Ch. 2 - Classification of Matter

I. Describing MatterPhysical PropertyPhysical ChangeChemical ChangeChemical Property

MATTER

A. Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity.

can be used to separate mixtures

EX: magnetism, density

B. Physical Change

A change in the form of a substance without changing its identity.

properties remain the same

reversible

can be used to separate mixtures

EX: dissolving, grinding

C. Chemical Change

A change in the identity of a substance. properties change irreversible Signs: color change, formation of a

gas/solid, release of light/heat EX: burning, rusting

D. Chemical Property

A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change.

EX: flammability, reactivity

Ch. 2 - Classification of Matter

II. Composition of MatterMatter FlowchartPure SubstancesMixtures

MATTER

A. Matter Flowchart

MATTERCan it be separated by

physical means?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be decomposed by chemical means?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

B. Pure Substances

Element matter composed of identical atoms EX: copper

B. Pure Substances

Compound matter composed of 2 or

more elements in a fixed ratio

properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: salt (NaCl)

C. Mixtures

Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) even distribution of components very small particles particles never settle EX: saline solution

C. Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture uneven distribution of components colloids and suspensions EX: granite

C. Mixtures

Colloid medium-sized particles Tyndall effect - particles

scatter light (looks cloudy) particles never settle EX: milk

C. Mixtures

Suspension large particles particles scatter light particles will settle

(needs to be shaken) EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade