Ch 26 The Sun & the Solar System Review

• Name & describe the location of the layers of the sun. What happens in each layer? How does the temperature change?

• Describe the sun’s rotation.• What are sunspots? Why do they appear dark? How long is one cycle?• What is solar wind?• What happens during fusion? How many hydrogen nuclei are needed? How many helium nuclei form?

What is released? Where does fusion occur in the sun?• What happens to charged nuclei in plasma? Why?• Know how to calculate eccentricity.• • What is the “celestial sphere”?• Who developed the geocentric model of the universe? What does the geocentric model state?• Who developed the heliocentric model of the universe? What does the heliocentric model state?• What is retrograde motion? Why do we observe retrograde motion?• Who came up with the 3 laws of planetary motion? What does each law state/describe?• What shape are the planets’ orbits? Who discovered this?• Who described gravity & its effects on the planets? Which two factors affect the gravitation attraction

between objects? How do they affect gravitational attraction?• What is aphelion? What is perihelion?

• Ptolemy developed the _________________ model of the universe.

• geocentric

• Copernicus described the ________________ model of the solar system.

• heliocentric

• When a planet appears to move westward in the sky instead of eastward, we call this ___________________________?

• Retrograde motion

• Ancient observers believed that the stars traveled around earth on a transparent _________________________________.

• Celestial sphere

• The Earth was in the center of the universe in the _________________ model.

• geocentric

• The ____________ was in the center of the solar system in the heliocentri model.

• sun

• ___________ proposed 3 laws of planetary motion based on the work of his predecessor Tycho Brahe.– A. Newton– B. Galileo– C. Kepler– D. Copernicus– E. Brahe– F. Ptolemy

– C. Kepler

• What shape describes the path of a planet’s orbit?

• A (nearly circular) ellipse

• ______________ determined that gravity kept planets in their orbits.– A. Newton– B. Galileo– C. Kepler– D. Copernicus– E. Brahe– F. Ptolemy

– A. Newton

• _______________ determined that planetary orbits were actually elliptical.– A. Newton– B. Galileo– C. Kepler– D. Copernicus– E. Brahe– F. Ptolemy

– C. Kepler

• When Earth is closest to the sun it is called ___________.– A. Aphelion– B. Perihelion

• B. Perihelion

• When Earth is farthest from the sun it is called ___________.– A. Aphelion– B. Perihelion

– A. Aphelion

• Which layer of the sun is visible & radiates the light that we see?– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

– D. photosphere

• The ________ is the outermost layer of the sun.– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

• F. corona

• The _________ is the innermost layer of the sun.– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

• A. core

• The ________ is the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere & lies above the photosphere.– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

– E. chromosphere

• The lies around the core, is in the plasma state, & is cooler than the core.– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

• B. radiative zone

• In the ______________ rising & falling currents of plasma carry energy to the sun’s surface where it is radiated out into space as sunlight.– A. core– B. radiative zone– C. convection zone– D. photosphere– E. chromosphere– F. corona

– C. convection zone

• The corona gives off a stream of electrically charged particles called ____________.– A. granules– B. sun spots– C. solar wind– D. solar flares– E. solar prominences

• C. solar wind

• Sunspots are dark spots on the photosphere. The reason they appear dark is because they are (cooler/hotter) than the surrounding area.

• cooler

• On average, sunspot activity is at it’s peak every _________ years.

• 11

• Dense clouds of material suspended above the sun’s surface by magnetic fields that can erupt off the sun in a few minutes or hours, extending 1000s of km before falling back to the sun’s surface are ________________.– A. granules– B. sun spots– C. solar wind– D. solar flares– E. solar prominences

– E. solar prominences

• ____________ are otbursts of light that suddenly rise from areas of sunspot activity & can last minutes to hours & increase in # with an increase in the # of sunspots.– A. granules– B. sun spots– C. solar wind– D. solar flares– E. solar prominences

• D. solar flares

• In the photosphere ____________ which are the tops of the convection currents & May be 1,000 km wide & may last 20 minutes.– A. granules– B. sun spots– C. solar wind– D. solar flares– E. solar prominences

• A. granules

• Retrograde motion is observed because ____________.

• Planets orbit at different speeds (& one planet overtakes the other in its orbit)

• The distance and period of a planet can be calculated using the 3rd Law of planetary motion. Another name for this law is:– A. Equal area law– B. Harmonic law

• Harmonic law

• The gravitational attraction between two objects will be greatest is the objects have a (large/small) amount of mass and are (close together/far apart).

• Large & close together

• ____________ atoms join together in the sun’s core to form Helium.

• Hydrogen

• When atoms combine for form heavier elements it is called:– Fission– fusion

• fusion

• Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements:d = 5 cmL = 5 cm

Is there anything special about this ellipse?

• e = 1• It is a straight line.

• Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements:d = 0 cmL = 25 cm

Is there anything special about this ellipse?

• e = 0• It is a perfect circle.

• Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements:d = 15 cmL = 30 cm

Is there anything special about this ellipse?

• e = 0.5