Central DogmaDNA

Nucleus Ribosome

TranslationTranscription

ProteinRNA

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Central DogmaDNA

Nucleus Ribosome

TranslationTranscription

ProteinRNA

Remember this from yesterday??

Standard: explain the purpose and process of…translation

Essential Question: What is translation and what is its

purpose?

Central DogmaDNA

Nucleus Ribosome

TranslationTranscription

ProteinRNA

Remember this from yesterday??

Translation Intro

Central Dogma Analogy

DNA = master copy of building plansmRNA= blueprint for one room of building

Protein= actual bricks that make up the building

Nucleus = boss’ officeRibosome = job site (where the building is

actually built)

Translation:• The decoding of an

mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

• occurs on a ribosome (OUTSIDE the nucleus)

Steps:1. mRNA travels to the ribosome2. transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the

ribosome3. polypeptide (protein) is formed

How does tRNA know which amino acid to bring?

Codon:three consecutive mRNA bases

•tRNA looks for the codon that pairs with its anticodon

• the ribosome takes the amino acid and attaches it to the polypeptide chain

Anticodon:three complementary tRNA bases

ORDER MATTERS!order of DNA bases order of RNA bases order

of amino acids what protein is made

tRNA

mRNA

Amino acids

How to use the Codon Chart:

1. Use the left side to find the first letter in the codon

2. Use the top to find the second letter in the codon

3. Use the right side to find the third letter of the codon

4. Go to where ALL three overlap on the chart

Did you notice?: The codon “AUG” can specify methionine or serve as the “start” codon for protein

synthesis.

How to use the Codon Wheel:

1. Begin in the middle with the first letter of the codon

2. Go outward to the second letter in the codon

3. Go outward again to the third letter in the codon.

What other codons will tell the ribosome to stop putting amino acids together? What DNA sequences will give you these codes?

Codon Bingo!Directions For Playing:

If a codon (example: AAG) is called out, you must find the amino acid.

If an amino acid (example: serine) is called out, you must find the codon.

Hint! When finding a codon, there may be more than one answer…you can count all possible answers on your card!