Ch. 21:Ch. 21:ProgressivismProgressivism

Changing America politically, Changing America politically, economically, & socially/morallyeconomically, & socially/morally

21.1: The Currents of 21.1: The Currents of ProgressivismProgressivism

A. ProgressivesA. Progressives1.1. Social reformers – young, middleclass Social reformers – young, middleclass

people who tried helping out the poor and people who tried helping out the poor and address political corruption; “social address political corruption; “social consciousness”consciousness”

2.2. Political MovementsPolitical Movementsa.a. Ending corruption Ending corruption

b.b. Using business-like methods to governingUsing business-like methods to governing

c.c. Implement laws re: excessive industrialism Implement laws re: excessive industrialism

d.d. Regulation of private interest for public Regulation of private interest for public welfarewelfare

3.3. Laws are the vehicle for social Laws are the vehicle for social change/controlchange/control

4.4. Social justice + social control = Social justice + social control = progressivismprogressivism

B. Progressive WomenB. Progressive Women

1. Helping influence 1. Helping influence politics by defining politics by defining home as the home as the communitycommunity

2. Jane Addams 2. Jane Addams settlement house: settlement house:

“ “Hull House”Hull House”

2. Florence Kelly2. Florence Kelly

a. Women and children’s advocate

b. Limit work hrs

c. age restrictions

3. Julia Lathrop3. Julia Lathrop

Head of

U.S. Children’s Bureau

4. Lewis Hine: Progressive photographer on children's issues

C. Political Machines: C. Political Machines: “You scratch my back. I’ll scratch yours.”“You scratch my back. I’ll scratch yours.”

Keeping the “Machine” oiled!Keeping the “Machine” oiled!

Thomas Nast – Political CartoonistThomas Nast – Political Cartoonist

D. Urban Reform Wanted strong Mayors w/elected

board of commissioner

E. Changes in the West & South

1. “Wisconsin Idea”a. Direct Primaryb. Tougher tax ratesc. Improved civil

service coded. Regulation of RRe. Used academic

research to help people

Robert La Follette“Fighting Bob”

2. The West: Direct Democracy

a. Initiatives – the people bring up the issues they want addressed

b. Referendum – the people vote on the issue on a ballot

c. Recall – the people can vote out officials

d. 17th Amend – direct election of Senators

F. Muckrakers: Investigative reporters

Jacob Riis

Ida Tarbell

Upton Sinclair

1. Jacob Riis: 1. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

2. Magazines2. Magazines

a.a. Middle class Middle class readersreaders

b.b. Fiction, Fiction, science science technology, technology, traveltravel

c.c. Mobilized Mobilized public opinionpublic opinion

““Use everything but the squeal”Use everything but the squeal”

““I aimed at the public's heart, and by I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach."accident I hit it in the stomach."

Protecting Citizens & HealthProtecting Citizens & Health Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act

Strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackersStrict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers Another form of gov’t regulationAnother form of gov’t regulation

G. Intellectual TrendsG. Intellectual Trends

1.1. Social Social Sciences = self Sciences = self improvementimprovement

2.2. John DeweyJohn DeweySupporter of Supporter of education for education for children, not children, not workwork

3. 3. Mueller v. Oregon Mueller v. Oregon (1908)(1908)

a.a. Women’s work day should be limited/10 Women’s work day should be limited/10 hr day?hr day?

b.b. Contract not absoluteContract not absolutec.c. Social and physical conditions of women Social and physical conditions of women

need to be taken into acct. need to be taken into acct.

21.2 : Social Control and It’s Limit

A. The Prohibition MovementA. The Prohibition Movement

1.1. WCTUWCTU

a.a. stop selling alcoholstop selling alcohol

b.b. Women’s work = set moral standardsWomen’s work = set moral standards

2.2. Ethnic and cultural divide = prejudiceEthnic and cultural divide = prejudice

3. Carrie Nation3. Carrie Nation

a.a. Strong Strong advocate of advocate of prohibition.prohibition.

b.b. Would go into Would go into saloons and saloons and have at it with have at it with her hatchet!her hatchet!

B. The “Social Evil:” B. The “Social Evil:” ProstitutionProstitution

1.1. closing of closing of brothels/red brothels/red light districtlight district

2.2. Immigrants Immigrants blamedblamed

3.3. Mann Act:Mann Act: federal offense federal offense

to transport to transport women for women for “immoral “immoral purposes”purposes”

4.4. Economic Economic necessitynecessity

21.3: 21.3: Working Class Working Class

Communities and ProtestCommunities and Protest

A. Urban Ghettos & the A. Urban Ghettos & the Uprising of 20,000Uprising of 20,000

1.1. Women strikers Women strikers wanting union wanting union recognition and recognition and better wages and better wages and conditionsconditions

2.2. Didn’t happen but Didn’t happen but did give rise to did give rise to new women new women leaders and their leaders and their involvement in involvement in unions unions

B. Triangle Shirtwaist FireB. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

B. Triangle Shirtwaist FireB. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

1.1. Investigation Investigation ensuesensues

2.2. Owners never Owners never chargedcharged

3.3. Safety codes Safety codes and limited and limited work hrs for work hrs for women and women and childrenchildren

C. Pullman Company Town C. Pullman Company Town (1881)(1881)

1.1. Controlled all aspects of the community; Controlled all aspects of the community; social, personal, economicsocial, personal, economic

2.2. Mostly immigrants/high injury and death Mostly immigrants/high injury and death rates rates

Ludlow Massacre - *disregardLudlow Massacre - *disregard1.1. Strike at Colorado Strike at Colorado

Fuel and Iron Co.Fuel and Iron Co.

2.2. Nat’l Guard Nat’l Guard sent/sided w/ sent/sided w/ strikersstrikers

3.3. Fight breaks out Fight breaks out w/hired guardsw/hired guards

4.4. 14 dead/family 14 dead/family and workers and workers

5.5. Rockefeller, Jr. Rockefeller, Jr. ownerowner

6.6. Protests rampantProtests rampant

D. The AFL: “Unions, Pure and Simple”

1. skilled laborers

2. Favored N. and W. Europeans whites

Samuel Gompers

3. 3. Loewe v. Lawler Loewe v. Lawler (1908)AKA (1908)AKA Danbury Hatters’ CaseDanbury Hatters’ Case

a.a. Loewe’s co. was an Loewe’s co. was an “open shop;” did not “open shop;” did not allow for unionsallow for unions

b.b. Strike employed by Strike employed by workers and a workers and a nationwide boycott nationwide boycott ensuesensues

c.c. Sherman Antitrust Act Sherman Antitrust Act used against unions; used against unions; boycott interfered with boycott interfered with interstate tradeinterstate trade

Lawler union repLawler union rep

E. E. Industrial Workers of the WorldIndustrial Workers of the World aka Wobblies aka Wobblies

1.1. Allowed Allowed everyone, everyone, anyoneanyone

2.2. Rejects of the Rejects of the other unionsother unions

3.3. Socialists; their Socialists; their downfalldownfall

21.4:21.4:Women’s Movement and Women’s Movement and

Black AwakeningBlack Awakening

A. The New WomenA. The New Women

1.1. Educated/40% Educated/40% by 1910by 1910

2.2. Supported self Supported self improvementimprovement

3.3. Social Social housekeeperhousekeeper

4.4. Joined social and Joined social and political political organizationsorganizations

B. Margaret SangerB. Margaret Sanger

1.1. proponent of proponent of women having women having birth control birth control informationinformation

2.2. Her org. Her org. eventually eventually becomes what becomes what is now known is now known as Planned as Planned ParenthoodParenthood

C. RacismC. Racism

a belief or doctrine that a belief or doctrine that inherent inherent differences among the various differences among the various human races determine cultural or human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to race is superior and has the right to rule others. rule others.

D. Men U Need to KnowD. Men U Need to KnowBooker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

WEB DuboisWEB Dubois

E. Niagara MovementE. Niagara Movement

G. NAACP

Challenged the legal system re: civil rights and equality

21.5: National Progressivism

A. Theodore Roosevelt:A. Theodore Roosevelt:“The Modern President”“The Modern President”

“The Modern President”26th Pres. 1901-1909 (R)

1. Youngest president ever @ 42

2. Gov’t responsible for citizens

3. Powerful federal gov’t

B. TrustbustingB. Trustbusting

1.1. not all trusts were not all trusts were bad; only those bad; only those who hurt the public who hurt the public interestinterest

Steel, oil, beef, Steel, oil, beef, tobacco, RRtobacco, RR

2.2. Believed federal Believed federal gov’t had the right gov’t had the right to regulate big to regulate big businessbusiness

C. “Square Deal”

1. reform supported by the Roosevelt administration

ICC Elkins Act of 1903

Hepburn Act of 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

Meat inspection Act

D. Conservation vs. PreservationD. Conservation vs. PreservationProtection of natural resourcesProtection of natural resources

1.1. Conservation - Conservation - a.a. Use some, Use some,

save somesave someb.b. Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot

2.2. Preservation – Preservation – a.a. Use none, Use none,

save allsave allb.b. John MuirJohn Muir

3. 150 Forest 3. 150 Forest Preserves, 5 Preserves, 5 National ParksNational Parks

                    

  

E. Woodrow Wilson & “New Freedoms”

1. Break up trust; not regulate

2. Government s/b smaller not bigger

3. Break up big businesses

4. Not a supporter of civil rights for AA/said yes during campaign

28th Pres. 1913-1921 (D)

F. Wilson’s Federal Reserve System

Decentralized private banking system under federal control

G. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

1. Five member watchdoga. Investigated violations

b. Put an end to unfair business competition and practices

2. If illegal activity found, cease-and-desist order issued