Ch 1. Continued, British N. America Ch 1. Continued, British N. America & the Colonies& the Colonies

Great change for all involved would mark the era of British settlement in North America. Colonists will fight among themselves & against the Indians. The seeds of rebellion would be planted……..

I hope they have a

Starbucks here.

Early SettlementsEarly Settlements

Early SettlementsEarly Settlements

• Jamestown, VA. 1607- founded by joint stock company (business) – Was to harvest

tobacco/other products

– Used indentured servants and slaves

Early SettlementsEarly Settlements• New England, 1620- founded by religious

Puritans • Society based on STRICT morals,

intolerant to other beliefs

– 1st landed in Plymouth, MA.

– Founded Massachusetts Bay Colony

– John Winthrop, major Puritan leader

– Had MAJOR issues with Natives

FINE! I’ll go to church!

WINTHROP!

• John Wintrhop:• “for wee must

Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us”

• Felt the Puritans had a mission to form a pure society to be a model for the world

Puritan Leader Dr. Cotton Mather:Puritan Leader Dr. Cotton Mather:

• “It was supposed that no less than 600 Pequot souls were brought down to Hell that day.”

• Used Bible verses like Romans 13:2 to justify murder of Natives who resisted them: ”Whosoever resisteth the power resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation

Early SettlementsEarly Settlements

• Dutch Colonies- settled in New Netherlands (New York, New Jersey), eventually sold land to British

• Quakers in Pennsylvania- led by William Penn, most open & accepting colony

• Rhode Island- founder Roger Williams promoted religious freedom, paid Indians for land

William Penn Williams

King Phillip’s WarKing Phillip’s War

• Indian alliance against settlers in New England in 1675

• Indian Chief Metacomet (nicknamed King Phillip by English) led Indians– Lasted 2 years, Indians

eventually wore down, lost– Set precedent that settlers would

slowly overtake Indian land through conflict

English Laws Clash with Indian English Laws Clash with Indian CustomCustom

• Maryland Indian response to English laws calling for an Indian accused of killing someone to report to an English court in Maryland (1635):– “It is the manner amongst us Indians, that if any such

accident happen, wee doe redeeme the life of a man that is so slaine, with 100 armes length of Beades and since that you are heere strangers, and come into our Countrey, you should rather conform yourselves to the Customes of our Countrey, than impose yours upon us…”

– Who do you think is right/why?

Colonial GrowthColonial Growth• Mercantilism- made colonies valuable to Europe

by mid-1700’s– Slave Labor increased in south

• Navigation Acts (1651)- tightened English control over colonists exports, annoyed colonists

Slave TradeSlave Trade

• Triangular Trade- transfer of slaves and goods between Caribbean/Colonies, Europe, Africa.– Middle Passage across

Atlantic was used.– Southern economies

used large # of field laborers

Triangular Trade, Middle PassageTriangular Trade, Middle Passage

Slave Ship Slave Ship QuartersQuarters

And you thought your childhood And you thought your childhood was rough?was rough?

EnlightenmentEnlightenment• Enlightenment (1700’s)- led to

more scientific research/thinking, pursuit of reason and science in understanding the world– Isaac Newton, Copernicus,

John Locke– Challenged religion– Thomas Jefferson proposed

idea of “natural rights” of man• Life, Liberty & Pursuit of

Happiness

Ben Franklin was a major Enlightenment thinker“Lighthouses are more helpful than churches.”

Ben Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac

Jefferson

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening• Great Awakening (1700’s)-

religious reaction to Enlightenment thinkers, commercialism, materialism in society

• Puritans & Christian thinkers felt society was threatened

• Led religious revival• Jonathan Edwards was a

major voice• “To go to Heaven…is infinitely

better than the most pleasant accommodations here”

– - Jon Edwards

Result of Great Result of Great Awakening/EnlightenmentAwakening/Enlightenment

• Open discussion/challenging of religious thought

• Led to questioning of authority of British Monarchy

• Central church authority weakened– New, smaller faiths and churches appear

French & Indian War, 1754French & Indian War, 1754• French related well w/Natives• Were fair in trade, didn’t try to change• French & Indians fought British for Ohio River Valley

1763, British win, gain Canada, central US and Miss. River

Result of French& Indian WarResult of French& Indian War• British Proclamation of

1763 – banned colonists from

expanding into Indian Territory

– Angered colonists and was ignored

• Colonists felt more “American” than British after war

• Indians suffered greatly, Pontiac led Indian rebellion but was crushed