causes of aridity in n. china animation of windstorm 1999 movement dust front through central china...
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Causes of Aridity in N. ChinaCauses of Aridity in N. China Animation of Windstorm 1999Animation of Windstorm 1999
Movement dust front through central China on April 19, 1998 recorded by the visible and IR channels of the GMS-5 geostationary satellite.. White color means high clouds. Yellow represents low clouds, dust, smoke or haze. Click here
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Dust Blowing of the Gobi DesertDust Blowing of the Gobi Desert
Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 22
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=37564
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Causes of Aridity in N. ChinaCauses of Aridity in N. China
1.1. Limited impact of the Ogasawara Limited impact of the Ogasawara High beyond Yangtze BasinHigh beyond Yangtze Basin
2.2. Deflection of Kuroshio Current away Deflection of Kuroshio Current away from N. China Coastfrom N. China Coast
3.3. Presence of Qinling (Tsingling) Presence of Qinling (Tsingling) Mountains dividing N. China from Mountains dividing N. China from CentralCentral
4.4. Drying influence of Siberian High in Drying influence of Siberian High in winter winter
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1. Ogasawara 1. Ogasawara HighHigh
Brings in Monsoon staring in SpringBrings in Monsoon staring in Spring
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Impact of Air MassesImpact of Air Masses
January – Siberian High -- Floods N. China with Dry Cold Air
July – Osagawara High and mid-Indian Ocean -- Wet Warm limited penetration
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpatters/teaching/climatechange/change/change68.html
Ogasawara
Mid- Indian
Siberian High
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Space-based Measurements of Space-based Measurements of Cloud Parameters for Improving the Accuracy Cloud Parameters for Improving the Accuracy
of Predicting Global Warming and of Predicting Global Warming and
Understanding the Hydrological CycleUnderstanding the Hydrological Cycle
Monsoon clouds building in the East China Sea in April 2001
Remote image source:http://www.nasda.go.jp/lib/nasda-news/2001/10/eart_e.html
Cloud Patterns Observed from Remote Sensing Satellites … Recently, NASDA’s Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) successfully mapped the distribution of physical parameters of clouds, as shown in Fig. 1, using MODIS data from the U.S. satellite Terra. The image was observed around noon on April 13, 2001, as the satellite passed over East China Sea.
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2. Kuroshio 2. Kuroshio CurrentCurrent
Main pathway for movement of Main pathway for movement of moisture from the Ogasawara Highmoisture from the Ogasawara High
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Deflection of CurrentDeflection of Current
• Kuroshio Current Warm and Moist provides a track for movement of monsoon
• Deflected away from the Yellow Sea
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3. Qinling 3. Qinling MountainsMountains
Divides Humid China into North and Divides Humid China into North and South regionsSouth regions
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Presence of Presence of Qinling Mts.Qinling Mts.
(Tsin Ling)(Tsin Ling)
Even though rather low near coast, effective barrier between moist Yangtze Basin and semi-arid Yellow Basin
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4. Drying 4. Drying influence of influence of
Siberian HighSiberian HighKeeps winters dryKeeps winters dry
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Impact of Siberian HighImpact of Siberian High
January – Siberian High -- Floods N. China with Dry Cold Air
http://www.carleton.ca/~tpatters/teaching/climatechange/change/change68.html
Siberian High
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RESULTSRESULTSPrecipitation VolumePrecipitation Volume
Precipitation VariabilityPrecipitation Variability
Land use PatternLand use Pattern
Dust stormsDust storms
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ResultResult
Clear North – South Divide of Precipitation
Also East-West Divide
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Result 2 -- Result 2 -- VariabilityVariability
The lower the rainfall the greater the annual variability
Variability is statistical measure of variance around the mean
Average rainfall is what we always expect
Variability indicates the range, how little might we get or how much
Where is drought most likely???
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The higher the number the more annual variation – numbers vary from 10 to 35
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20152015
Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 1616http://www.agweb.com/article/farmers-in-china-wrestle-with-drought/
http://www.agweb.com/article/farmers-in-china-wrestle-with-drought/
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20122012
Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 1717
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4ki86NcDdI
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Drought In ChinaDrought In China
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12609202
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Interactive Historical Map Interactive Historical Map http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/infographic-interactive-timeline-mapping-chinas-drought-ridden-provinces-since-2007/
Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 1919
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Additional VideoAdditional Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBGsxn_lvX4
2020Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China
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Grasslands
Click on map for interactive sighthttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_gras_bs.htm
Source: Institute of Remote Sensing, China, Beijing 2121Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China
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Agriculture
Click on map for interactive sighthttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_cult_bs.htm
Source: Institute of Remote Sensing China, Beijing 2222Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China
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Forests
Click on map for interactive site http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_for_bs.htm
Source: Institute of Remote Sensing, China, Beijing 2323Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China
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Land Use: All Types
Click on map for interactive site http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_all_bs.htm
Source: Institute of Remote Sensing, China, Beijing 2424Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China
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Remote Sensing & Land-Use Remote Sensing & Land-Use ChangesChanges
AN ENVIRONMENTAL AN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
CRITICAL AREAS IN NORTHWEST CRITICAL AREAS IN NORTHWEST CHINA BASED ON REMOTE CHINA BASED ON REMOTE
SENSINGSENSINGA Sino-Belgian Cooperation A Sino-Belgian Cooperation
ProjectProjectSource: http://www.geo.ucl.ac.be/Recherche/Teledetection/Projects/China1.htmlSource: http://www.geo.ucl.ac.be/Recherche/Teledetection/Projects/China1.html
AbstractDue to the arid climate, water deficiency and soil erosion, the northwest region of China is confronted with several severe challenges, e.g., poverty, pollution and ecological degradation. Poorly planned exploitation of the natural resources and unreasonable land-use produce a further degradation of the terrestrial ecosystems. This Sino-Belgian cooperation project aims to monitor land-cover change in critical regions and design a monitoring system to meet the needs of the Chinese government "To Develop the Northwest". Test Sites: North Ningxia (Helan Mountains, Yinchuan Plain and part of Maowusu Sandy Land), Xinjiang (Northern Tarim Basin) and North Shaanxi (Part of Maowusu Sandy Land and Loess Plateau).
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Add Anthropogenic AerosolsAdd Anthropogenic AerosolsSeaWiFS image of eastern China shows the widespread nature of the pollution SeaWiFS image of eastern China shows the widespread nature of the pollution
problem. Beijing has completely disappeared under the haze. problem. Beijing has completely disappeared under the haze. 11-20-1999
Credit: Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGESatellite:OrbView-2Sensor:SeaWiFSImage Date:11-20-1999Copyright:All SeaWiFS images are for research and educational use only. All commercial use of SeaWiFS data must be coordinated with Orbimage (http://www.orbimage.com/).
Click on Picture to go to website and full sized image
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http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/GIS/img/ch_wind.jpg
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5. Water 5. Water Resources in Resources in
ChinaChina
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1999/107p251-256wu/wufig1B.GIF
Grade 1 – Drinking
Grade 2 – Bathing
Grade 3 – Industry
Grade 4 Irrigation
Grade 5 –None of the above
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Ma Jun’s new On-Line Water Ma Jun’s new On-Line Water Pollution mapPollution map
http://www.ipe.org.cn/english/index.jsp http://www.ipe.org.cn/english/index.jsp
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1999/107p251-256wu/wufig1B.GIF
In 2000, the organic pollution was universal in the surface water of seven major river basins in China. 57.7% of the sections of the mainstream of various river basins met the water quality standard for Grade III. 21.6% met the standard for Grade IV and 6.9% that for Grade V. And 13.8% had the water quality worse than the standard for Grade V. The eutrophication of major lakes was an outstanding problem. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/SOE/soechina2000/english/water/water_maine.htm
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Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Three Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Three Rivers and Three LakesRivers and Three Lakes The second-phase targets for The second-phase targets for water pollution prevention and control in the Huai River and water pollution prevention and control in the Huai River and three lakes have been basically achieved. The first phase of three lakes have been basically achieved. The first phase of the pollution control in the Hai River and the Liao River is the pollution control in the Hai River and the Liao River is starting. 38 municipal wastewater treatment plants have starting. 38 municipal wastewater treatment plants have been or are being built in the Huai River Basin. The capacity been or are being built in the Huai River Basin. The capacity of treatment of those plants built and under construction is of treatment of those plants built and under construction is 3.125 million tons/day, accounting for 86.0% of the capacity 3.125 million tons/day, accounting for 86.0% of the capacity of the total planned plants. There are 53 municipal of the total planned plants. There are 53 municipal wastewater treatment plants built and under construction wastewater treatment plants built and under construction in the Tai Lake Basin. Five municipal wastewater treatment in the Tai Lake Basin. Five municipal wastewater treatment plants are under construction in the Dianchi Lake Basin. plants are under construction in the Dianchi Lake Basin. One of them is expanding its capacity of treatment and four One of them is expanding its capacity of treatment and four of them are new plants. The water pollution control is of them are new plants. The water pollution control is comprehensively undertaken in Chao Lake. comprehensively undertaken in Chao Lake.
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Monday, November 28, 2005 Posted: 0459 GMT Monday, November 28, 2005 Posted: 0459 GMT (1259 HKT) (1259 HKT)
A woman balances a basin as she waits to A woman balances a basin as she waits to
fill it with water from a tanker truck in a fill it with water from a tanker truck in a street in Harbin.Image:street in Harbin.Image:
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