ch. 2 – neuroscience. activepsych: classroom activities project / copyright © 2007 by worth...

Ch. 2 – NeuroscienceCh. 2 – Neuroscience

ActivePsych: Classroom Activities Project / Copyright © 2007 by Worth Publishers

Today’s coming attractionsToday’s coming attractions

How do you think?How do you think?

What is a neuron?What is a neuron?

How do neurons communicate?How do neurons communicate?

How do we record the brain’s structure, How do we record the brain’s structure, function, and electrical activity?function, and electrical activity?


How do neurons How do neurons communicate?communicate?

What is the relationship between What is the relationship between psychology, biology, chemistry, and psychology, biology, chemistry, and electricity?electricity?

Movie DVD#1 Neural communicationMovie DVD#1 Neural communication

What do you think might occur if the What do you think might occur if the transmission of neurotransmitters across transmission of neurotransmitters across the synapse was blocked?the synapse was blocked?

What if it was facilitated?What if it was facilitated?


How do neurons How do neurons communicate?communicate?

Synaptic gap?Synaptic gap?

NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters– EndorphinsEndorphins– SSRI’sSSRI’s

Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

For depressionFor depression


NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters


If you touch a hot stove, what If you touch a hot stove, what happens?happens?

Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system

Central nervous Central nervous systemsystem


The peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system consists of: consists of:

A. association areas.A. association areas.

B. the spinal cord.B. the spinal cord.

C. the reticular formation.C. the reticular formation.

D. sensory and motor neurons.D. sensory and motor neurons.


If you see a rattlesnake, what If you see a rattlesnake, what happens?happens?

Sympathetic systemSympathetic system

Parasympathetic systemParasympathetic system


If the Dr. taps you on the knee, If the Dr. taps you on the knee, what is he testing for?what is he testing for?


You want to record the brain’s You want to record the brain’s electrical activity.electrical activity.

What method would you use?What method would you use?

EEG = ElectroencephalogramEEG = Electroencephalogram

What does it do?What does it do?


Name That Brain Name That Brain DamageDamage

Damage to certain areas of the Damage to certain areas of the brain can cause specific deficits in brain can cause specific deficits in behavior. This activity links specific behavior. This activity links specific

brain areas with their functions.brain areas with their functions.

Acknowledgements: This activity was written by Antoinette R. Miller, Clayton State University


Overview of Brain Anatomy:Overview of Brain Anatomy:(1) Lower Brain Structures(1) Lower Brain Structures

[[ “life support”“life support” ]]

[sleep/wake][sleep/wake]

[sensation][sensation]



[coordination [coordination and balance]and balance]



{[hunger[hunger

thirstthirst body temperaturebody temperature

sexual behavior]sexual behavior]

[anger and fear][anger and fear] [memory][memory]


Overview of Brain Anatomy:Overview of Brain Anatomy:(4) Cerebral Cortex(4) Cerebral Cortex

[vision][vision]

[touch/sensation][touch/sensation]

[movement[movement // speech (left)]speech (left)]

[hearing; comprehension (left)][hearing; comprehension (left)]


What is a Lesion?What is a Lesion?

Lesion Lesion = = tissue destruction.tissue destruction.

Damage to a brain structure (or to multiple structures) Damage to a brain structure (or to multiple structures) may affect a person’s behavior or abilities. may affect a person’s behavior or abilities.

Damage may be deliberate (experimental) or Damage may be deliberate (experimental) or accidental (head injury, stroke, etc.)accidental (head injury, stroke, etc.)


Case Study 1Case Study 1: Patient JP suffered a minor : Patient JP suffered a minor stroke recently. Although he has recovered stroke recently. Although he has recovered most of his function, he still is unable to most of his function, he still is unable to speak clearly. He sounds stilted, and speak clearly. He sounds stilted, and almost “Tarzan-like.”almost “Tarzan-like.”

A.A. parietal lobe parietal lobe

B.B. hippocampushippocampus

C.C. cerebellumcerebellum

D.D. frontal lobefrontal lobe


A.A. occipital lobe occipital lobe

B.B. spinal cordspinal cord

C.C. hippocampushippocampus

D.D. reticular formationreticular formation

Case Study 2Case Study 2: Patient GN recently was : Patient GN recently was struck in the head with a crowbar. Although struck in the head with a crowbar. Although her eyes were undamaged, she is now her eyes were undamaged, she is now unable to see.unable to see.


Case Study 3Case Study 3: Patient AF is suffering : Patient AF is suffering from a brain tumor. As the tumor from a brain tumor. As the tumor grows, he is becoming increasingly grows, he is becoming increasingly belligerent and aggressive. He also belligerent and aggressive. He also seems to have no fear when seems to have no fear when confronted with threats or danger.confronted with threats or danger.

A.A. temporal lobe temporal lobe

B.B. amygdalaamygdala

C.C. medullamedulla

D.D. cerebellumcerebellum


A.A. pituitary gland pituitary gland

B.B. spinal cordspinal cord

C.C. parietal lobeparietal lobe


Case Study 4Case Study 4: Patient BB, ironically : Patient BB, ironically enough, has been shot in the head with enough, has been shot in the head with a BB gun. The BB is now lodged in her a BB gun. The BB is now lodged in her brain, and she has lost feeling in her brain, and she has lost feeling in her left hand.left hand.


Case Study 5Case Study 5: Patient PD suffers from an : Patient PD suffers from an extreme seizure disorder. Doctors have extreme seizure disorder. Doctors have located the source of the seizures. To located the source of the seizures. To prevent PD’s death, they have surgically prevent PD’s death, they have surgically removed the affected area. While PD’s removed the affected area. While PD’s seizures have lessened considerably, he seizures have lessened considerably, he is now unable to form new memories.is now unable to form new memories.

A.A. hippocampus hippocampus

B.B. occipital lobeoccipital lobe

C.C. thalamusthalamus



A.A. reticular formation reticular formation

B.B. amygdalaamygdala

C.C. temporal lobetemporal lobe

D.D. CerebellumCerebellum

Case Study 6Case Study 6: Patient FD has suffered : Patient FD has suffered a minor stroke. Now, she is extremely a minor stroke. Now, she is extremely uncoordinated and seems to have uncoordinated and seems to have completely lost her sense of balance.completely lost her sense of balance.


A new superhero emerges on the scene. This A new superhero emerges on the scene. This superhero is able to stay awake and vigilant superhero is able to stay awake and vigilant for extended amounts of time. He helps the for extended amounts of time. He helps the intelligence community by being able to stay intelligence community by being able to stay in surveillance for extended amounts of time in surveillance for extended amounts of time without losing concentration and can always without losing concentration and can always be paying attention to what is happening. A be paying attention to what is happening. A study of this superhero’s brain might show study of this superhero’s brain might show that the ____________ is more advanced and that the ____________ is more advanced and

developed than a non-superhero’s.developed than a non-superhero’s.A. frontal lobeA. frontal lobeB. amygdalaB. amygdalaC. reticular formationC. reticular formationD. occipital lobeD. occipital lobe


You are a neurologist in a large hospital. You are a neurologist in a large hospital. The wife of a construction worker visits The wife of a construction worker visits you and describes that her husband has you and describes that her husband has

experienced a serious injury to his experienced a serious injury to his frontal lobe. She is perplexed by his frontal lobe. She is perplexed by his

behavior. Which of the following would behavior. Which of the following would you tell her is “normal behavior” for a you tell her is “normal behavior” for a

person with frontal lobe damage?person with frontal lobe damage?A. not much decline in memory or intelligenceA. not much decline in memory or intelligence

B. poor judgmentB. poor judgment

C. irritability and other personality changesC. irritability and other personality changes

D. ALL of these are commonly seen in frontal lobe damage D. ALL of these are commonly seen in frontal lobe damage


Which of the following Which of the following activities is NOT primarily a activities is NOT primarily a

function of the left function of the left hemisphere?hemisphere?

A. listening to a piano concertoA. listening to a piano concerto

B. reading your psychology bookB. reading your psychology book

C. reading junk mailC. reading junk mail

D. listening to a poetry reading D. listening to a poetry reading


As Allison reaches for a box in her As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out jumps a big spider. Her garage, out jumps a big spider. Her

heart immediately begins to race as she heart immediately begins to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she withdraws her hand, but soon she

realizes that the spider is harmless, and realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins to calm down. Which part of she begins to calm down. Which part of

her nervous system is responsible for her nervous system is responsible for brining her back to a normal state of brining her back to a normal state of

arousal?arousal?A. sympathetic nervous systemA. sympathetic nervous systemB. somatic nervous systemB. somatic nervous systemC. parasympathetic nervous systemC. parasympathetic nervous systemD. skeletal nervous systemD. skeletal nervous system


If Dr. Barnes wanted to cause a If Dr. Barnes wanted to cause a cat to take on an attack posture, cat to take on an attack posture,

which of the cat’s brain which of the cat’s brain structures should he electrically structures should he electrically

stimulate?stimulate?A. amygdalaA. amygdala

B. hypothalamusB. hypothalamus

C. hippocampusC. hippocampus

D. cerebellumD. cerebellum


Consider This…Consider This…

What other methods are available to What other methods are available to researchers trying to link brain areas to researchers trying to link brain areas to functions?functions?

Do you think using studies of lesions’ effects Do you think using studies of lesions’ effects on behavior is the most reliable method?on behavior is the most reliable method?

Which brain area would you consider the Which brain area would you consider the most terrible to lose?most terrible to lose?

ch. 2 – neuroscience. activepsych: classroom activities project / copyright © 2007 by worth...

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