catalyst and filter systems for eu6 and their recycling dr
TRANSCRIPT
Catalyst and filter systems
for EU6 and their recycling
Dr.-Ir. Egbert S.J. LOX Umicore N.V./S.A.
Government Affairs
Broekstraat 31
BE-1000 Brussels
Belgium
Take away’s
• Industry has proven over almost half a century it’s ability to generate the
technologies needed for meeting increasingly demanding emission limits
• Today’s vehicles have catalysts, electronic components and Li-ion batteries
that contain valuable metals that merit being recycled
• Recycling of emission control catalysts is a running business with overall
recycling efficiency depending today largely on how many of the end-of-life
catalysts are collected
• A substantial amount of the Platinum Group Metals needed for new
catalysts is already today supplied through this recycling activities
• Clean air and circular economy are economic activities with the potential to
create new jobs
(Source : C. Meskers IARC 2013)
The evolution of mobility
+ steel alloys & decoration + catalyst
1920s
1950s 1980s
Power
Style Clean
air
Intelligence
+ electronics
+ aux. electric motors
+ lightweighting
2000s > 2010
+ NiMH/Li-Ion battery
+ FC stacks
+ e-drives
Low
carbon
1900s
Mobility
Metals*
Pb Cu Cr
Al Zn Pt Pd
Rh Ce La
Ga In
Sb Sn
Fe
Au
Ag Ge
Sm
Pr Nd
Mg Dy Tb
Ni Co Li Ru
*list only indicative
Christina Meskers
13th International Automobile Recycling
Congress
March 13 – 15, 2013
Brussels
Historical evolution of catalytic aftertreatment for
Otto- and Diesel engines 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
(diesel) + NOx aftertreatment
(otto + diesel) + Particulate Numbers
(otto + diesel) + updated test cycles
(otto + diesel) + CO2 limits
(otto) CO & HC & NOx aftertreatment
(diesel) CO & HC & Particulate Mass aftertreatment
5
Control of CO & HC & NOx & PM & PN :
internal combustion engine powertrains
Automotive
catalysts and
catalytic filters
Materials for
electronics
TWC
TWC
Catalytic aftertreatment for Otto engines
Three Way Catalyst
Three way Catalyst
+ catalytic Gasoline
Particulate Filter
c-GPF
Real World road durability validation Otto engine with TWC + c- GPF Particulate Number over durability distance
1,0E+13
engine out fresh
2,2E+12
1,0E+12
3,4E+11 2,3E+11
4,6E+10 5,2E+10
8,6E+10
5,0E+12
500 km 50 Kkm 100 Kkm 160 Kkm Engine out
@160 Kkm
1,0E+11
1,0E+11
PN EU6c
Pa
rtic
lua
tes N
ED
C [
#/k
m]
NSC cDPF
DOC cDPF SCR
Urea
DOC
Urea DPF SCR
DOC SDPF
Urea
EU
6c/E
U7 /
RD
E
LE
V III
Urea
SDPF SCR NSC
light
Urea
SCR SDPF NSC
DiAir-
NSC cDPF
Di-Air
SCR NSC cDPF
Catalytic aftertreatment for Diesel engines
Incre
asin
g V
ehic
le W
eig
ht
/ N
Ox
Em
issio
ns
9
Real Driving requirements guide especially
Diesel aftertreatment system development
Source : B. Krutsch, Minox 2012
Steady growth in European LDV production
. . . but significant growth in catalyst demand . . .
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Mill
ion
s
LDV Production Catalyst Demand
Estimated catalyst demand LDV production
11
Control of CO & HC & NOx & PM & PN
& CO2 : hybrid powertrains
Automotive catalysts &
catalytic filters
Components for
electronics
Battery materials
Autocatalyst
Pt Pd
Rh Ce La
In Pd Ga
Sb Sn
Au
Ag Ge
Electronics
Cu Ni Co
Rechargeable
battery
disassembly export 15 years
Closing the loop in automotive components
takes time … (source ARN report 2013)
14
Refining
Shredding
Collection
Smelting
Dismantling
Recycling is a chain, not a single process
Number of actors
in European market
1,000’s
100’s
~ 10
10,000’s
High metallurgical recovery
rates are useless if collection is
poor, or metals are lost during
dismantling & shredding
Final step: smelting & refining of
scarce metals (PGMs, PMs, etc.)
global market
Consumption of PGM for autocatalysts (‘000 tr.oz.)
15
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013(extrapto 4/Q's)
without recycling including recycling EU without recycling
EUR3 EUR4 EUR5
without recycling with recycling
New pilot unit recycling, Hoboken, Belgium
New production site automotive catalysts
Bad Säckingen, Germany
Production expansion automotive catalysts
Florange, France
Thanks to many colleagues for valuable
input and
Thank you for your
attention !