cell division & the cell cyclecell division & the cell...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Division & the Cell CycleCell Division & the Cell Cycle
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1 10141 x 1014
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684 931684,931
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11
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Cell divisions in your body-every cell from a cell-
B t llBone marrow stem cells >1,000,000 divisions per minute
Ski t llSkin stem cells
Intestinal stem cellsIntestinal stem cells
Muscle satellite cellsMuscle satellite cells
Liver cellsLiver cells
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Cancer = excess cell division
Figure 13.17. Cells. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
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Cell Division Cycle
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Mitosis Overview
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( i f i i h h )(a movie of mitosis was shown here)
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Mitosis-blocking drugsg gare used to treat cancers
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The Key Parts:
Kinetochore
microtubule
Pole or centrosome microtubule
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How do chromosomes make correct attachments when mitosis begins?
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Microtubules find thingsMicrotubules find things
(a movie of microtubule (assembly & disassembly was shown here)shown here)
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Search & Capture
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The right connectionsThe right connections
Form attachments Check tt h t
Divideattachments
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Mitotic Errors are Deadly
Normal mitosis
Equal genome division
Abnormal mitosis
Unequal genomeUnequal genome division
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Error CorrectionError Correction
error new captureRelease wrong tt h t
Tension = tattachment correct
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Kinetochore proteins sense tension
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Errors are detected & fixed
Correct attachments
Activate checkpointcheckpoint,
“WAIT”& correct
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When all goes well……
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Cell cycle overview
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Cell cycle checkpoints
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Checkpoints are “WAIT” signalsCheckpoints are WAIT signals
Damage is repaired before cycle continues
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General Cell Cycle ControlsSTOP
y
CDK’GO CDK’sSTOP
CDK i hibit
GO
STOP STOP
STOP CDK inhibitors
STOP STOP
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X-rays
One Example:pDNA damage
p53
CKI WAIT
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p53 (detector) is often mutated in cancer
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Without p53, some of the brakes are missing
STOP
STOP
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Commitment to divide in G1
STOP
STOPSTOP
The “GO”
STOP STOP
The GO signals
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Cancer results from inappropriate “GO”Cancer results from inappropriate GO or not enough “STOP”
General mutations that disrupt normal balance:
Over-active mutation too much “GO”
Under-active mutation too little “STOP”
Source of mutations: inherited or acquired
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Other sources of cell-cycle disruption
Viral proteins Gene Rearrangements
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Cancer results from > 1 mutation
Figure 13.14. Cells. Jones and Bartlett, publishers
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Nobel Prize Winners in CellNobel Prize Winners in Cell Cycle Research
Lee Hartwell Tim Hunt Sir Paul M. Nurse
Y t S hi & F Y tYeast Sea urchins & Frogs Yeast