ch. 2 photosynthesis (ps) and light. c 4 photosynthesis 3 patterns: –c 3 ps –c 4 ps –cam ps...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light
![Page 2: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
C4 Photosynthesis• 3 patterns:
– C3 Ps
– C4 Ps
– CAM Ps
• Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis)
C4 photosynthesis
![Page 3: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
C4 leaf anatomy• Kranz anatomy (“wreath:” German):
![Page 4: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
C4 pathway• Mesophyll fix CO2 New enzyme (PEP carboxylase)
![Page 5: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
C4 pathway• PEP carboxylase:
Why calledC4 Ps?
![Page 6: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
C4 pathway• BSC: Reaction reversed….• CO2 to• Pyruvate to
C shuttle!!
Calvin Cycle (Rubisco)
![Page 7: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
C4 pathway• C fixation & Ps
![Page 8: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
C4 pathway
• Advantages?
FFF?
![Page 9: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fatal Flaws of Fotosynthesis!
![Page 10: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
C4 advantages• Benefits:
– 1) PEP Carboxylase fix C
Photorespiration: A FFF!
![Page 11: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
C4 advantages• Benefits:
– 2) CO2 concentrated bundle sheath
![Page 12: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
C4 advantages• Benefits:
– 3) Less H20 loss.
Stoma
C4
Good sucker?
A FFF!
![Page 13: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
C4 advantages• Benefits:
– 4) Decrease Rubisco:– High NUE (nitrogen use efficiency):
Now:CAM
![Page 14: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CAM photosynthesis• CAM:• Crassulaceae: • Acid: Leaves
Diamorpha smallii(Crassulaceae)
![Page 15: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Leaf anatomy• Succulent
![Page 16: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Leaf anatomy• Mesophyll• Cells large: • Vascular bundle sheath
![Page 17: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CAM pathway• Separates C fixation & Ps
Separation in space: C4
![Page 18: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CAM pathway• Night:
– Stomata open
– CO2 fixed:
Malic acid
![Page 19: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CAM pathway• Acid stored• Leaf pH
Acid drop inskateboarding
![Page 20: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CAM pathway• Day
– Stomata
– Reaction
– Ps: Calvin Cycle
![Page 21: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CAM pathway• Separates C fixation and Ps
Night Day
![Page 22: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CAM advantages• 1) PEP carboxylase fixes C:
photorespiration
![Page 23: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CAM advantages• 2) Stomata open night. Less water loss!
![Page 24: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CAM advantages• 3) Stomata closed day.
![Page 25: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CAM variation• Dependence on CAM varies• Some: • CAM & succulence
Fig. 2.14More succulence,More CAM
Aeonium arboreum
![Page 26: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CAM variation• Carbon cycling:
• Ex, Welwitschia mirabilis (Namib desert S. Africa)
• Gymnosperm: 2 leaves!
Some plants may be 1,000 yr old
![Page 27: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Taxa: most plants
• C4 plants:
• Exs:• Some grasses: Sugar cane (Saccharum spp.)
![Page 28: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Amaizing Facts*• Corn or maize (Zea mays)
*another cornyBoyd joke.....
![Page 29: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Dicots:
– Kudzu (Pueraria montana)
![Page 30: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Typical C4 plant habitat:
• In temperate areas: – winter/spring
– summer
![Page 31: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• % grass flora C4 in N. America
Fig. 2.18
![Page 32: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• CAM plants:
• Exs: many cacti (saguaro, cholla)
Saguaro “arms”
![Page 33: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Exs: Agave species
– Economic use??
![Page 34: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Exs: some Crassulaceae (Diamorpha smallii)
![Page 35: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CAM and Epiphytes• Epiphytes:
– Abundant tropical rain forests
![Page 36: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CAM and Epiphytes• Alabama• Spanish moss (Tillandsia
usneoides)• CAM plant:
![Page 37: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Exs: many
(esp. epiphytic ones)
![Page 38: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• CAM plants:
![Page 39: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Trait C3 C4 CAM
• Max. Ps rate
Fig. 2.12
![Page 40: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Trait C3 C4 CAM
• Max. growth rate• (optimal conditions)
![Page 41: Ch. 2 Photosynthesis (Ps) and Light. C 4 Photosynthesis 3 patterns: –C 3 Ps –C 4 Ps –CAM Ps Minimize FFF (fatal flaws of fotosynthesis) C 4 photosynthesis](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051402/5697bfd11a28abf838cab529/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Comparing C3, C4, CAM plants• Trait C3 C4 CAM
• Optimum Ps temperature
Fig. 2.11