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CDMA2000 Network Optimization and

Planning

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目录

一 CDMA2000 1X数据业务优化

二 EV-DO 网络优化

三 EV-DO 网络规划

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一 CDMA2000 1X 数据业务优化

1. CDMA2000 1X数据业务概述

2. 数据业务工作机制

前向链路

反向链路

3. 数据业务优化

4. 数据业务测试结果

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1. CDMA2000 1X数据业务概述呼叫信令流程

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1. CDMA2000 1X数据业务概述呼叫信令流程

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1. CDMA2000 1X数据业务概述CDMA2000 1X分组数据主要概念

CDMA 2000 packet data concepts

Call Setup (RLP/PPP setup)

Transmission of data on F/R-FCH

Assignment of F-SCH

Transmission of Data on F-SCH

Teardown of Traffic Channels for

Dormancy

Request for transmission of data

on R-SCH

Assignment of R-SCH

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1. CDMA2000 1X数据业务概述主要系统性能指标

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_FCH 和 SCH

FCH

Carries data, signaling and control

Use four different rates: full, half, quarter and eighth, relative to base rate

If no data is to be sent, send eighth rate frames

SCH

New 1X channel, does not exist in IS-95

Used for high speed data transfer

Supports data rate up to 153.6kbps (Release 0) or 307.2kbps (Release A)

Standard allows up to two SCHs to be sent in a single user simultaneously, current chips limit it to one.

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_SCH Power Control and Active Set

SCH Power Control

An SCH must be power controlled during an assignment, two options:

Direct Power Control (FPC_MODE = 1 or 2 )

Indirect Power Control (FPC_MODE = 0 ) by following the gain of the associated FCH

Active Set

To save resources and capacity, SCH Active Set maybe a subset of FCH Active Set

Most implementations restrict the SCH Active Set to one or two sectors

Larger Active Sets may improve SCH reliability, at a cost of increased scheduling complexity and increased interference

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_SCH Target FER

SCH Frame Erasure Rate (FER) target is usually set to be higher than that of FCH:

RLP retransmits lost frames reduces error rate to upper layers

Higher FER target translates to an air interface capacity increase

Lower FER target translates to a higher user data throughput

Higher FER target may not be appropriate for real time service, real time service can not tolerate the delays of TCP

A different FER target maybe chosen for each rate, a higher rate may support a higher FER target

FER target may also be chosen as function of system loading, for example, use 1% target if only one user on the system

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_其它SCH主要参数

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_其它SCH主要参数

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_Walsh Code管理

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_Packet Data Scheduler

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_Packet Data Scheduler

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2. 数据业务工作机制前向链路_Interaction of Scheduler with Admission Control

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_Packet Data Operation

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_Packet Data Operation

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_REV_SCH_DTX_DURATION Mechanism

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_T_ADD_ABORT Mechanism

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_Retry Order Mechanism

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2. 数据业务工作机制反向链路_Request of R-SCH

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2. 数据业务工作机制Simultaneous Voice and Data_QoS Expectation

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2. 数据业务工作机制Simultaneous Voice and Data_Walsh Code Management

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3. 数据业务优化CDMA2000-1X的优化

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3. 数据业务优化CDMA2000-1X主要性能指标

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3. 数据业务优化CDMA2000 1X的优化手段—语音业务

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3. 数据业务优化CDMA2000 1X的优化手段—数据业务

语音优化的调整可以为数据优化奠定良好的基础

SCH信道的参数调整

a) Assignment policy

b) SCH power control parameters

c) Radio Configuration (RC)

TCP参数的优化

a) MTU，Window Size

优化软切换区域对1x数据业务以及EV-DO系统是十分重要的

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3. 数据业务优化多路软切换对前向速率的影响

在CDMA20001X系统中，SCH信道承载高速数据

同承载语音和控制信息的FCH信道相比，SCH信道会占用大量的前向资源（如，Walsh码，基站功率，信道单元（CE）等）

SCH如支持软切换，会加倍消耗资源。所以SCH通常不支持软切换，或只支持2路软切换

基站间距越小，软切换区域面积越大，从而对SCH的影响越大，降低手机前向获得的速率等级

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3. 数据业务优化SCH速率受软切换的影响

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3. 数据业务优化产生的其它影响

致导频污染区域的增大，降低通话质量

»特别是没有室内分布系统的高层建筑

减小手机的待机时间

»手机在待机时会根据系统参数的设置在规定的时间醒来监听寻呼信道

a)SCI=0,1,2

»SCI值设定的越大，则手机待机时休眠的时间越长

»但当手机进行过多的IDEL HANDOFF时，会减少手机的待机时间

增加系统的额外开销，降低资源的利用率

a)CE、Walsh Code

导致每个扇区的邻居列表增大

容易导致丢邻居，邻居列表合并等问题

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4. 数据业测试结果

单用户近点吞吐率

多用户近点吞吐率

Items Forward Link Throughput Reverse Link Throughput

1 129 127

2 130 124

3 131 130

4 131 130

Avg TCP Thrpt(kbps) 130.25 127.75

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1. CDMA2000 1X与1XEV-DO的区别

2. 混合终端工作机制

3. EV-DO呼叫流程

4. EV-DO性能分析 4.1 呼叫建立分析

4.2 掉话分析

4.3 前向速率优化

4.4 反向速率优化

4.5 EV-DO优化总结

二 EV-DO网络优化

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1. CDMA20001X与1XEV-DO的区别

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端系统选择

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端系统选择

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合模式空闲状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合模式空闲状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合模式接入状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合模式接入状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端1X业务状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端DO业务状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端DO业务状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制混合终端DO业务状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制SHDR模式空闲状态

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2. 混合终端工作机制SHDR模式连接状态

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程AT Flowchart

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程1XEV-DO Pilot Acquisition

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程Acquiring Control Channel

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程1XEV-DO Session — Definition

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程1XEV-DO Session — Setup

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程1XEV-DO Session — Session Negotiation

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3. EV-DO呼叫流程1XEV-DO Connection Setup

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4.1 呼叫建立分析

4.2 掉话分析

4.3 前向速率优化

4.4 反向速率优化

4.5 EV-DO优化总结

4 EV-DO性能分析

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4.1 呼叫建立分析接入失败的判定

1xEV-DO Access Attempt (LOG_CODE 0x106C)，表示起呼过程的开始

1xEV-DO Connection Attempt (LOG_CODE 0x106E)， “Result = Success”，则表示起呼成功；否则起呼失败

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4.1 呼叫建立分析Log Codes示例

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4.1 呼叫建立分析Log Codes示例

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4.1 呼叫建立分析呼叫建立分阶段分析

阶段1: 终端接收到基站发送的“ACAck”消息

阶段2:终端接收到基站发送的“TrafficChannelAssignment”消息

阶段3:终端接收到基站发送的“RTCAck”消息

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4.1 呼叫建立分析阶段1失败分析

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4.1 呼叫建立分析阶段2失败分析

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4.1 呼叫建立分析阶段3失败分析

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4.1 呼叫建立分析接入失败案例分析_信令流程

终端发送RouteUpdate/ConnectionRequest消息

终端接收到系统下发的“ACAck”确认消息

系统没有下发分配业务信道的“TrafficChannelAssignment”消息

系统下发了“ConnectionDeny”消息

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4.1 呼叫建立分析接入失败案例分析_原因分析

拒绝原因为”Network Busy”

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4.2 掉话分析掉话的判定

1xEV-DO Connection Release (LOG_CODE 0x1071)：该LOG_CODE用来表征连接释放的原因

» Reason = 0 表示 AN Connection Close

» Reason = 1 表示 AT Connection Close

» Reason = 2 表示 System Lost

示例：

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4.2 掉话分析掉话原理— Control Channel Supervision Failure

(1)、当连接处于激活状态时，终端监测控制信道消息，同步信道包囊每256个Slots，即426.66ms产生一次。

(2)、如果终端在5.12秒内没有收到同步控制信道包囊，则控制信道监听失败，终端拆连接，触发终端掉话，无线资源被释放，PPP连接以及EV-DO Session仍然保持。

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4.2 掉话分析掉话原理— DRC Supervision Failure

(1)、当终端请求“NULL Rate”DRC时，启动定时器“DRC Supervision Timer”TFTCMDRCSupervision；

(2)、在定时器“DRC Supervision Timer”处于激活状态时，如果终端请求了“Non-NULL Rate”DRC时，定时器去激活；

(3)、如果定时器“DRC Supervision Timer”期满，则：

– 终端关闭反向业务信道发射机；

– 设置反向业务信道重使能定时器为TFTCMPRestartTx，即5.12秒。

(4)、如果在TFTCMPRestartTx内，终端产生了NFTCMPRestartTx，即16个以上连续的“Non-NULL Rate”DRC，则：

– 终端去激活反向业务信道重使能定时器；

– 终端开启反向业务信道发射机。

(5)、如果反向业务信道重使能定时器期满，则终端返回“SupervisionFailed”指示，转换到“In-Active”状态。

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4.2 掉话分析掉话原理— DRC Supervision Failure

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4.2 掉话分析掉话产生原因

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4.3 前向速率优化影响前向速率的主要因素

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4.3 前向速率优化无线覆盖问题

SINR 优化

软切换区域优化

EV-DO的前向采用虚拟软切换的机制，在虚拟软切换的时候终端不从任何扇区

接收数据，减少软切换区域以及拥有主导频，对于改善前向链路吞吐率具有很

大的帮助

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4.3 前向速率优化激活用户数量

示意图

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4.3 前向速率优化反向干扰

前向链路H-ARQ机制需要反向Ack信道来完成

终端申请的DRC需要通过反向DRC信道发送给系统

对于TCP业务来讲，TCP的Ack将会由于反向外部干扰而受到影响

EV-DO中，反向干扰对于前向速率也会产生影响

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4.4 反向速率优化影响反向速率的主要因素

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4.4 反向速率优化ROT 和 RAB

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4.4 反向速率优化用户数量

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4.4 反向速率优化前向链路质量对反向的影响

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4.5 EV-DO优化总结

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三 EV-DO网络规划

1. 网络规划流程

2. 链路预算

3. 容量规划

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1 网络规划流程RF Design Process

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1 网络规划流程Network Deployment Process

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1 网络规划流程Preliminary Design Flowchart

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1 网络规划流程Final Design Flowchart

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1 网络规划流程 Initial Optimization Process

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2 链路预算Rev.A Reverse Link Budget

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2 链路预算Rev.A Reverse Link Budget

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2 链路预算Rev.A Reverse Link Budget

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2 链路预算Rev.A Forward Link Budget

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2 链路预算Rev.A Forward Link Budget

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3 容量规划DO Rev. 0

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3 容量规划DO Rev. A

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谢 谢