ch 4 skin problems
TRANSCRIPT
Skin Problems
Ch 4 Integument System
Warning: Graphic Pictures
Skin Problems – infections, allergies, or damages
1. Athlete’s Foot – mostly from fungal infection
1. Boils & CarbunclesBacterial infection & inflammation of hair
follicle.
• Boil = 1
• Carbuncle = several connected boils
2. Black & Whiteheads
• Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in a oil pore, makeup
• Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)
3. Cold Sores
• Caused by Herpes simplex virus I• Common, contagious, incurable
4. Contact Dermatitis• Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash• Non-contagious• Chronic – long term, reoccuring• Caused by contact with allergens or irritants,
exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even stress.
5. Impetigo
• Crusting skin infection
• Caused by staph and strep germs
• Pus filled blisters
• Highly contagious
6. Psoriasis• Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp
• Red patches covered with white scales
• Unknown cause; some think autoimmune disorder
• Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
7. Cyanosis
• Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails
• Due to reduced oxygen in blood
8. Burns
• Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
• Associated dangers- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Circulatory shock
Rules of Nines
• Way to determine the extent of burns
• Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate
• Each area represents ~ 9%
Burns are CRITICAL if…
• Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
• Over 10% has 3rd degree
• 3rd degree burns on face, hands, and/or feet
Scald Burn
Heat Burn
Chemical
Electrical
Sunburn
Contact Burn
Inhale Burn
9. Skin Cancer
Abnormal cell massTwo types1. Benign
-does not spread (encapsulated)2. Malignant
-Metastasized (moves) to other parts of body
Skin cancer is most common type of cancer.
3 types of Malignant Skin Cancer
A. Basal cell carcinoma- least malignant
- Most common- Arises from stratum basale
B. Squamous Cell Carcinoma- -arises from stratum spinosum- Metastasizes to lymph nodes- Early removal allows a good chance of cure
C. Malignant Melanoma
- Most deadly
- Cancer of melanocytes
- Metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels
- Detection uses ABCD rule.
ABCD RuleABCD Rule
A = Asymmetry – Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity – Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color – Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter – Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter