cell transport and division
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Cell Transport and Division. Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth , Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman Period 1. Passive Transport. Movement of material down the concentration gradient Does NOT require energy from the cell Diffusion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cell Transport and Division
Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth, Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman
Period 1
Passive Transport
• Movement of material down the concentration gradient
• Does NOT require energy from the cell• Diffusion– The movement of random particles down the
concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium• Osmosis– The movement of water to create equilibrium
Diffusion• Facilitated Diffusion– Passive transport by proteins (no energy required)– Channel Proteins• Form channels to
allow specific molecules to flow through
– Carrier Proteins• Change shape to allow a
substance to pass through the membrane
Diffusion
• Isotonic– The [solutes] and [water] inside and outside the
cell are the same• Hypotonic– the [solutes] outside the cell lower than inside the
cell. The [water] is higher outside the cell.• Hypertonic– The [solutes] outside the cell is higher than inside
the cell. The [water] is lower outside the cell
Active Transport
• Movement of materials though a membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient– Requires energy from cell
Transport of Large Molecules
• Endocytosis- the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment.(engulfea)
• Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell.
Cell Cycle
• The life cycle of a cell; events when the cell grows and divides
Mitosis
• Interphase– When the cell grows and replicates its DNA and
centrioles
• Prophase– Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Centrioles separate, and a spindle forms. The nuclear envelope begins to break down
Mitosis
• Metaphase– Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Each one is connected to a spindle fiver at its centromere
• Anaphase– The sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are moved apart
Mitosis
• Telophase– The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the
cell, the chromosomes begin to loose their definite shape
• Cytokinesis– The cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell
has an identical set of chromosomes
Control of Cell Cycle
• Enzymes work to monitor a cells progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle
• Some enzymes work to replicate DNA, some begin cell division, and others control the rest of the cell cycle
Cancer
• A mistake in the cell cycle• Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell
division caused by genetic and environmental factors
• Uncontrolled cell division occurs when– Cells fail to produce certain enzymes– Enzymes are over produced– Enzymes are produced at the wrong time
Stages of Cancer
• Cancer cells result from a change in one or more genes
• Form masses of tissue called tumors that deprive normal cells of nutrients
• Later cancer can enter the circulatory system and spread throughout the body
Question 1
Passive transport is the movement of materials _________ the concentration gradient.
a. Throughb. Againstc. Downd. Up
Question 2
Osmosis if the movement of ________ to create equilibrium.
a. Waterb. Particlesc. Moleculesd. Cells
Question 3
What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
a. G1, G2, S, Mb. M, S, G1, G2c. S, G1, M, G2d. M, G1, S, G2
Question 4
Which phase is this?
a. Metaphaseb. Anaphasec. Prophased. Telophase
Question 5
Which type of transport requires energy?
a. Activeb. Passive
Question 6
What is the first stage of mitosis?
a. Interphaseb. Prophasec. Anaphased. Cytokinesis
Question 7
________ solution: the [solutes] outside the cell is lower than inside the cell.
a. Isotonicb. Hypertonicc. Hypotonic
Question 8
What does [x] mean?
Question 9
Cancer is the result of what?
Question 10
What is one example of uncontrolled cell division?
Answer Key1. C2. A3. D4. A5. A6. B7. C8. Concentration of x9. Uncontrolled cell division
10. Cells fail to produce certain enzymes/ enzymes are overproduced/ enzymes are produced at the wrong time