cell communication chapter 11. slide 2 of 25 common mechanism the same set of cell signaling...

Cell Communication

Chapter 11

of 25

Common Mechanism

The same set of cell signaling mechanisms show up:1. ___________ ___________2. _______ action

_______ ______ are mediated through a ___ ________ __________ ______ _______ ___________ _______

3. _________ ________ are responsible for _____ ______ ________ &

____________ ________ in allergic rxns

4. ___________ (Onco- means cancer) ______ _________& Oncoproteins

of 25

Cell-to-Cell Communication

Critical for ________ organisms Trillions of cells must ________ __ _______ ___

_________ ______ ________

Recent research indicates: ______ results from _______ ___________

On last year’s AP Exam Also crucial for ____________________ ___________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

of 25

Recent Nobel Prizes in Medicine

2001 – Hartwell, Hunt, & Nurse – _____ ________ and ____ _____ ________ (yeast)

2002 – Brenner, Sulston, Horvitz – used C. elegans to elucidate the mechanism of __________

2006 – Fire & Mello - used C.elegans to discover the ________ of ___ ___________

2007 – Capecchi, Evans, & Smithies – Hox genes & __________ ___________ ___________

2012 – Gurdon & Yamanaka - ______

of 25

Simon Sez…

Signaling is a lot like the game “Simon Says…”

The signal is received: the game players ____: “Simon says take a step forward”

The signal is transduced: players __________________ _________________________________________

The signal elicits a response: players ____ ________if the command was preceded by “Simon says”

of 25

3 Stages of Signaling

Thesis: external signals are received & converted to responses within the cell

1. Reception Signaling molecule _____________________= Shape Change

2. Transduction _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

3. Response __________ of _____________ _______________________

of 25

____ form of signaling

Yeast (fungi) mating Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Process:1. ______ mating factor2. ______ complementary

mating factor3. ????4. _______: grow toward

opp. type5. _____ ____ = _______

____________

of 25

Overview of Cell Signaling

of 25

View Animation

11_06 SignalingOverview_A.swf

of 25

Reception

Reception involves __________________________ _______________________

Only ______ ____have the _______ ______= only _________________________________

Signaling molecule usually called ________ ___________ binding causes a __________ change in

the ____________ (remember induced fit?) Conformational change = ______________________

________________________________

of 25

2 Types of Signal Receptors

1. ______ _________ Receptors ___________ or __________ _______ or signal molecules ________________________(GPCR) ____________________ (RTK) ___ _________ Receptors

2. ___________ Receptors

__________ or ________ ligands

____________________________________

of 25

G Protein-Coupled Receptor

of 25

G-Protein Coupled Receptor

Common receptor

Found in ____________________________________ ___________________________________________

Similarity between __________ and ________ evidences early evolution of G protein receptor molecules

Also responsible for ____________________________ _____________________________________________

____________ exert their influence by G protein pathways

of 25

G-Protein

All G Proteins have same basic structure ________ spanning the membrane Loops on either face of the membrane for ________ _____

of 25

G-Protein Pathways

We can explain how (Vibrio cholerae) actually creates its symptoms

Cholera bacteria _________________________________ _______________________________________

This G protein regulates _________ and ____ _________ ____________________________________________ So ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

________________________________ Amplification?

Patients require _____________________________________ _________________ _________________________________

of 25

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)

___________

Kinase = enzyme for _______ __ _________ ______

of 25

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel

Membrane receptor _____________________ _________________________________________

When the signal molecule binds, __________ ___________________

Important in ____ _________ _______________________ & ________ _________ Could be _________________________

instead of ___________________________

of 25

Intracellular Receptor

__________ signal molecules

Testosterone

Most intracellular receptor signals do ___________________ _______________________

Testosterone behaving as a _____________ _______

-- controls ________________ ________________________

of 25

Questions

1. What are the 3 types of cell signaling?

2. What are the 3 stages of cell signaling?

3. What is the role of the “a” and “α” factors in yeast mating?

4. What happens when the “a” and “α” factors have been exchanged?

of 25

Questions (Page 2)

1. 2 Types of Receptors

2. What are the 3 Types of Membrane receptors?

3. How does G-Protein coupled receptor differ from a Tyrosine kinase receptor?

4. Which receptor is associated with steroid signaling molecules?

of 25

View Animation

11_13SignalTransduction_A.swf

of 25

Transduction

________ Pathway

Transduction = _______ _________

Signal ___________

Signal Transduction Pathways often involve a _____________ _________

Molecule is phosphorylated = ________ Phosphate removed = _____________

of 25

Protein Kinases (PK) -- enzymes that _______ _____________________

Protein Phosphatases (PP) -- enzymes that _______ _____________________

of 25

Protein Kinases

_____________ & ______________ of _______ is the primary mechanism of cellular activity regulation

__ __ ______ content codes for protein kinases

________ _______ ______ leads to cancer

Protein ____________ Enzymes that __________________________ ________________________

of 25

Second Messengers

1st messenger = ________ Only _____ & ___ have 2nd messengers

Other important component of transduction pathways Most components are __________ __ _________

___ ________

______ & _____

________ ____ & ______ ___

Initiate a ____________ ________

of 25

Response

Response may occur in the _________ or __________

2 Types of typical response:1. _________ _______ is regulated (turned on or off)2. _________ __ _______ is regulated (promoted or inhibited)

Transcription Factors – _____________________ _______________________________________________

of 25

Transcription Factors

of 25

Signal Amplification

2 Reasons for multistep pathways:1. ______ _____________2. ________ of Cell Signaling

Signal Amplification _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

of 25

Signal Specificity

Different cells have different _______ Different _______ ______ Different _____ _______or __________

Allows ________ ____ to have a _________ _______to the same signal

In Liver cells: Epinephrine = glycogen breakdown glucose production

In cardiac muscle: Epinephrine = rapid & enhanced contractions

of 25

Scaffolding Proteins

Definition - ______ _____ proteins that __________________ ________________________

Crucial for __________ _________ ________ ___________ _______ ________ significantly increases efficiency of signal

transfer Scaffolding in ______ _____ hold together _________________

_________________________

of 25

Signal Termination

Just as certain molecules are ________, they too can be _________

Signal molecule leaves the receptor = ____________

_______ ____________ _________ phosphorylated protein kinases

Soon the _____ ____ is returned to its _____ form, and ____ __ __ _______again.

of 25

GF = Growth factor

RTK = Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Ras = G Protein Associated with tumor growth

Rho = G protein

of 25

RTK = Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

GPCR – G-protein coupled receptor

Apoptosis = Programmed cell death

PDK1 = Protein dehydrogenase kinase

Akt = Protein kinase -- Involved in apoptosis

of 25

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

11. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______

cell communication chapter 11. slide 2 of 25 common mechanism the same set of cell signaling...

Documents

oncoproteins slide

signal molecules

set of cell

overview of cell

cell communicationcritical

game simon saysthe signal

simon sezsignaling

game players