cellular telephony future - electrical engineering and...
TRANSCRIPT
8/30/2011
1
Cellular TelephonyCellular TelephonyPastPastPastPast
PresentPresentFutureFuture
Victor MatosCleveland State University
Universidad de Costa Rica
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
What is a Cellular Phone?What is a Cellular Phone?
Oversimplifying…
Cellular phone = radio + computer*
2222
= +
8/30/2011
2
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
Benefits of Using Cellular PhonesBenefits of Using Cellular Phones
Cell phones are indispensablefor today’s mobile work‐force and society at large.y g
Why?
Global instant communication and data exchange.
3333
Risks of Using Cellular PhonesRisks of Using Cellular Phones
• Easy to misplace or to have stolen.
• Unwanted access to private information (if )fallen in the wrong hands).
• Potential victims of malware, intrusion, virus attacks.
• Could receive spam (unwanted messages).
4444
• Risk of eavesdropping.
• Surreptitious location tracking and monitoring.
8/30/2011
3
Decision: Using Cellular PhonesDecision: Using Cellular Phones
Adoption: Benefits outweigh risks!
5555
Mobile Phone EvolutionMobile Phone Evolution
1876
• Alexander Graham Bell became the first to receive a patent for this the electric phone.
1936
• Alfred Gross. Case Tech / Case Western Reserve University. Invented/Patented Walkie‐talkie, CB radio, Telephone Pager.
1975• Dr. Martin Cooper invented first commercial portable Motorola radio phone
Chester Gould
2007
• iPhone
• Android – G1
6666
8/30/2011
4
Telephony Technology 1936
http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Consumers/Corporate/US‐EN/_Documents/Motorola_History_Timeline.pdf
Bell Phone 1934‐1936
Police CruiserRadio Receiver
7
Ford Model 68‐730. Dated 1936
Radio Receiver1936
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
Cell Phone FrequenciesCell Phone Frequencies
Early 1G Networks
POSITIVE:Mobile users can access the telecommunication network.
NEGATIVE:Only a few radio telephones could connect to the central
8888
city antenna tower.
70 Km
8/30/2011
5
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
ChannelsChannels
Splitting Frequencies
A cell‐phone carrier typically p yp ygets 832 radio frequencies to use in a city.
To avoid collisions a single cell uses 1/7 of the available duplex voice channels (832 / 7 ≈ 118 / 2 = 56 )
99999
In other words, in any cell, only 56 people can be talking on their cell phone at one time.
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
Cell Phone FrequenciesCell Phone Frequencies
Great idea!!!
The core idea of the cellular system is the division of a city into small cells.
Each hexagonal cell covers approx. 10 sq miles (26 km2)
1010101010
Because cell phones and base stations use low‐power transmitters, the same frequencies can be reused in non‐adjacent cells. The two dark purple cells can reuse the same frequencies.
8/30/2011
6
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
Placing a Phone Call Placing a Phone Call cont.cont.
HAND OFF. As you travel, the signal is passed from cell to cell.
1111111111
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
ChannelsChannels
G‐volution
1G – First‐generation networks used analog devices (56 channels) g g ( )
2G – Uses digital transmission methods. Number of channels increases. For example, a TDMA‐based digital system can carry three times as many calls as an analog system ( 168 channels ).
3G ‐ Allows simultaneous use of speech and data services.
12121212
4G – Same as 3G + Broadband + faster speeds than 3G (slow mobile users will operate around 1Gbps, fast moving 50 Mbps)
5G ‐ …
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access, as used in SGM
8/30/2011
7
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
How do cellular phones work?How do cellular phones work?
Roaming
Let's say you're on the phone and you move
Kolbi: ICE
from one cell to another ‐‐ but the cell you move into is covered by another service provider, not yours.
Instead of dropping the call, it'll actually be handed off to the other service provider. This
is called roaming.
Verizon
13131313
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
How do cellular phones work?How do cellular phones work?
Your turn…
What do you yexpect to have in a cell phone 10 years from now?
1414141414
8/30/2011
8
The Maturing Mobile ExperienceI want my 2015 Smartphone to act as …
1. Phone / Pager2. PDA Organizer3. High Quality Camera (still & video)4. Portable music player / Portable TV / Video Player / Radio5. Laptop6. Knowledge Assistant7. Play Station8. GPS 9. Translator / Interpreter10. Golf Caddy (ball retriever too)11. Book Reader (I don’t read, It reads to me)12 C / H / Offi K12. Car / Home / Office Key13. Remote Control (Garage, TV, …)14. Credit Card / Driver’s License / Passport / Air plane tickets15. Cash on Demand16. Cook, house chores 17. Psychologist / Mentor / Adviser 18. Dance instructor19. ???? 15
Mobile Market Player$
Stakeholders:
Mobile network operators want
Operators
SoftwareDevice
to lock down their networks, controlling and metering traffic.
Device manufacturers want to differentiate themselves with features, reliability, and price points.
VendorsManufacturers
16
Software vendors want complete access to the hardware to deliver cutting‐edge applications.
8/30/2011
9
Open Handset AllianceOperators Software Co. Commercializat. Semiconductor Handset Manf
China Mobile Ascender Corp. Aplix Audience ACERChina UnicomKDDI Corp.NTT DoCoMoSprint NextelT‐MobileTelecom ItaliaTelefónicaVodafoneSoftbank
eBayEsmertecGoogleLivingImageNMS Comm.Nuance Comm.PacketVideoSkyPopSONiVOX
Noser EngineeringAstonishing TribeWind River SystemsOmron Software…Teleca
Broadcom Corp.Intel Corp.Marvell Tech.GroupNvidia Corp.QualcommSiRF Tech. HoldingsSynapticsTexas Instr.AKM Semicond
ASUSHTCLGMotorolaSamsungASUSTekGarminHuawei Tech…
…Ericsson
…Borqs
AKM Semicond.ARMAtheros Comm...EMP
Sony EricssonToshiba
17
The Android Platform
• Android is a software environment built for mobile devices.
• It is not a hardware platform.• Android includes:
• Linux kernel‐based OS, • a rich UI, • telephone functionality, • end‐user applications, • code libraries,code libraries, • application frameworks, • multimedia support, ...
• User applications are built for Android in Java.
18
8/30/2011
10
Android Components
19
The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone‐overshare
1 4bn
480 mPapers
2009 Mobile market compared to other
h l4 bn
Mobile Phone worldwide(half the
population of the planet)
1.5bnTelevisions worlwide
1.4bn Internet usersworldwide
technologies
7.13%Traded Stocks and
Financial
6.69%Movie information
5.33%Business Directory
20
48.7%News and Sport Information
20.21%Social
Networking
11.94%Entertainment
News
Content accessed from mobile phones
8/30/2011
11
2009 Mobile Revenue
The $ize of the Mobile Market – 2009
Revenue Year 2009
Mi ft
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone‐oversharehttp://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar09/10k_fr_bal.htmlExxon Mobil 2009 Summary Annual Report2010 Toyota Annual Report (pp 12)
$600 bnVoice
$130 bnMessaging
$70 bnNon‐messaging
Microsoft $78bn
Toyota Motors$204bn
Exxon Mobil
21
Exxon Mobil$301bn
Revenue is the collective amount of income made by a company (usually from the sales of goods & services)
The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone‐overshare
2009 Mobile Search Market
97.57%Google
1.94% Yahoo
0.63% Other
2.43%
22
0.25% Ask
0.11% MSM
8/30/2011
12
Appendix. The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone‐overshare
2009
How SMS compares as a text communication
3.05 bnSMS users worldwide
2.6 SMS per day per person world
average
the most used communication
600 mIM users worldwide
application
232323
tool of the planet
1.3 bnEmail users worldwide
The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone‐overshare
13%
2009 Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide
19%RIM
13%iPhone
9%Windows
6% Other
2%
24
51%Symbian
2%Android
8/30/2011
13
The Size of the Mobile Market – Q2 / 2010Extracted from: http://www.businessinsider.com/android‐iphone‐market‐share‐2010‐8
Microsoft5%
Others5%
Google17%
RIM18%
2525
Nokia41%
Apple14%
The Size of the Mobile Market – Q4 / 2010Extracted from http://www.canalys.com/pr/2011/r2011013.pdf
RIM
Microsoft 3.1%
Others, 2.9%
Google32.9%
Apple16.0%
RIM 14.6%
Combined sales in Q4 300 million units
2626
Nokia30.6%
8/30/2011
14
The Size of the Mobile Market – Q2 / 2011Extracted from http://www.channelinsider.com/c/a/Messaging‐and‐Collaboration/Android‐Smartphone‐Marketshare‐Grows‐NPD‐Report‐469609/
Windows, WebOs, 5%
Others, 3%
Android, 52%
iPhone , 29%
RIM, 11%
2727
,
New Products for the 2011 Year
Motorola Atrix 4G (ATT Store)Dual‐core processor ‐ 1 GB RAM
2828Tablets
8/30/2011
15
Cell‐Phone Diffusion
Dr. Lyza LythMama Justine & Children
29
Tanzania, October 2010
Thanks for being hereThanks for being here
Cellular PhonesCellular PhonesPastPast
PresentPresentFutureFuture
Questions?Questions?
30
8/30/2011
16
1. Android – How‐do‐cellular‐phones‐work
How do Cell Phones Work?How do Cell Phones Work?
Credits (on line books available at books.google.com)
Link: How Stuff Works h // l h ff k / ll h hLink: How Stuff Works http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell‐phone1.htm
Principles of Information Systems. Ralph M. Stair, George Reynolds, George W. Reynolds ‐ Course Technology, 2009
How Do Cell Phones Work?Richard Hantula, Debra Voege ‐ Chelsea Clubhouse Publisher, 2009
Guidelines on Cell Phone and PDA Security: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology By Wayne Jansen, Karen Scarfone, National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), 2009
3131313131
RF measurements for cellular phones and wireless data systemsAllan W. Scott, Rex Frobenius ‐ Ed. J. Wiley, 2008
RF engineering for wireless networks: hardware, antennas, and propagationDaniel Mark Dobkin. Elsevier Inc., 2005
Cell Phones: Invisible Hazards in the Wireless AgeGeorge Louis Carlo, Martin Schram ‐ 2002
Cellular TelephonyCellular TelephonyCellular TelephonyCellular TelephonyPastPast
PresentPresentFutureFuture
32
Victor MatosCleveland State University
Universidad de Costa Rica