cell biology overview - mrs. de witte's class website
TRANSCRIPT
Important Vocabulary this Quarter • Cell – Prokaryote – Eukaryote • Organelles
• Chemical ReacBon – Reactants – Products – Enzyme
• ATP • Photosynthesis • Cellular RespiraBon
• MaFer – Element – Atom • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons
– Molecule – Compound – Macromolecule • Lipid • Carbohydrate • Protein • Nucleic Acids (DNA)
• EVERYTHING is made of ma#er (bioBc and abioBc)
• Atoms are the building blocks of maFer – The type of atom depends on the number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
– The type of atom is called an Element.
– Ex: Carbon is an element, and a Carbon Atom has 6 protons
– Ex: Hydrogen is an element, and a Hydrogen Atom has only 1 proton
• Some types of compounds are called molecules.
• The big molecules that make up living things are called macromolecules – Protein – Lipids – Carbohydrates – Nucleic Acids
• These macromolecules are made of different types and amounts of atoms!
Ex: C6H12O6 = glucose, a carbohydrate!
cellulose = a plant carbohydrate
hair, skin, muscles… all made of proteins!
DNA in every cell = the nucleic acid who makes us who we are!
Fat on your body = needed to store energy!
Carbs provide energy!
And insulaBon!
• Cells are the “smallest unit of structure and funcBon” that make up every living thing, and are ONLY found in living things • Cells are made of atoms and
macromolecules • They are like factories in
the body that actually make and deliver macromolecules!
• The “workers” in the cell “factory” are called organelles • Each organelle has a
special job to do
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
• Many of the jobs inside a cell involve making, breaking down, or rearranging compounds, called a chemical reac=on!
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
• Living things have chemical reacBons happening in their bodies all of the Bme.
• There are two chemical reacBons that are extremely important:
1) Photosynthesis: (just producers) Sun + Water + Carbon Dioxide à Glucose(Sugar) + Oxygen
Light energy + H2O + CO2 à C6H12O6 + O2
2) Cellular Respira=on: (all organisms) Glucose(Sugar) + Oxygen à Water + Carbon Dioxide + ATP Energy
C6H12O6 + O2 à H2O + CO2 + ATP Energy
• Photosynthesis and Cellular RespiraBon are energy-‐making reacBons for the cell
• All cells rely on a type of energy called ATP • Cellular RespiraBon releases energy from your food to create ATP