ch. 13-2 discoveries and inventions. * 7.10.2 understand the significance of the new scientific...
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Ch. 13-2 Discoveries and Inventions
*The Scientific Revolution
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*Standards
*7.10.2 Understand the significance of the new scientific theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer).
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*Main Ideas
*The discovery of the Americas led to scholars to doubt ancient Greek ideas
*Advances in astronomy were key events of the Scientific Revolution
*Sir Isaac Newton developed laws that explained much of the natural world
*New inventions helped scientists study the natural world
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*The Big Idea
*During the Scientific Revolution, new ideas and inventions changed the nature of knowledge
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*Key Terms
*Nicolaus Copernicus
*Tycho Brahe
*Johannes Kepler
*Galileo Galilei
*Sir Isaac Newton
*barometer
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*I. Discovery Leads to Doubt
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*Identify: Name two Greek rationalists that
European scholars studied during the
Renaissance.
*Aristotle
*Ptolemy
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*Draw Conclusions: How did the discovery of the
Americas alter the views European scholars had of other Greek authorities?
*If Ptolemy’s long-held beliefs were wrong, other Greek thinkers might be, too.
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*What event first caused Renaissance scholars
to doubt ancient Greek thought?
*Columbus’s discovery of the Americas
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*Predict: Do you think Columbus changed his
mind about the accuracy of Ptolemy’s map? Why or
why not?
*No, because he didn’t realize that he hadn’t reached Asia
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*How did exploration
contribute to the Scientific
Revolution?
*Exploration led scholars to challenge the thoughts of the ancient Greeks
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*II. Advances in Astronomy
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*Identify: Who was the first astronomer to say
that planets orbit the sun?
*Copernicus
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*Why Nicolaus Copernicus not want to publish
his book?
*He was afraid of persecution or death at the hands of the church
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*Contrast: How did the views of Copernicus and
Kepler differ on the movement of the planets?
*Copernicus thought that the planets’ orbits were circular
*Kepler proved that the orbits are elliptical
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*Summarize: What did Tycho Brahe contribute
to the Scientific Revolution?
*He charted the positions of the stars
*He emphasized the importance of careful observations and detailed, accurate records
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*Copernicus’s ideas were
revolutionary because...
*He theorized that the planets orbited the sun
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*Identify: Who was Galileo Galilei?
*The first scientist to study the sky with a telescope
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*Why is Galileo known as the father of
experimental science?
*He was the first person to routinely use experiments to test theories
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*II. Sir Isaac Newton
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*Recall: What were Newton’s
basic accomplishments
?
*He reviewed everything scientists had been learning, coupled it with his own observations and ideas, and identified four theories that explained how the physical world works
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*How did Newton’s
work change the way people
thought about light?
*He showed that light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow
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*Draw Conclusions:
How was Newton’s law
of gravity connected to
discoveries about the
planets’ orbits?
*Gravity attracts objects to each other and thus keeps the planets in motion around the sun
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*Who created the law of gravity?
*Sir Isaac Newton
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*Why were Newton’s laws
important to modern science?
*The laws explained how the physical world worked
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*III. New Inventions
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Draw Inferences: Why do you think Galileo built
his own telescope?
*So that he could improve it
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* Identify: What were four important scientific
instruments created during the Scientific Revolution?
*Microscope
*Thermometer
*Telescope
*Barometer
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*Rank: Which of the four instruments do you
think has had the biggest impact on
scientific research?
*Possible answer – the microscope or telescope because each allowed scientists to see into previously unseen worlds