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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING – Getting Your Firm into BIM

INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING Getting Your Firm into BIM

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R. Allan Partridge Architect, AAA, MAIBC, MRAICSCO, LEED AP

Partner, Design & Technology

HIP Architects, Edmonton, Alberta (25 People)

Early adopter of BIM in 2002

Fully Deployed BIM in 2005

27 Projects completed (Constructed)

(between $5 and $60 Million) 28 Projects underway (Design + Construction

(between $ 3 and $70 Million)

2007: established Hip – an “Integrated Practice” based R & D Lab within HIP exploring intelligent sustainability in architectural practice, design and construction by utilizing emergent technologies and processes

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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING: Getting Your Firm into BIM

1. Challenges2. What is BIM?3. Changing the Nature of Practice4. Trends & Issues

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Client : Declining Document Quality 70%

A/E’s should be held more accountable for quality of documentation 98%(FMI CMAA OWNERS SURVEY 5 2004)Contractors: Poor technical documents by A/E’s 60%

Slow response to questions 51%(FMI CONTRACTOR SURVEY 2005)

Challenge: Process Waste

CHALLENGES

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• “...inefficiencies, mistakes and delays account for $200 billion of the $650 billion spent on construction in America every year.”

• "A typical $100m building project generates 150,000 separate documents: technical drawings, legal contracts, purchase orders, RFIs and schedules.”

• “Project managers build warehouses just to store them. FedEx reputedly garnered $500 Million last year just shipping blueprints across America.“

• “…the process of construction is itself repeated in its essentials from project to project. Indeed, research suggests that up to 80% of inputs into buildings are repeated.” (M4i)

Challenge: Process WasteNew wiring: Construction and the Internet: Builders go online

01/15/2000; The EconomistCopyright© 2000 The Economist; Source: World Reporter™- FT McCarthy

CHALLENGES

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• Issues• Low efficiency• Low productivity• Unpredictable outcomes• Sustainability• New practice models• Globalization• Process Integration

• Responses Outsourcing, supply chain Integrated digital design Hard schedules + tenders Green building initiatives Design build, DD+CD Projects at distance Early, integrated participation

“We must move toward more predictable outcomes. Legacy systems will kill us.” (Autodesk-Phil Bernstein - Client Quote)

Challenge: Process Waste

CHALLENGES

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CHALLENGES

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R VALUE: 5-8

CHALLENGES

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R VALUE: 5-8

Why Does the AEC Industry Need BIM ?



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MAD – 4,000+ Years

WHAT IS BIM ?

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CAD – 40 Years

WHAT IS BIM ?

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BIM – 8 Years

WHAT IS BIM ?

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“Building Information Modeling

…..an improved planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance process using a standardized machine-readable information model for each facility, new and old, which contains all information created or gathered about a facility in a format useable by all throughout its lifecycle.” (NBIMS)

“Building Information Modeling

…..an improved planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance process using a st

andardized machine-readable information model for each facility, new and old, which contains all information created or gathered about a facility in a format useable by all throughout its lifecycle.” (NBIMS)

BUILDINGINFORMATION

MODELING

ARCHITECTS

CIVIL ANDSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

MEP SYSTEMSENGINEERS

BUILDERS

OWNERS

BIM – 8 Years

WHAT IS BIM ?

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1D: Program Data (Word doc, Excel, etc)2D: Related to 2 dimensions (AutoCAD)

The BIM (as part of a Meta-System) has four key elements for creating DBO solutions:

3D:Design (x , y & z coordinate, building representations)

4D:Scheduling (related to time)

5D:Cost (related to value)

6D:Life Cycle Management (Owner/FM)• These four elements are interlinked and analysis engines allow

for data interchange • Sufficient R & D has not been conducted to provide high degree

of confidence in outcomes.• Strive to promote integrated BIM best practices

WHAT IS BIM ?

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4D:Scheduling (related to time)

4D associates BIM objects with scheduling activities, construction planning and constructability analysis.Everyone on the same page at any time with the 4D representation of the project in conjunction with traditional schedule GANTT charts.• Improved Project Coordination• Optimized Construction Sequencing• What-if Analysis and Change Management• Analyze Constructability and Improved Safety

Innovaya Vico & Navisworks software supports MS Project, Primavera, and any 3D design program, implements powerful and sophisticated 4D construction planning functions, helping the entire project team to establish a shared vision and coordinate work tasks.

WHAT IS BIM ?

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5D:Cost (related to value)

5D uses the BIM to perform cost estimating accurately, quickly, and intelligently by delivering objects from BIM applications to Excel, MC2 ICE and Sage Timberline. • Automatic Quantity Extraction• Intelligent Assembly/Item Takeoff• Automatic Estimation for the Entire BIM• Intelligent Change Management

WHAT IS BIM ?

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6D:Life Cycle Management (Owner/FM)

6D (emergent) uses the BIM to perform activities related to the post construction management of a building accurately, quickly, and intelligently by delivering objects from BIM applications to FM Desktop and Archibus. • Uses BIM to test “what-if” senarios• Intelligent FM• Maintenance schedules• Intelligent Post Construction Change Management




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The Big “Hand Off” • Program handed off• Design handed off• 2D Software promotes hand off – continuity difficult• Contract documents handed off • Construction administration handed off• Commissioning and start up handed off

CHANGING THE NATURE OF PRACTICE

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Partner

PA/E PMPA

Documents

• Traditional Team size 3 - 5

• Vertical process

Design/Techs


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PD

SD DD CONSTRUCT OCCCD

A

S

MEP


http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Personal_computer,_exploded_5.svg/325px-Personal_computer,_exploded_5.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computer&h=349&w=325&sz=64&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=hk1lKp35sNDPTM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=112&prev=/images?q=computer&svnum=10&um=1&hl=en



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PD

SD DD CONSTRUCT OCCCDArchitect Mechanical Electrical Structural Contractor

Floors Draws Draws XREF Draws PDF/Print

Envelope Draws XREF XREF Draws PDF/Print

Cols/Beam Draws XREF XREF Draws PDF/Print

Ducts XREF Draws XREF XREF PDF/Print

Piping XREF Draws XREF XREF PDF/Print

Lights Draws XREF Draws - PDF/Print

Panels Draws XREF Draws - PDF/Print

Analysis - Yes Yes Yes Yes

Quantities - - - Yes Yes


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PD

SD DD TRADES

CONSTRUCT OCCCD AGENCIES

• Influence over Design Changes• A/E Effort

• Cost of Design Changes


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PD

SD DD TRADES CONSTRUCT OCCWHAT

WHO

REALIZE

HOW!!

CD AGENCIES

$$


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Building

Architect

Owner

S

E

M

SC

SC

SC“Duty of Care”

Contractor


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“You need to prepare yourself for a profession that you’re not going to

recognize in a decade from now, that the next generation is going to occupy. Our

work begins with desire, initiated by us as architects not only in response to our

clients, but in response to something much more active and engaged.”

Thom Mayne FAIA Morphosis, Santa Monica, CA, 2005


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The Big “Shift” • Program Integrated at all levels• Design Integrated at all levels• BIM Software promotes Integrated at all levels• Contract documents Integrated at all levels• Construction administration Integrated at all levels• Commissioning and start up Integrated at all levels

CHANGING THE NATURE OF PRACTICE “something much more active and engaged”

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PD

SD DD TRADES

CONSTRUCT OCCCD AGENCIES

• Influence over Design Changes• A/E Effort

• Cost of Design Changes


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C CD DDPRODUCTION

CONSTRUCT OCC

WHAT

WHO

HOW!!

ID

AGENCIES

REALIZE

CONCEPTUALIZATION

CRITERIA DESIGN

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTS

$ $$ $


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5 Emergent Categories of BIM Evolution (John E. Taylor, Stanford University)

1. VisualizationSectional Perspectives, Renderings

2. ProductionFloor Plans, Sections, Elevations, Schedules, Area Calculations, Annotation Coordination, etc.

3. CoordinationInter-Consultant Data Sharing, Interference Detection, 3D Objects and Data from Consultants

4. AnalysisStructural, Thermal, Egress, Simulation(s)

5. Supply Chain Integration4D Simulations, 5D Costing, CNC Fabrication, FM, ‘Intelligent’ Job Sites


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1. VisualizationSectional Perspectives, Renderings


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2. ProductionFloor Plans, Sections, Elevations, Schedules,

Area Calculations, Annotation Coordination, etc.

1st Floor

15th Floor

14th Floor

Penthouse Floor


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3. CoordinationInter-Consultant Data Sharing, Interference Detection, 3D Objects and Data from Consultants


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4. AnalysisStructural, Thermal, Egress, Simulation(s)

BIM – opportunity for “something much more active and engaged”

Visibility Simulation

Revit Model Structural Layout – 14th Floor

Revit Model – Structural Walls Thermal SimulationDaylight Simulation

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Sources and Support


5. Supply Chain Integration

4D Simulations, 5D Costing, CNC Fabrication, FM, ‘Intelligent’ Job Sites


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5. Supply Chain Integration

CNC Fabrication, FM, ‘Intelligent’ Job Sites


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TRAINING FOR CHANGE – SKILL UP TO POWER DOWN

BIM WILL mean changes• Changes in the way we work• Changes in project organization• Changes in staffing needs: Generational opportunities vs Generational

challenges

BIM Key Tools YOU NEED• Awareness about BIM• Education about BIM


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Approaches (James W. Balding/WTGA)

1. Horizontal Approach – (to Conceptualization (C)/Criteria Design (CD))• All views oriented to plan are produced using BIM• Lessens the learning curve, modeling time and “model it all”

mentality• Take advantage of BIM early with mitigated low risk • Utilize traditional CAD programs to develop remaining phases of

work

2. Horizontal/Vertical Approach – (to (C)+ (CD) + Design Development (DD))• All plans, building sections and elevations produced in BIM to 100%

DD• Utilize traditional CAD programs to develop Implementation

Documents (“CD’s)• Managed buy-in – allows for an “Exit Strategy” if things are not

going well• Relatively mitigated low risk taking greater advantage of BIM

3. Post-It Approach – (“Progressive” C + CD + DD + ID)

• Lessens expectations• Allows the design to mature• Reduces “throw away”• Progressively mitigates the risk and still allows for an “Exit

Strategy” if needed.


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LEVEL OF DETAIL (LOD) (AIA E202)

LOD 100Essentially the equivalent of conceptual design, the model would consist of overall building massing and the downstream users are authorized to perform whole building types of analysis (volume, building orientation, cost per square foot, etc.)

LOD 200Similar to schematic design or design development, the model would consist of "generalized systems or assemblies with approximate quantities, size, shape, location and orientation." Authorized uses would include "analysis of selected systems by application of generalized performance criteria.“

LOD 300Model elements are suitable for the generation of traditional construction documents and shop drawings. As such, analysis and simulation is authorized for detailed elements and systems.

http://lh3.ggpht.com/_9HPTvMQoJFQ/SVjk-j9A5iI/AAAAAAAADlQ/e0TJ8_dKyK8/SOM_LOD1004.jpg

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LEVEL OF DETAIL (LOD) (AIA E202)

LOD 400This level of development is considered to be suitable for fabrication and assembly. The LOD is most likely to be the trade contractor or fabricator as it is usually outside the scope of the architect's or engineer's services. Image courtesy of Mortenson Construction

LOD 500The final level of development represents the project as it has been constructed - the as-built conditions. The model is suitable for maintenance and operations of the facility.

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Partner

PA/EPA

BIM

• Integrated Team size 3 - 4

• Integrated process

Design/Techs

PM

BIM/M


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C CD DD CONSTRUCT OCCID

• BIM





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C CD DD CONSTRUCT OCCIDArchitect Mechanical Electrical Structural Contractor

Floors C/M C/M C/M Models C/M

Envelope Models C/M C/M C/M C/M

Cols/Beam C/M C/M C/M Models C/M

Ducts C/M Models C/M C/M C/M

Piping C/M Models C/M C/M C/M

Lights C/M C/M Models C/M C/M

Panels C/M C/M Models C/M C/M

Analysis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Quantities Yes Yes Yes Yes Models


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111


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C CD DD CONSTRUCT OCCIDArchitect Mechanical Electrical Structural Contractor

Floors - - - Models -

Envelope Models - - - -

Cols/Beam - - - Models -

Ducts - Models - - -

Piping - Models - - -

Lights - - Models - -

Panels - - Models - -

Analysis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Quantities Yes Yes Yes Yes Models


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Benefits

1. Focus on Buildings not Drawings

2. Better Understanding of the Design

3. Productivity Gains• 2001 70% (100% CAD Projects)• 2002 74% (First 2 BIM Projects)• 2003 73% (50% BIM Projects)• 2004 74% (75% BIM Projects)• 2005 74% (100% BIM Projects)• 2006 76% (100% BIM Projects)• 2007 78% (100% BIM Projects)

4. Improved Building Accuracy

Measured by Constants not Variables

• $ Salary Variable• $ Construction Variable• Team Size Variable• Time is a Constant• Area is a Constant• SF/HR only Measurable

Constant


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1. Productivity Gains• 2001 70% (100% CAD Projects)• 2002 74% (First 2 BIM Projects)• 2003 73% (50% BIM Projects)• 2004 74% (75% BIM Projects)• 2005 74% (100% BIM Projects)• 2006 76% (100% BIM Projects)• 2007 78% (100% BIM Projects)

SF/Direct Hr

30

28

26

31

32

41

44

SF/Total Hr

21

20

19

23

24

31

34


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1. Productivity Gains• 2001 70% (100% CAD Projects)• 2002 74% (First 2 BIM Projects)• 2003 73% (50% BIM Projects)• 2004 74% (75% BIM Projects)• 2005 74% (100% BIM Projects)• 2006 76% (100% BIM Projects) • 2007 78% (11.4% Increase over ’01)

SF/Direct Hr

30

28

26

31

32

41 (37%)

44 (47%)

SF/Total Hr

21

20

19

23

24

31 (47%)

34 (62%)


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BIM – opportunity for “something much more active and engaged”

6D:Life Cycle Management (Owner/FM)

6D (emergent) uses the BIM to perform activities related to the post construction management of a building accurately, quickly, and intelligently by delivering objects from BIM applications to FM Desktop and Archibus. • Uses BIM to test “what-if” senarios• Intelligent FM• Maintenance schedules• Intelligent Post Construction Change Management




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DesignBid

Build

“ProjectAlliance”

Past Present Future

Traditional Dwgsby HandMeetings

Hand renderingsShop Drawings Verbal/Signed

BIM -> DwgsProject WebsitesTele & Video Conf 3D Visualization

Early F2F2F Digital Validation

Shared “no risk” BIMInternet Hosting

Online CollabHolographics

Full CNC F2F2F Interoperability

Transition to Integration“Not Much” “Lots”

TRENDS & ISSUES

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Eric Clapton• The Song “Layla” – composed by?

TRENDS & ISSUES

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Jim Gordon

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“Building”

Real Building

(Production)

Owner

Virtual Building(Design)

ARCHITECT

MECHANICAL CM

STRUCTURAL ENGELECTRICAL CM

ELECTRICAL ENG

MECHANICAL ENG

STRUCTURAL CM

GC/CM

TRENDS & ISSUES

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Sources and Support

“CENTRAL”FILE

Architect’s Server

LAN

“Local “Files(Architect)

WAN

WAN OPTIMIZER

LAN

“Local “Files(Consultant Team)

WAN OPTIMIZER(Hardware)

WAN OPTIMIZER(Software) WA

N

TRENDS & ISSUES






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BIM Design and Construction Process

Image Courtesy of EllisDon Construction.

TRENDS & ISSUES

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Advanced Technology Implementation

Image Courtesy of Skidmore Owings + Merrill / Autodesk Inc.

TRENDS & ISSUES

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BIM Design and Construction Process

Image Courtesy of EllisDon Construction.

Design BIMRevit, Bentley, ArchiCAD, etc

Construction BIMNavisWorks, ProjectWise, Solibri, etc

FM / AM BIMArtra, etc

SDS/2

Ram

Beck DProfiler

Vico

Consultant software Trade Software FM / CMFM Software

Estimating software

WinEst Innovaya

Innovaya

IES

QuickPen

Tekla

CAD duct

CAD pipe

EastCoast

Pipe Designer

CATIA

Solid Works Inventor

Rhino3D

SketchupCOBIE

VrContext

Rebis

GIS

Vizelia

CAFM

IMWS

EPM

TRENDS & ISSUES

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Think of the BIM in terms of “Complementarity”

TRENDS & ISSUES

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METADATA is structured data which describes the characteristics of a thing. METADATA allows you to read INFORMATION without opening the thing.

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

TRENDS & ISSUES

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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELINGMANUFACTURER: Campbell’s® Condensed SoupsPRODUCT: Tomato SoupMETADATA:Materials:Tomato puree, water, sugar, cream (milk), wheatflour, bleached enriched flour (wheat flour, niacin, ferrous sulfate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), dried dairy blend (whey, calcium caseinate), contains less than 1% of: vegetable oil (corn, canola, cottonseed or partially hydrogenated soybean oil), butter (milk), flavoring, citric acid, ascorbic acid (added to help retain color).Nutrition FactsAmount Per Serving (serving size) = 1/2 cup condensedCalories 90, Total Fat 0g, Sat. Fat 0g, Trans Fat 0gCholesterol 0mg, Sodium 480mg, Total Carb. 20gDietary Fiber 1g, Sugars 12g, Protein 2g

PERFORMANCE DATA % Daily ValuesVitamin A 8%, Vitamin C 10%, Calcium 0%, Iron 4%

REGULATORY:The nutrition information contained in this list of Nutrition Facts is based on our current data. However, because the data may change from time to time, this information may not always be identical to the nutritional label information of products on shelf. ** % Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

TRENDS & ISSUES

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TRENDS & ISSUES

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TRENDS & ISSUES

THANK YOU!