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SEMINAR ON

3G CELLULAR TELEPHONY

Presented by—

Mayank Tiwari Satish Chandra Rabha Ranjan PhukanB.Tech 6th Sem B.Tech 6th Sem B.Tech 6th SemRoll No-15 Roll No-04 Roll No-02

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR

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ContentsIntroduction to cellular telephony.Introduction to 3G technology.History of 3G cellular telephony.Evolution of 3G telephony.Technologies.Applications.Advantages.Problems with 3G.Next to 3G.Present and future perspective.Summary.

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Introduction Cellular telephony derives its

name from the partition of a geographic area into small cells.

Each cell is covered by A local radio transmitter and A receiver.

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Cellular Network StructureMSC is the component of a GSM system

that carries out call switching and mobility management functions for mobile phones roaming on the network of base stations.

It is owned and deployed by mobile phone operators and allows mobile devices to communicate with each other and telephones in the wider Public Switched Telephone Network or (PSTN).

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Structure of Cellular Network

MSC-Mobile Switching Center.

MSCMSC

Public (Wired)TelephoneNetwork

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Cellular Telephony-Cellular telephony encompasses

the use of cellular phones to place voice calls, exchange short messages, transmit data, browse the web, and issue multimedia calls.

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Difference with Landline TelephonyMobile subscriber can talk while

on move without any disruption.The nearest base station will

provide the service to him.Handoff may take place between

base stations.

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Introduction to 3G Technology

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication.

Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

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Introduction to 3G Technology3G allows simultaneous use of

speech and data services and higher data rates (at least 200 kbit/s peak bit rate to fulfill to IMT-2000 specification).

Today's 3G systems can offer practice of up to 14.0 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink.

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History of 3G Cellular TelephonyFirst pre-commercial 3G network was

launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology.

First commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001.

First commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology.

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History of 3G Cellular TelephonyIn December 2007, 190 3G networks

were operating in 40 countries.In 2008, India launched 3G service.It was launched by Mahanagar

Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)in Delhi and Mumbai.

BSNL is providing 3G license and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010.

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Evolution of 3G Cellular Telephony-

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1G cellular systemsFirst commercial cellular network

was Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) network(1981).

Advanced Mobile Phone Service(AMPS) developed in United States(1983).

These were analog cellular systems.

It is referred to as first generation or 1G.

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2G Cellular Systems• Digital systems were invented due to

Increase in cellular subscribers.Increase in the need for increased network

capacity.

• The European initiated Global System for mobile communication (GSM).

• United States initiated Code Division Multiple Access.(CDMA).

• These digital systems form the second generation cellular system or 2G.

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2.5 G cellular Systems2G has the following

disadvantages:Single voice channel.Only one wireless bearer slot of a GSM

carrier band is allocated.Transfer rate is limited to 9.6 kbps.Subscriber is charged for voice calls on a

connection-time basis.

An improvement was made by using multiple bearer slots for the same call.

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2.5 G cellular SystemsFor better data services, General

packet Radio Service(GPRS) was developed.

It can inter-work with external packet data networks such as Internet.

Faster data transfer rate near about 115 kbps was achieved.

It forms the 2.5G cellular systems.

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3G Cellular SystemsEvolution towards third generation

was driven by the need of:Higher capacity.Faster data rates.Better quality of service.

Also it was required to resolve many incompatibilities, such as

Mobile roaming between different systems.

These problems were also resolved by 3G.

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1G(Analog)

NMT

AMPS

TACS

3G(Wideband)

IMT-2000

2G(Digital)

GSM900/1800/1900

CDMA IS-95

TDMA IS-136

PDC

Evolution of Mobile Communications

Evolution of Mobile Communications

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Technologies3G Technologies:

WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrier

UMTS – TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

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UMTS-FDD / WCDMAWideband Direct Sequence Code

Division Multiple Access.Does not assign a specific

frequency to each user. Instead every channel uses the

full available spectrum. Individual conversations are

encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence.

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CDMA2000CDMA2000 1x system offers higher

bit rates compared to CDMAOne (approximately 144 kbps).

CDMA20001x-EvDO (evolution data optimized) allocates separate 1.25 MHz wireless carrier for data.

CDMA20001x-EvDV(evolution data and voice) recombines data and voice into single wireless carrier, for real time data exchange.

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UMTS – TDDUniversal Mobile

Telecommunications System(UMTS) - time-division duplexing(TDD).

It is a 3GPP standardized version of UMTS networks.

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TD-SCDMATime Division Synchronous Code

Division Multiple Access.Time division duplex (TDD)Good match for asymmetrical traffic.Single spectral band (1.6 MHz)

possibleCosts relatively low

Handset smaller and may cost lessPower consumption lowerTDD has the highest spectrum efficiency

Power amplifiers must be very linearRelatively hard to meet specifications.

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3G CapabilitiesVoice quality comparable to the public switched

telephone network.144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles.384 Kbps- moving slowly over small areas.Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useSymmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission

rates.Support for both packet switched and circuit

switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time video.

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ApplicationsMobile TV – a provider redirects a

TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched.

Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.

Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.

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ApplicationsTele-medicine – a medical

provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.

Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.

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AdvantagesIt provides

faster connectivity, faster internet access, and music entertainment with improved

quality.

3G Mobile phone can be used as a modem for computer and can mail the important documents. 

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AdvantagesImproved digital voice communications. Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rateGreater subscriber capacity.Fast packet-based data services like e-

mail, short message service (SMS), and Internet access at broadband speeds.

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AdvantagesMost carriers also expect consumers

to want : location services interactive gaming streaming video home monitoring and control

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Problems with 3GNo killer application for wireless data as

yet.Vendor-driven.The original goal of 3G is to provide a

worldwide standard, but along the way, money got the better of common sense. 

Basex released a report saying companies need to prepare their plan for the 3G wireless world as soon as they can. The report believes there are many problems facing mobile telecom industry on 3G standard, how to adopt it.

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3G VisionUniversal global roamingMultimedia (voice, data & video)Increased data rates

384 kbps while moving2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations

Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)

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What next after 3G?

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRS/EDGE(2.5G)

• The future path has fractured into a number of possibilities• Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G &WLAN

3G &WLAN &Brdcst

3G+ &WLAN

3G &WLAN &Ad-hoc

3G+ &WLAN &Ad-hoc

4G &WLAN

4G &WLAN &Brdcst

4G &WLAN &Ad-hoc

2.5G &WLAN

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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives

India is the fastest growing and the second largest telecom market in the world.

3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives

WiMAX is a telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access.

The technology provides up to 72 Mbit/s symmetric broadband speed without the need for cables.

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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives

This makes WiMAX a technology of choice as a backhaul for 3G, especially in a country like India where villages are far flung and isolated.

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Summary

3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the preferred technology solution

The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial players:

CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1xEV-DOUMTS/WCDMA

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SummaryWCDMA is one of them, which

provides:- Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rate –

Lower costGreater subscriber capacityIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers

3G standard4G still in a formative stage .Frequency bands less than 5 GHz

preferred for wide-area, mobile services

4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz

Lower cost per bit than 3G

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Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Gwww.3g-generation.comwww.3gtoday.com

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Thank You