CAUSES

EFFECTS

Focal ProblemFocal Problem

Developing the Problem Tree

Turning the problem into a positive

statement can give the outcome or impact

Turning the problem into a positive

statement can give the outcome or impact

Addressing the causes can identify possible

outputs and activities

Addressing the effects identifies possible

indicators

1

CAUSES(But why?)

EFFECTS(So what?) Increased Agricultural Productivity Increased Agricultural Productivity

Low capacity of Extension

Workers

Soil Erosion National policy not evidence-

based

Limited Knowledge of Farmers

on Marketing

Limited Access to

Land

Limited Market

Low Income

Low Export

Limited Access to

Value Chains and

Technologies Weak

Statistics System

Low Govt. Budget

Malnutrition Demand exceeds

Supply

Increased Poverty

Low GDP Growth A problem

tree

2

No Access to Finance

Possible Objectives

Possible IndicatorsIncreased Agricultural Productivity Increased Agricultural Productivity

Build capacity of Extension Workers

Reduce Soil Erosion

Support Evidence

Based Policy

Build Knowledge of Farmers

on Marketing

Land Tenure Regularization

Improved Market Access Higher Income

High Export

Increase Access to

Value Chains and

Technologies Improve

Statistics System

Inject into Govt. Revenue

Improved NutritionIncreased Supply

Reduced Poverty

Increased GDP Growth

An Objective

Tree

3

Provide Access to Finance

Stakeholder Analysis: Increased Agricultural Productivity

  

Opposition   Support

Active opponent

Passive opponent

NeutralPassive

supporterActive

supporter

Stakeholder

Power

High

  International Traders 

    Policy Makers

Food Buyers and Processors 

Medium    

 

  Ministry of Agricutlure

Chambers of Agriculture

 Extension units

Low    

 

National data and statistical units

 

Farmers

Producer Organizations 

Capacity Assessment

5

Dimensions Capacity areas Existing situation

Desired situation Interventions Responsible

Priority (1-4 (hi to low)

Enabling Environment

Policy and legal frameworks

Land tenure laws need update

Supportive land tenure law being implemented

Support legal reform

FAO (LEG)

2 High

Economic framework and national public sector budget...

Poor budget allocation

Need national budget allocation

Support to Advocacy activities

FAO Rep. 1 Very high

Organizations Institutional motivation

Extension unit needs ....

Strong and active extension unit

Org. analysis and development support

FAO (AGP)

1 Very high

Operational capacity ...

Stats unit needs....

Strong stats unit linked with policy makers

Training and coordination

FAO (ESA)

2 High

Individuals Skills levels Farmers skills on business improved

NGO partners

1 Very high

Competency development

Increased Agricultural Productivity Increased Agricultural Productivity

Build capacity of Extension Workers

Reduce Soil Erosion

Support Evidence

Based Policy

Build Knowledge of Farmers

on Marketing

Provide Access to Finance

Increase Access to

Value Chains and

Technologies

Land Tenure Regularization

Improve Statistics System

Inject into Govt.

Revenue

•Degree of fit with higher plans/Core Functions

•What are others doing?

•FAO comparative advantage and capacity?

•Alignment with FAO ORs

•Alignment with country priorities?

•Risks and assumptions? Who is at risk?

•Degree of fit with higher plans/Core Functions

•What are others doing?

•FAO comparative advantage and capacity?

•Alignment with FAO ORs

•Alignment with country priorities?

•Risks and assumptions? Who is at risk?

Use objective criteria to analyse which objectives

‘root’ to prioritise

Use objective criteria to analyse which objectives

‘root’ to prioritise

•Feasibility?

•Social criteria

•Technical

•Institutional

•Economic & Financial

•Environmental

•Feasibility?

•Social criteria

•Technical

•Institutional

•Economic & Financial

•Environmental

Options Analysis

6

Formulating Results Chain

7

Objectives Selected after Prioritisation

Refined Results Chain

Increased Agricultural Productivity CPF Outcome 1: Smallholder Commercialization Programme (SCP) is supported to improve productivity and processing

Build Capacity of Extension Workers Output 1.1 Technical capacity of the agriculture sector staff at central and district level is strengthened.

Improve Statistics System Output 1.2 A system for the collection, analysis and use of agricultural statistics (including fisheries, livestock, land and forestry) for policy making is improved.

Increase Access to Value Chains and Technologies Output 1.3 Access to agro-services and value chain development improved

Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Output 1.4 Farmers know how for processing and marketing of agricultural and fisheries/aquaculture products is improved (empower national partners to strengthen farmer/s programme)