The Origins of Islam

Chapter 2 vocabulary

• Allah• Hegira• Sharia law• Jihad• Greek fire

Muhammad

• Born in Mecca• Claimed to have vision from angel Gabriel• Wrote it down in the Qur’an• Teaches there is only one god – Allah (the god)• Formed the faith of Islam

Muhammad

• He was forced to leave Mecca because of his beliefs

• Fled to Medina• This move to Medina is called Hegira

Battle of Badr

• Muhammad attacked caravans for treasures

• The people of Mecca fought back

• Muhammad was outnumbered, but won

• Muhammad took control of Mecca and forced the people to accept Islam

Mecca

• Muhammad died. Who takes over Islam now?

Muhammad (died)

Abu Bakr (one of the first converts)

Uthmann (killed by his own troops)

Ali (Muhammad’s cousin)

Abu Bakr

• Abu Bakr defeated all who didn’t want to be Muslim

• The Wars of Apostasy were the battles between Islam and the people that didn’t want to be Islam anymore

Abu Bakr

Ali

• Islam split into two groups:1. Shiite – followed Ali2. Sunni – believed any worthy Muslim could be

leader

Ali

Books of Islam

• Qur’an – oral teachings of Muhammad• Hadith – Contains description of Muhammad’s

life • Muslims teach that the Bible contains false

teaching

What does Qur’an say about Jesus?

• Offensive to say that Jesus is God• It denies Christ’s death on the cross

What does Qur’an say about Salvation?

• It says salvation is earned by doing good works• There is a large scale and the good works have

to outweigh the bad• Allah has the final word if you go to Paradise

or Hell

5 Pillars of Islam

1. Repeat the creed “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah.”

2. Daily practice of prayer3. Almsgiving4. Fasting5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a

lifetime

• http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/accessislam/lessonplan2_procedure.html

During Pilgrimage

1. Circle the Ka’bah seven times2. Run 7 times between the two hills of Mecca3. Travel 13 miles to the place where

Muhammad is believed to have preached his last sermon

4. Travel to a village to throw seven stones at pillars said to represent Satan

5. Repeat steps 1 and 2

The Ka’bah

Islamic Law

• Sharia law – system of divine law, belief, or practice that shapes all life

• Sharia law often results in harsh punishments

What does Jihad mean?

• Muslims are required to jihad (which means to strive hard)

• Some think it means to strive to be a good Muslim

• Most think it means to kill or subdue non-believers

The Trinity

• The trinity in Islam is 1. The father2. Jesus3. Mary

• The trinity in Christianity is 1. The father2. The son3. Holy Spirit