Cellular Structure & Function

Cell Theory Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Created 1st light microscope

Robert Hooke Coined the term “cells” –

resembled little rooms in monastery

Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden

Stated that all plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann

Stated that all animals are made of cells

Cell Theory

Robert Brown Discovers nucleus’(dark

center)role in division Rudolf Virchow

See & describe cell division

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells Simplest cell No nucleus or organelles Contains cell wall/membrane,

cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material

Ex: bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells True Cells – those containing a nucleus Ex: Plant & animal cells

CELL WALL FOUND – plants FUNCTION – rigid

support & protection & movement of H20 & gasses

STRUCTURE – 3 layers Pectin; glue Cellulose Lignin

CELL MEMBRANE FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION –

regulates in/out cell

STRUCTURE – 2 layers of lipids & protein “doorways”

NUCLEUS FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION – control

center of cell STRUCTURE –

Nucleolus (center) Chromatin (DNA) N. envelope (outer)

CYTOPLASM FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION –; holds

all organelles in place & site chemical rxns

STRUCTURE – gel-like material (colloid)

MITOCHONDRIA FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION – make

energy STRUCTURE –

shaped like kidney bean Cristae – inner

membranes

RIBOSOMES FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION – make

protein STRUCTURE –

composed of protein & RNA Free-floating Attached ER

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION –

transportation STRUCTURE –

Rough ER; ribosomes attached – moves proteins

Smooth ER; no ribosomes – makes & moves lipids

GOLGI APPARATUS FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION –

package & distribute proteins & produce lysosomes

STRUCTURE – resembles stack of pancakes

CHLOROPLAST FOUND – plants FUNCTION – converts

light energy chemical energy site of photosynthesis

STRUCTURE – Grana (PSN

membranes) Stroma (surrounding

space)

LYSOSOME FOUND – animals FUNCTION –

dispose unwanted materials

STRUCTURE – filled with digestive enzymes

VACUOLE FOUND – both

plants & animals FUNCTION – water

storage STRUCTURE –

Plants – 1 large Animals – several

small

PLASTID FOUND – plants FUNCTION – stores

pigments (color) & food (starch)

STRUCTURE – hollow sac surrounded by double membrane & contain own DNA

CYTOSKELETON FOUND – animals FUNCTION – support &

movement STRUCTURE –

Microfilaments (muscle contractions)

Microtubules (internal scaffolding)

Cillia (external hairs help move)

Flagella (tail aids in movement)