A PRESENTATION ON

A PRESENTATION ON Construction and demolition waste

Presented by SALMAN SIDDIQUE PhD. Structural Engineering (Roll No. 2014rce9046)

1Construction industry in IndiaThe construction industry in India is booming. Already at 10 per cent of the GDP, it has been growing at an annual rate of 10 per cent over the last 10 years as against the world average of 5.5 per cent per annum. The built-up area is expected to swell almost five times from 21 billion sq ft in 2005 to approximately 104 billion sq ft by 2030. Buildings are at the core of all our demands water, energy and material but they also create waste. This waste, generated in the construction, maintenance and disposal phases of a building, is called construction and demolition (C&D) waste. This includes waste from demolished structures, renovations in the real estate sector and construction and repair of roads, flyovers, bridges, etc. C&D waste generation in India:gross underestimation?The Union ministry of forests and environment(MoEF) has confessed there is no systematic database on C&D waste. As per the estimates of Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), since 2005, India has newly constructed 5.75 billion sq m of additional floor space with almost one billion sq m in 2013 itself. If (according to the Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council's, or TIFAC's, thumb rule) a new construction generates 40-60 kg of C&D waste per sq m, then taking an average of 50 kg per sq m, India must have generated 50 million tonne(MT) of C&D waste in 2013. Over the last eight years, it would have produced 287 MT of this waste. This estimate only accounts for new construction. Demolition and renovation/repair-related waste of the older stock generates additional waste. The waste produced per sq m of demolition is 10 times that generated during construction: as per TIFAC, 300-500 kg of waste per sq m. If it is assumed that five per cent of the existing building stock gets demolished and rebuilt completely annually, then about 288 MT more of C&D waste would have been generated in 2013 alone because of demolitions.TIFAC also says building repair produces 40-50 kg per sq m of waste. Assuming that one-third of the existing building stock underwent some sort of repair or renovation in 2013, India must have generated an average of 193 MT of C&D waste just from repair and renovation in that year.Thus, the total C&D waste generated in India just by buildings in one year 2013 amounts to a humungous 530 MT.Small steps to make resource fromwaste in IndiaSmall steps in Delhi and Mumbai:MCD-ILFS-IEISL initiative in Delhi: C&D waste is being recycled into aggregates which are converted to Ready Mix Concrete, pavement blocks, kerb stones and concrete bricks.YUVA and CIDCO initiative in Navi Mumbai: This has recycled 1500 tonnes of C&D waste between 2002-06. But operations shut down as no policy and market support.IL&FS concrete recycling plant, Burari Delhi

Recycled products from IL&FS plant

What is coming in the way?No legal framework: Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 only made a brief mention of C&D waste. But Draft rules 2013 have omitted even this.No standards for recycled products: The IS: 323-1970, Indian standard specification related to aggregates for concrete state that these should be naturally sourced.Only virgin materials (sand, aggregate) mined directly from nature can be used. This does not allow recycled or reused components. Any use of recycled aggregate become illegal.State construction agencies cannot include these material in their Schedule of RatesMethods being employed worldwide to improve properties of RACAuthorsProposed methodologyOtsuki et al. (2003)Double mixing methodTam et al. (2005)Two stage mixing approachCorinaldesi et al. (2009)Additions of fly ash or silica fume into concrete to replace fine aggregateLimbachiya et al. (2012)

10% silica fume was used as a partial replacement of Portland cementKou et al. (2012)Incorporation of 25-35% class F fly ash as well as partial replacement of cement,Incorporated different mineral admixtures such as y ash (FA) (35%), silica fume (10%), meta kaolin (15%), GGBS (55%)Elhakam et al. (2012)Self-healing of RA,Modied two stage mixing method, Addition of 10% silica fume as cement replacementReferencesCorinaldesi V, Moriconi G. Inuence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2009;23:286976.Elhakam AA, Mohamed AE, Awad E. Inuence of self-healing, mixing method and adding silica fume on mechanical properties of recycled aggregates concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2012;35:4217.Kou SC, Poon CS. Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared with coarse recycled aggregate. Construction and Building Materials 2012;35:6976.Limbachiya M, Meddah MS, Ouchagour Y. Performance of portland/silica fume cement concrete produced with recycled concrete aggregate. ACI Material Journal 2012;109(1):91100.Otsuki N, Asce M, Miyazato S, Yodsudjai W. Inuence of recycled aggregate on interfacial transition zone, strength, chloride penetration and carbonation of concrete. Journal of Materials and Civil Engineering 2003;15(5):44351.Roshan S. S. Construction and Demolition waste An Overview of Construction Industry in India. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental & Biological Sciences (IJCEBS) 2013; 1(4). Tam VWY, Gao XF, Tam CM. Microstructural analysis of recycled aggregate concrete produced from two-stage mixing approach. Cement and Concrete Research 2005;35(6):1195203.Techno market survey on utilisation of waste from construction industry; Technology information, forecasting and assessment council (TIFAC); Department of science and technology, Government of India; Delhi.Thomas, J., & Wilson, P. M. Construction waste management in India. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2013; 2: 06-09www.cseindia.orgwww.ilfsenv.comwww.envfor.nic.in

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