”Let's open up for discussion”

Other scales than local - global?

Does applying a modelmake conclusions generalisable?

Effects of increased connectivity?

Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

a neglected disease

Global distribution of HAT

Source: Wikipedia.org

Source: http://www.infektionsbiologie.ch/seiten/modellparasiten/seiten/trypanosoma/steckbrief_tryps.html 

T. b. gambiense-human reservoir important -long incubation 

T. b. rhodesiense  -animal reservoir important-short incubation

Source: http://www.infektionsbiologie.ch/seiten/modellparasiten/seiten/trypanosoma/steckbrief_tryps.html 

Source: Berrang-Ford et al., 2005: "Sleeping Sickness in Southeastern Uganda: A Systems Approach"

   Past social-ecological drivers  

•Human and livestock population size

•Human and livestock movement

•Habitat change

•Homogenisation of land use and livestock varieties

•Coevolution of livestock and parasites

•…but there is potential to control the disease through good governance

source: vaniqa.com

Institutions

Drugs for neglected diseases initiative

(DNDI)

creates new institutions such as public-private partnership

own rules, norms and strategies

guarantees medicine production

replacing market failure

institutions (Buse & Walt

2002)

Government prophylaxis policy

Intended institution:

Prophylaxis for cattle recommended on a regular basis

Cattle control at markets

(Mis)interpreted local institution:

Local authorities distribute antibiotics on routine

Drug resistance among cattle

(Menong, 2002)

Thank you!

Discussion!

Changing Agricultural Landscape in Bali

Anders Diseberg

Daniel Ospina

Problem at hand

• Preservation of traditional Balinese culture ?

?

• When is change a problem?

• Land-use change (tourism and urbanisation), and a trend to non-agricultural activities.

Loss of rice production

Cultural homogenisation

Main internal stress: 

• Reduced soil fertility

o Subak meetings are arenas to discuss such issues, but... 

o 'threshold misfit'?

Local dynamics are increasingly defined by external factors:

o  Fluctuating markets

o  Tourism industry 

o  Cultural diffusion of Western values

‘Spatial misfit’ in relation to Subak?

Lack of institutions dealing with these stresses?

Protect cultural values

Ensure viable rice farming 

Taking multiple issues into account (eg. tourism, agriculture, infrastructure)

World Heritage Cultural Landscape

• The committee working on this acts as a bridging organisation

Management Plan

• Recognition of customary organisations and institutions:

polycentric system

diversity of institutions

Other actors involved: NGOs? Public-Private partnership?

Thanks!