ch. 3-1: chemical compounds in cells key concepts: define elements and compounds. explain how water...
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Ch. 3-1: Chemical Compounds in CellsKey Concepts: Define elements and compounds. Explain how water is
important to the function of cells. Identify the four main kinds of organic compounds in living things.
Discover Activity: What is a Compound? See if you can match up the following compounds with their common names and
chemical names.
1. Sodium bicarbonate _______________________________________2. Calcium carbonate _______________________________________3. Sodium chloride _______________________________________4. Zinc oxide
_______________________________________5. Hydrogen oxide _______________________________________
Write a definition for what you think a chemical compound is: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elements and CompoundsAn element is any substance that
cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
When two or more elements combine chemically.
The smallest unit of any compound is called a molecule.
Water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water.
Elements
Compounds
Compound Called Water
Elements and Compounds
•Compounds that contain carbon.
•Compounds that don’t contain carbon.
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Organic CompoundsEnergy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Sugars: produced during food-making process that takes place in plants.
Starches: Complex carbohydrates that your body breaks down into glucose
that cells use to produce energy.Energy-rich organic compound made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Cells store energy in lipids for later use.
Example: hibernating bear
Carbohydrates
Examples of Carbohydrates
Lipids
Organic CompoundsLarge organic molecules made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur.
Made up of small molecules called amino acids.
The order of the amino acids determines the structure of the
different protein. Proteins form different structures of cells: cell membrane and different
organelles. Enzymes are proteins that speed up
chemical reactions.
Proteins
Structure of Proteins
Functions of Proteins
Organic Compounds•Very large organic molecules made of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
•Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
Plays an important role in the production of proteins.
Nucleic Acids
RNA
Genetic material that carries information about an organism and is
passed from parent to offspring. DNA
Section 3-1 Assessment1. a. What is an element?
b. How is a compound different from an element? c. A molecule of ammonia consists of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. Is ammonia an element or a compound? Explain.
2. a. What three important functions does water perform in cells? b. Suppose a cell is seriously deprived of water. How might this lack of water affect the cell’s enzymes? Explain.
3. a. What are four types of organic molecules found in living things? b. Which of the four types of organic molecules contain the element nitrogen? c. An organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Could this compound be a carbohydrate? Could it be a protein? Explain.