casa – collaborative adaptive sensing of the atmosphere nwrt/par – national weather radar...
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CASA – Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the AtmosphereNWRT/PAR – National Weather Radar Testbed / Phased Array Radar
Kurt D. HondlDOC/NOAA/OARNational Severe Storms Laboratory
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 2
CASA
WSR-88D
CASA X-Band
Earth’s curvature Earth’s curvature prevents 72% of the prevents 72% of the atmosphere below atmosphere below 1 km from being 1 km from being
observedobserved
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 3
CASA
What is CASA? Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere NSF sponsored Engineering Research Center
University of Massachusetts (Amherst) University of Oklahoma Colorado State University University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez
To revolutionize the way we observe, understand, and predict hazardous weather by creating Distributed Collaborative Adaptive Sensing networks that sample the atmosphere where and when end-user needs are greatest.
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 4
CASA
What is DCAS?
Distributive concept: a network of radars with overlapping beam coverage
Collaborative: multiple radar nodes communicating with one another
Adaptive: ability to adapt to features being observed and end-user needs
Sensing: radars designed using state-of-the-art solid-state, phased-array technology
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 5
CASA
Some things to know Demonstrate capability to scan below WSR-88D
Scan below 3km
SOCC – System Operations Control Center Acquires data from all nodes
MC&C - Meteorological Command and Control Resource allocation based on competing user needs and
weather threat(s) present Detection algorithms to identify severe weather features Sends scan strategy commands to radars
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 6
CASA
3 km
6 km
25 km
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Goal: Map winds, rain below 3 km.
Neighbor radars map “cone of silence” above a radar. Multiple-Doppler wind measurement throughout.
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 7
CASA
Initial Capability for IP1 (Oklahoma testbed) 4 Mechanical scanning radars (1 prototype exists)
X-Band (3 cm wavelength) Antenna diameter of 4 feet (2 degree beamwidth) Dual polarization Dual PRF processing (effective Nyquist of 36 m s-1) Data collection rate of 24 radials per second
Deployment spring of 2006 4 production radars to be built this year Moment data transmitted to SOCC via OneNet
Detection algorithms developed in WDSS-II Focusing on severe convective events
Circulation / Tornadic vortex signatures
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 8
CASA – Prototype Radar
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 9
CASA – Oklahoma Testbed
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 10
CASA – QPE Research
IP2 Objectives (Rain & Urban Flooding) Investigate QPE (Houston testbed)
Collaboration with Texas Medical Center Covering watershed for Bray’s Bayou Site-specific forecasts at scales 10-100 km2 Deployment 2007
QPE impacts Fine scale temporal and spatial resolution Dual polarization parameters Attenuation at X-Band Designed for distributed hydrologic modeling as end user
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 11
CASA
Radar Engineering ResearchElectronic scanning arraysTechnologies being investigated
Frequency/Phase ArrayPhase/Phase ArrayDiscrete Lens Array
IssuesCostTechnology developmentDual polarization capability
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NWRT / PAR
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 13
NWRT / PAR
Objectives1. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a phased array radar in
providing longer lead time for severe storm warnings. 2. To provide a research testbed leading to the development of
improved/new weather radars for the 21st century 3. To support meteorological research into the evolution of
hazardous weather events resulting in an enhanced capability to detect and predict severe weather
4. To provide rapid update data for initialization of numerical models that will improve forecasting and nowcasting capability.
5. To provide a platform for investigating feasibility of dual-use applications from a single radar ( I.e. weather, aircraft tracking, etc.)
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 14
NWRT / PAR
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 15
NWRT / PARPS CabinetPS Cabinet
APP CabinetAPP Cabinet
New Receiver/Exciter/AWG/PS for LNA/RTC Cabinet
AuxiliaryEquipment(Transformer/Converter/Filters/Junction Boxes)
WSR-88DTransmitter
RotatingTurntable
FAA Warning LightAnd Lightning Rod
StationaryRadome with Zenith Hatch
AntennaTemperatureControl
SupportStructure
SPY-1AAntenna
Pedestal
Concrete RadomeWall & Base
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 16
NWRT / PAR
SpecificationsWSR-88D transmitter (3.2 GHz)SPY-1A antenna array
Passive array of 4,352 elementsScans ±60 degrees1.5 – to – 2.5 degree beamwidth
VCP 12 collection (~ 40 seconds per quad)Faster once beam multiplexing is implemented
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 17
NWRT / PAR
KTLX 0.5 deg NWRT 0.75 deg
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 18
NWRT / PAR
Impact on QPEVertical polarization
NEXRAD is horizontally polarizedReduced sensitivity
NEXRAD -10 dBZ vs NWRT 5.89 dBZ at 50 kmGround clutter
No clutter filtering implemented yet
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 19
NWRT / PAR
Current WorkBeam multiplexing
Speed up data collectionRadial data transmission
Current WDP waits till end of volumeAllows additional processing
Severe weather algorithmsWDSS-II algorithms and display
System engineering
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28 June 2005 Hondl - Q2 Workshop 20
NWRT / PAR
Future WorkAdaptive scanning Improved transmitter – dual frequencyMulti-use applications
Wind profilingAircraft trackingChemical/Biological profiling
Dual-Polarization