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Ch. 9:A New Role for America

By: Ms. HicksTHE NATION EXPANDS/SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

Lesson 1:

New Territories

• In 1867, William Seward convinced congress to buy Alaska. Many Americans thought it was a

bad idea until gold was discovered there. Alaska was named the 49th state in 1959.

• Americans also began to inhabit Hawaii.

However, when Americans began to become rich, Hawaiians became upset and Queen

Liliuokalani wanted power and land returned to native Hawaiians. When Americans found out

about this, they revolted against the queen and forced her from power. In 1898, Hawaii

became a U.S. territory and it became the 50th

state in 1959.

William Seward, Hawaii, Queen Liliuokalani, and Alaska

Spanish-American War

• Imperialism is when nations build empires by adding colonies. A conflict with Spain would add new territories to the United States.

• In the 1890’s, the people of Cuba revolted against Spain. American newspapers wrote shocking, but oftentimes untrue, stories about these events. This type of writing was called yellow journalism.

Spanish-American War Cont’d

• In February of 1898, the U.S. Navy ship Maine exploded but no one knew how it happened. Americans blamed Spain and war was declared.

• As a result, the Spanish-American War began in the Philippine Islands. Spain surrendered in 1898 and the U.S. was given control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam.

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The Panama Canal

• In 1901, after the Spanish-American War,

Theodore Roosevelt became president. He believed that the United States should

build a canal linking the Atlantic and

Pacific Ocean. If America helped Panama win their independence from Columbia,

then Panamanians would allow Americans

to build the Panama Canal.

• Building the canal was dangerous and expensive. It took ten years to complete.

In August of 1914, the Panama Canal

finally opened.

WORLD WAR I

Lesson 2:

Understanding the Language

• Nationalism is the belief that your

country deserves more success than others.

• Militarism is the building of a strong

military to frighten or defeat other

countries.

• An alliance is an agreement nations make to support and defend each other.

• During World War I, there were two major

alliances: the Allied Powers and the

Central Powers.

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Choose a Side

• The Allied Powers were made up of France, Great Britain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Russia, and Montenegro.

• The Central Powers were made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Causes of the War

• A Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.

• Therefore, in 1914, Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia and Germany invaded France and Belgium. Because of the assassination and invasions, World War I had begun.

Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!

• The type of fighting that took place during

World War I was called trench warfarebecause soldiers crouched down in the

trenches for protection and fired their

weapons from there.

• Although America wanted to stay out of World War I, when Germany broke their

promise and began attacking U.S. ships

headed to Europe, America had to join the was as part of the Allied Powers. America

joined the war in April of 1917.

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New Weapons

• Both groups fought with new weapons in World War I.

• Soldiers used machine guns that could shoot

hundreds of bullets per minute.

• They threw hand grenades and fired cannon

shells from miles away.

• Submarines sank ships in the Atlantic.

• The British invented the tank to attack across land between trenches.

• Both sides used poison gas to harm and kill.

• Later on in the war airplanes were used to drop bombs.

AMERICANS AND THE WAR

Lesson 3:

The War Effort

• American soldiers needed many supplies

to fight World War I. In order to create more supplies, the government set limits

on the amount of goods civilians could

have, such as meat. These limits were called rations.

• Additionally, the government used

propaganda to remind civilians to help

with the war. Propaganda is information that is used to shape people’s thinking.

Changes in the Workforce

• The war brought new opportunities for

women and African Americans as well. Many of them made weapons, repaired

cars, delivered the mail, and directed

traffic.

• Women began to speak out more and in 1919, the Senate passed the 19th

Amendment allowing women to vote. It

was not until 1920 that the states approved this amendment. (Please

remember that women did not gain

the right to vote until 1920)

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The War Ends

• When the Americans joined the war, they helped the allies win important battles. Because of this, the Central Powers realized that they could not win the war and signed an armistice.

• An armistice is an agreement to stop fighting. The war ended on November 11, 1918.

The Treaty of Versailles

• In January of 1919, leaders of the Allied

countries met to write a treaty. The treaty to end the war was called the Treaty of

Versailles. This treaty blamed Germany

for the war and Germans ended up losing colonies, they had to give land to France,

and they had to pay money to Allied

countries.

• As a result of this treaty, the League of Nations was also created in order to have

nations solve their problems peacefully.

Mind Your Own Business!

• Many Americans were horrified by the destruction of World War I.

• As a result, some began to believe in isolationism.

• People who believe in isolationismwant to stay out of world events.

• After World War I, the United States would avoid alliances and conflicts whenever it could.

THE END!!!