carriage of dangerous goods by road (adr) & comparasion of asme 8, asme 12 and adr avnİ akgÜl...

CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD (ADR)&

Comparasion of ASME 8, ASME 12 and ADR

AVNİ AKGÜLExpert (Dangerous Goods Transportation)

[email protected]

November 2013

©2013 Türk Standardları Enstitüsü

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mailto:[email protected]


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INTRODUCTION

The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) was done at Geneva on 30 September 1957 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and it entered into force on 29 January 1968. The Agreement itself was amended by the Protocol amending article 14 (3) done at New York on 21 August 1975, which entered into force on 19 April 1985. 18.


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INTRODUCTION

The ADR agreement allows dangerous goods travelling by road through more than one country to be exempt from the domestic legislation in force in those countries, as long as the requirements of ADR are met in full. However, ADR contains no provisions for enforcement and therefore, where a vehicle travelling under ADR does not comply in full, the vehicle becomes subject to all domestic requirements. As such any enforcement action should be framed in terms of the relevant domestic regulations.


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INTRODUCTION

In addition, vehicles registered outside the TR may also travel under ADR while carrying dangerous goods on journeys confined to the TR, i.e. on non-international journeys. This procedure allows, whereby 'foreign' vehicles may carry dangerous goods on domestic journeys without having to conform to domestic legislation.

For example, a Dutch vehicle travelling under ADR on an international journey involving the consignment of dangerous goods from Rotterdam for delivery in Mersin may pick up another load of dangerous goods in Mersin for delivery in Ankara. Although the Mersin - Ankara journey is not international the vehicle may still travel under ADR.


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INTRODUCTION

Countries Legislation governing the carriage of dangerous goods by road nationally and throughout Europe, and adopted by 48 countries worldwide, is based on the ADR. This agreement has been in place for over 50 years, and is amended every two years.


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INTRODUCTION

The parts of ADRAccording to article 2 of the Agreement, dangerous goods barred from carriage by Annex A shall not be accepted for international transport, while international transport of other dangerous goods shall be authorized subject to compliance with

-the conditions laid down in Annex A for the goods in question, in particular as regards their packaging and labelling; and - the conditions laid down in Annex B, in particular as regards the construction, equipment and operation of the vehicle carrying the goods in question.

Annexes A and B have been regularly amended and updated since the entry into force of ADR


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INTRODUCTION

Structure of Annexes A and B It has been split into nine parts, but still grouped under two annexes to align with the wording of article 2 of the Agreement itself. The layout is as follows: Annex A: General provisions and provisions concerning dangerous articles and substances Part 1- General provisionsPart 2 -ClassificationPart 3-Dangerous goods list, special provisions and exemptions related to limited and excepted quantities


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INTRODUCTION

Structure of Annexes A and B (Continue)

Part 4-Packing and tank provisions

Part 5- Consignment procedures

Part 6- Requirements for the construction and testing of packagings, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), large packagings, tanks and bulk containers

Part 7- Provisions concerning the conditions of carriage, loading, unloading and handling


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INTRODUCTION

Structure of Annexes A and B (Continue)

Annex B: Provisions concerning transport equipment and transport operations Part 8 Requirements for vehicle crews, equipment, operation and documentation

Part 9 Requirements concerning the construction and approval of vehicles


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INTRODUCTION

Part 1, which contains general provisions and definitions, is an essential part, since it contains all definitions for terms used throughout the other parts, and it defines precisely the scope and applicability of ADR,including the possibility of exemptions, as well as the applicability of other regulations. It also contains provisions concerning training, derogations and transitional measures, the respective safety obligations of the various participants in a chain of transport of dangerous goods, control measures, safety advisers, restrictions for the passage of vehicles carrying dangerous goods through road tunnels and transport of dangerous goods security.


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INTRODUCTION

Central to the use of the restructured ADR is table A of Chapter 3.2 which contains the dangerous goods list in the numerical order of UN numbers.

Once the UN number of a specific dangerous substance or article has been determined, the table provides cross-references to specific requirements to be applied for the carriage of that substance or article, and to the chapters or sections where these specific requirements may be found.


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INTRODUCTION

When goods which are known or suspected to be dangerous cannot be found by name in any of tables A or B, they have to be classified in accordance with Part 2, which contains all relevant procedures and criteria to determine whether such goods are deemed to be dangerous or not and which UN number should be assigned.


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INTRODUCTION

The international working party on the transport of dangerous goods (WP15), normally meets twice a year to review the conditions governing the international transport of dangerous goods between European countries by road and rail, with the aim of aligning ADR and RID with the UN recommendations. Decisions taken by WP15, when subsequently approved, are included in the latest edition of ADR for implementation. Any query concerning the application of ADR should be directed to the relevant competent authority.Additional information may be found on the UNECE Transport Division website on the following page: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm

http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm


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DEFINITIONS:

"Dangerous goods" means those substances and articles the carriage of which is prohibited by ADR, or authorized only under the conditions prescribed therein;


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DEFINITIONS:

"Dangerous reaction" means (a)Combustion or evolution of considerable heat;(b)Evolution of flammable, asphyxiant, oxidizing or toxic gases(c)The formation of corrosive substances;(d)The formation of unstable substances; or(e)Dangerous rise in pressure (for tanks only);


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DEFINITIONS:

"Tank" means a shell, including its service and structural equipment. When used alone, the term tank means a tank-container, portable tank, demountable tank or fixed tank as defined in this Part, including tanks forming elements of battery-vehicles or MEGCs


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DEFINITIONS:"Demountable tank" means a tank, other than a fixed tank, a portable tank, a tank-container or an element of a battery-vehicle or a MEGC which has a capacity of more than 450 litres, is not designed for the carriage of goods without breakage of load, and normally can only be handled when it is empty;


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DEFINITIONS:Battery Vehicle"Battery-vehicle" means a vehicle containing elements which are linked to each other by a manifold and permanently fixed to this vehicle. The following elements are considered to be elements of a battery-vehicle: cylinders, tubes, bundles of cylinders (also known as frames), pressure drums as well as tanks destined for the carriage of gases as defined in 2.2.2.1.1 with a capacity of more than 450 litres


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DEFINITIONS:

"Fixed tank" means a tank having a capacity of more than 1 000 litres which is permanently attached to a vehicle (which then becomes a tank-vehicle) or is an integral part of the frame of such vehicle;


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DEFINITIONS:

"Mobile explosives manufacturing unit" (MEMU) means a unit, or a vehicle mounted with a unit, for manufacturing and charging explosives from dangerous goods that are not explosives. The unit consists of various tanks and bulk containers and process equipment as well as pumps and related equipment. The MEMU may have special compartments for packaged explosives;NOTE: Even though the definition of MEMU includes the expression "manufacturing and charging explosives" the requirements for MEMUs apply only to carriage and not to manufacturing and charging of explosives.


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DEFINITIONS:

"Tank-container" means an article of transport equipment meeting the definition of a container, and comprising a shell and items of equipment, including the equipment to facilitate movement of the tank-container without significant change of attitude, used for the carriage of gases, liquid, powdery or granular substances and, when used for the carriage of gases as defined in 2.2.2.1.1, having a capacity of more than 0.45 m3 (450 litres);


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DEFINITIONS:Multiple-element gas container"Multiple-element gas container" (MEGC) means a unit containing elements which are linked to each other by a manifold and mounted on a frame. The following elements are considered to be elements of a multiple-element gas container: cylinders, tubes, pressure drums and bundles of cylinders as well as tanks for the carriage of gases as defined in 2.2.2.1.1 having a capacity of more than 450 litres;


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DEFINITIONS:

"Portable tank" means a multimodal tank having, when used for the carriage of gases as defined in 2.2.2.1.1, a capacity of more than 450 litres in accordance with the definitions in Chapter 6.7 or the IMDG Code and indicated by a portable tank instruction (T-Code) in Column (10) of Table A of Chapter 3.2;


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DEFINITIONS:

"Cryogenic receptacle" means a transportable thermally insulated pressure receptacle for refrigerated liquefied gases of a water capacity of not more than 1 000 litres (see also "Open cryogenic receptacle");

"Cylinder" means a transportable pressure receptacle of a water capacity not exceeding 150 litres (see also "Bundle of cylinders");


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DEFINITIONS:

"Pressure receptacle" means a collective term that includes cylinders, tubes, pressure drums, closed cryogenic receptacles, metal hydride storage systems, bundles of cylinders and salvage pressure receptacles


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DEFINITIONS:

"Tank swap body" is considered to be a tank-container; "Tank-vehicle" means a vehicle built to carry liquids, gases or powdery or granular substances and comprising one or more fixed tanks. In addition to the vehicle proper, or the units of running gear used in its stead, a tank-vehicle comprises one or more shells, theiritems of equipment and the fittings for attaching them to the vehicle or to the running-gear units;


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DEFINITIONS:

"Pressure drum" means a welded transportable pressure receptacle of a water capacity exceeding 150 litres and of not more than1 000 litres, (e.g. cylindrical receptacles equipped with rolling hoops, spheres on skids);"


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DEFINITIONS:

Calculation Pressure

"Calculation pressure" means a theoretical pressure at least equal to the test pressure which, according to the degree of danger exhibited by the substance being carried, may to a greater or lesser degree exceed the working pressure. It is used solely to determine the thickness of the walls of the shell, independently of any external or internal reinforcing device


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DEFINITIONS:

"Discharge pressure" means the maximum pressure actually built up in the tank when it is being discharged under pressure .

"Test pressure" means the required pressure applied during a pressure test for initial or periodic inspection

"Filling pressure" means the maximum pressure actually built up in the tank when it is being filled under pressure


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DEFINITIONS:

"Hermetically closed tank" means a tank intended for the carriage of liquid substances with a calculation pressure of at least 4 bar or intended for the carriage of solid substances (powdery or granular) regardless of its calculation pressure, the openings of which are hermetically closed and which:-is not equipped with safety valves, bursting discs, other similar safety devices orvacuum valves; or - is not equipped with safety valves, bursting discs or other similar safety devices, but is equipped with vacuum valves, in accordance with the requirements of 6.8.2.2.3; or-is equipped with safety valves preceded by a bursting disc according to 6.8.2.2.10, but-is not equipped with vacuum valves; or-is equipped with safety valves preceded by a bursting disc according to 6.8.2.2.10 and vacuum valves, in accordance with the requirements of 6.8.2.2.3;


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DEFINITIONS:"Maximum working pressure (gauge pressure)" means the highest of the following three pressures: The highest effective pressure allowed in the tank during filling (maximum filling pressure allowed);The highest effective pressure allowed in the tank during discharge (maximum discharge pressure allowed); andThe effective gauge pressure to which the tank is subjected by its contents (including such extraneous gases as it may contain) at the maximum working temperature. Unless the special requirements prescribed in Chapter 4.3 provide otherwise, the numerical value of this working pressure (gauge pressure) shall not be lower than the vapour pressure (absolute pressure) of the filling substance at 50 °C.For tanks equipped with safety valves (with or without bursting disc) other than tanks for the carriage of compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases of Class 2, the maximum working pressure (gauge pressure) shall however be equal to the prescribed opening pressure of such safety valves.


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DEFINITIONS:

"N.O.S. entry (not otherwise specified entry)" means a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if they: Are not mentioned by name in Table A of Chapter 3.2; and Exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry;


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION: The classification criteria for the carriage of dangerous goods by road are provided in the ADR (Part 2, Chapter 2), and, where required, further classification criteria are set out in the associated UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. These documents facilitate the classification of any substance, mixture or article, including wastes. The nine main hazard classification groups will therefore cover thousands of individual substances many of which are identified in ADR, or if not individually identified, then by generic group identification. Each individual substance or group of substances is given a unique number known as the “UN” number.


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION: The classification or identification of dangerous goods is the most important step in the transport chain. In order to establish how dangerous goods can be transported safely you must firstly establish what it is you are dealing with as different dangerous goods require different measures to ensure their safe transport. For most companies this step is taken care of by the original manufacturer or supplier,and classification information can be seen on labels, Safety Data Sheets and transport documentation


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION:

However, if you are producing substances or articles that may pose a danger because of the nature of the substance or article (e.g. mixing flammable paints or inks,manufacturing corrosive detergents or producing wastes like asbestos, batteries or industrial effluent) as a consignor of dangerous goods you have a legal responsibility to classify such substances or articles for transport


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION: It is advisable to seek advice from a DGSA when carrying out such classification.Note that in addition to your duties as consignor outlined above, you may have additional legal responsibilities in relation to the classification of chemicals for supply and use.This applies primarily to manufacturers. A manufacturer is defined in the CLP Regulation (regulation on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures) as ‘any natural or legal person established within the Community who manufactures a substance within the Community’. The legal responsibility to classify does not apply to logistics companies, freight forwarders, couriers, etc.


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION:The classes of dangerous goods according to ADR are the following:

Class 1 Explosive substances and articlesClass 2 GasesClass 3 Flammable liquidsClass 4.1Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosivesClass 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustionClass 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases


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Class 5.1 Oxidizing substancesClass 5.2 Organic peroxidesClass 6.1Toxic substancesClass 6.2 Infectious substancesClass 7 Radioactive materialClass 8 Corrosive substancesClass 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION:For packing purposes, substances other than those of Classes 1, 2, 5.2, 6.2 and 7, and other than self-reactive substances of Class 4.1 are assigned to packing groups in accordance with the degree of danger they present:Packing group I: Substances presenting high danger;Packing group II: Substances presenting medium danger;Packing group III: Substances presenting low danger.The packing group(s) to which a substance is assigned is (are) indicated in Table A of Chapter 3.2.


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DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION: For example, petrol is a flammable liquid, “Class 3” and is assigned the unique UN number UN 1203. Substances are further categorised according to how dangerous they are by designating a “packing group” or “PG” as indicated in Table 4. On the basis of its properties (i.e. the flash point), petrol is allocated to PG II. For transport, all dangerous goods must be identified correctly and this information must be presented in a certain way The entry on the transport document for petrol is as follows:“UN1203, Petrol, 3, PG II” (the letters “PG” may be omitted)


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:

As a rule, each row of Table A of this Chapter deals with the substance(s) or article(s) covered by a specific UN number. However, when substances or articles belonging to the same UN number have different chemical properties, physical properties and/or carriage conditions,several consecutive rows may be used for that UN number


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:Explanatory notes for each column

Column (1) "UN No.“Column (2) "Name and description“Column (3a) "Class“Contains the number of the class, whose heading covers the dangerous substance or article. This class number is assigned in accordance with the procedures and criteria of Part 2Column (3b) "Classification code” For dangerous substances or articles of Class 2, the code consists of a number and hazardous property group, which are explained in2.2.2.1.2 and 2.2.2.1.3Column (4) "Packing group”


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:Explanatory notes for each column(Continue) Column (5) "Labels‘Contains the model number of the labels/placards (see 5.2.2.2 and 5.3.1.7) that have to be affixed to packages, containers, tank-containers, portable tanks, MEGCs and vehiclesColumn (6) "Special provisions“Contains the numeric codes of special provisions that have to be met. These provisions concern a wide array of subjects, mainly connected with thecontents of Columns (1) to (5) (e.g. carriage prohibitions, exemptions from requirements, explanations concerning the classification of certain forms of the dangerous goods concerned and additional labelling or marking provisions), and are listed in Chapter 3.3 in numerical order. If Column (6)is empty, no special provisions apply to the contents of Columns (1) to (5) for the dangerous goods

concerned.


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:Explanatory notes for each column(Continue)

Column (7a) "Limited Quantities“

Column (7b) "Excepted Quantities“ Column (8) "Packing instructions“ Column (9a) "Special packing provisions“ Column (9b) "Mixed packing provisions”


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Column (10) "Portable tank and bulk container İnstructions“

Contains an alphanumeric code assigned to a portable tank instruction, in accordance with 4.2.5.2.1 to 4.2.5.2.4 and 4.2.5.2.6. This portable tank instruction corresponds to the least stringent provisions that are acceptable for the carriage of the substance in portable tanks. The codes identifying the other portable tank instructions that are also permitted for the carriage of the substance are to be found in 4.2.5.2.5. If no code is given, carriage in portable tanks is not permitted unless a competent authority approval is

granted as detailed in 6.7.1.3.


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Column (11) "Portable tank and bulk container special provisions“

Contains the alphanumeric codes of the portable tank special provisions that have additionally to be met. These codes, starting with the letters "TP" refer to special provisions for the construction or use of these portable tanks. They are to be found in 4.2.5.3. TP1-TP40


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Column (12) "Tank codes for ADR tanks“

Contains an alphanumeric code describing a tank type, in accordance with 4.3.3.1.1 (for gases of Class 2) or 4.3.4.1.1 (for substances of Classes 3 to 9). This tank type corresponds to the least stringent tank provisions that are acceptable for the carriage of the relevant substance in ADR tanks. The codes describing the other permitted tank types are to be found in 4.3.3.1.2 (for gases of Class 2) or 4.3.4.1.2 (for substances of Classes 3 to 9). If no code is given, carriage in ADR tanks is not permitted.


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Column (12) "Tank codes for ADR tanks“

If in this column a tank code for solids (S) and for liquids (L) is indicated, this means that this substance may be offered for carriage in tanks in the solid or the liquid (molten) state. In general this provision is applicable to substances having melting points from 20 °C to 180 °C.

If for a solid, only a tank code for liquids (L) is indicated in this column, this means that this substance is only offered for carriage in tanks in the liquid (molten) state.

The indication of a "(M)" after the tank code means that the substance can also be carried in battery-vehicles or MEGCs.


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:Example: Tank code CxBN(M)C :Tank battery- vehicle or MEGC for compresed gasesX :min test pressureB: Tank with bottom fillingor discharge openings with 3 closuresN: Tank batery- vehicle or MEGC with safety valve acc.6.8.3.2.9 or2.10Tanks intended for the carriage of compressed or liquefied gases or dissolved gases, may be fitted with spring-loaded safety valves. These valves shall be capable of opening automatically under a pressure between 0.9 and 1.0 times the test pressure of the tank to which they are fitted. They shall be of such a type as to resist dynamic stresses, including liquid surge. The use of dead weight or counter weight valves is prohibited. The required capacity of the safety valves shall be calculated in accordance with the formula contained in 6.7.3.8.1.1

example: PXBNTank for liquefied gasExp: LGBFSubtances for liquid state cal pressure G , Bottom filling or Bottom discharge opening with 3 closures


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Column (13) "Special provisions for ADR tanks“Contains the alphanumeric codes of the special provisions for ADR tanksthat have additionally to be met: TU(4.3.5),TA(Type aproval), TC(construction),TE(eqipment),TT (Tests),TM (Marking)

Column (14) "Vehicle for tank carriage“

Contains a code designating the vehicle (including the drawing vehicle oftrailers or semi-trailers) (see 9.1.1) to be used for the carriage of thesubstance in tank in accordance with 7.4.2. The requirements concerningthe construction and approval of vehicles are to be found in Chapters 9.1,9.2 and 9.7.


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Column (15) "Transport category / (Tunnel restriction code)“

Column (16) "Special provisions for carriage - Packages“

Column (17) "Special provisions for carriage - Bulk“

Column (18) "Special provisions for carriage - Loading and unloading“

Column (19) "Special provisions for carriage - Operation“


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Column (20) "Hazard identification number”

2Emission of gas due to pressure or to chemical reaction3Flammability of liquids (vapours) and gases or self-heating liquid4Flammability of solids or self-heating solid5Oxidizing (fire-intensifying) effect6Toxicity or risk of infection7Radioactivity8 Corrosivity9 Risk of spontaneous violent reaction


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:TABLE 3.2 A (449)

Exp:UN NO:1965Name: HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURE, LIQUEFIED, N.O.S. such as mixtures A, A01, A02, A0, A1, B1, B2, B or CClass: 2at 50 °C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa (3 bar); oris completely gaseous at 20 °C at the standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.Classification code: 2FMixture A01, have a vapour pressure at 70 °C not exceeding 1.6 MPa (16 bar) and arelative density at 50 °C not lower than 0.516 kg/lPacking group:--Label:2.1

Spacitial Provision:583,652This entry covers inter alia mixturesSee page 51 adr


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DANGEROUS GOODS LIST:TABLE 3.2 A (449)Limitted and exceptted quantties: 0,E0Not permittedPacking instruction: P200 see page :II 125portable tank instruction :T50 Tank Code PxBN (M)Special provison for tank:TT9, TA 4Vehicle for carriage: FLHazard category:33


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Packaging, marking and hazard It is the responsibility of the consignor to ensure that packaging, and subsequent marking and labelling of such packaging, is appropriate and suitable for the substances, mixtures and articles consigned for carriage by road. It is recommended that you seek the advice of a DGSA when carrying out this task.


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Packaging and marking The ADR specifies the correct way to package dangerous goods, be it in a box, drum, container, or when carried in road tankers or other systems of containment. Packaging provides a safeguard for people and the environment during loading, transport and unloading of dangerous goods and must therefore be appropriate for the dangerous goods concerned. In most cases packaging is “UN approved”. This means the package has been tested and approved according to ADR. Approved packaging will be identified with a series of marks, as indicated in Figures 6, 7 and 8.


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Packaging and marking.


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Hazard labelling.


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Hazard labelling.

Labelling is applied to dangerous goods packages and provides an instant visual warning to everyone, not least those handling the goods and emergency services.Labels for transport are the hazard/class labels as provided in Table 3 . Labels are placed on the outside surface of packages as shown in Figure 9, and must conform to the specification set in ADR (e.g. minimum dimensions of 100mm x 100mm)


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Hazard labelling.


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Hazard labelling.


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Vehicles, marking and labelling.

Some vehicles used to transport dangerous goods are highly specialised (e.g. Vehicles used to transport explosives, and road tankers). Such vehicles must be certified annuallyfor the transport of dangerous goods.


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With the exception of those carrying explosives, vehicles carrying packaged dangerous goods may be standard vehicles (e.g. vans and curtain sided vehicles) and no ADR annual certification is necessary.

It is the responsibility of carriers to ensure the correct vehicle is used and that appropriate marking is applied. Drivers may also share in the marking duties (e.g. Their responsibilities include the removal/covering of ADR “orange plates” when all dangerous goods are unloaded).

When vehicles are transporting dangerous goods, they are marked with ADR orange plates (front and rear). When vehicles are carrying containers, the freight container must also be labelled or “placarded” with the appropriate class label on all four sides


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Placards when used on vehicles, containers or tanks must have minimum dimensions of 250mm x 250mm.ADR blank orange plate, 400mm300mm, border line, black 15mm in thickness (front and rear of vehicle). For small vehicles, plate may be reducedin size to 300mm x 120mm and a 10mm border line.


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For the carriage of dangerous goods in tanks, ADR requires marking of both the vehicle and tank (e.g. numbered orange plates at the front and rear of the vehicle, hazard placards and other marks as required on each side of the tank and at the rear).Alternative marking methods are specified in ADR. Blank orange plates may be used at the front and rear of the vehicle with numbered orange plates on each side of the tank.

Figure 16 provides an example of such side tank marking with numbered orange plate,class hazard placard and an elevated temperature mark (red triangle with thermometer).


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When different goods are carried in a multi–compartment tank, side marking is usedwhen marking each separate compartment.


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Requirements concerning the construction and approval of vehicles

The requirements of Part 9 shall apply to vehicles of categories N and O, as defined in Annex 7 of the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3)1, intendedfor the carriage of dangerous goods


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Requirements concerning the construction and approval of vehiclesBraking equipment in accordance with ECE RegulationNo. 13 or Directive 71/320/EEC

Speed limitation device in accordance with ECE RegulationNo. 89 or Directive 92/24/EEC

ECE Regulation No. 105 (Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles intended for the carriage ofdangerous goods with regard to their specific constructional features)


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Comparison between American and European Pressure Vessel Rules

History of pressure vessel codes

• Boiler explosion on March 20, 1905 in Brockton, Massachusetts.

• 58 killed and 117 injured.• Need of legislative rules and regulation for construction of

boilers.• The first Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was published in

1915.• Necessary changes made and new sections added as need

arose.

What is a Code ?

• A code is a standard that has been adopted by one or more governmental bodies and has the force of law, or when it has been incorporated into a business contract.•Codes specify requirements of design, fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure vessels.•Number of national codes have been developed for pressure vessels by different countries.

WHAT ARE ASME CODES?• It is a standard that provides rules for the design, fabrication,

and inspection of boilers and pressure.• This establishes and maintains design, construction and

inspection standards providing for maximum protection of life and property.

ASME Codes - Manufacturer

• A manufacturer obtains permission to use one of the stamps through the ASME conformity assessment process.

• The manufacturer’s quality control system is reviewed by an ASME team.

• If it meets ASME requirements and the manufacturer successfully demonstrates implementation of the program, the manufacturer is accredited by ASME.

• The manufacturer then may certify the product as meeting ASME standards and apply the stamp to the product.

Why follow ASME codes?

• Excessive elastic deformation including elastic instability• Excessive plastic deformation• Brittle fracture• Stress rupture or creep deformation (inelastic)• Plastic instability and incremental collapse• High strain and low cycle fatigue• Stress corrosion• Corrosion fatigue

The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is as follows:1. Section I: Power Boilers2. Section II: Material Specification:

i. Ferrous Material Specifications – Part Aii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications – Part Biii. Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals – Part Civ. Properties – Part D

3. Section III Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2i. Section III Division 1:

a. Subsection NA: General Requirementsb. Subsection NB: Class 1 Components

• Subsection NC: Class 2 Componentsd. Subsection ND: Class 3 Componentse. Subsection NE: Class MC Componentsf. Subsection NF: Component Supportsg. Subsection NG: Core Support Structuresh. Appendices: Code Case N-47 Class 1:

Components in Elevated Temperature Service• Section III, Division 2: Codes for Concrete Reactor

Vessel and Containment• Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers• Section V: Nondestructive Examinations

• Section VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

• Section VII: Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power Boilers

• Section VIIIi. Division 1: Pressure Vessels – Rules for

Constructionii. Division 2: Pressure Vessels – Alternative Rules

• Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications• Section X: Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels• Section XI: Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear

Power Plant Components

Stamps

Nomenclature

Example

• A heat exchanger qualifies as a UM stamped pressure vessel if:

- Design pressure < 15psig- Internal volume < 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig- Internal volume < 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig

Example

• A heat exchanger qualifies as a U stamped pressure vessel if:- Design pressure > 600 psig- Internal volume > 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig- Internal volume > 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig

Explosions

• In spite of some of the most rigorous, well-conceived safety rules and procedures ever put together, boiler and pressure vessel accidents continue to occur.

• In 1980, for example, the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors reported:

- 1972 boiler and pressure vessel accidents, 108 injuries and 22 deaths.

• The pressure vessel explosions are of course rare nowadays and are often caused by incorrect operation or poorly monitored corrosion.

• Safety in boiler and pressure vessels can be achieved by:

Proper design and construction

Proper maintenance and inspection

Proper operator performance and vessel operation

LEGAL AND NORMATIVE ASPECTS

• USA: the ASME Code (Section VIII for Pressure Vessels) is the safety standard generally accepted, but there are differences in the different States (in some of them it is imposed by law, in other it is required for insurance purposes only).

• Europe: the PED (Presures Equipment Directive) is a law and therefore it is compulsory in all the European countries. It requires compliance with the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) only, not with a detailed set of rules. The use of a “Harmonized Standard” (EN 13445 for Pressure Vessels) assures “Presumption of Conformity” with the PED, but other standards are also acceptable, provided they take into account the ESRs.

REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• ASME: requires strict compliance with the section of the ASME code concerning a given pressure component (there is a specific section for each type of component). The ASME stamp (different for each section) assures full compliance with every detail contained in that section. The Manufacturer is responsible to take into account the requirements and loading conditions specified by the Purchaser..

• PED: the Manufacturer (not the Purchaser) is fully responsible for the safety of the equipment in all the possible conditions: normal operating, exceptional, testing, transport, erection, maintenance, etc. The CE mark means that only the ESRs have been complied with, not a specific code or standard. Design and fabrication must be made on the basis of a specific Risk Analysis, different for each component, under the responsibility of the Manufacturer.

DESIGN ACCORDING TO ASME SECTION VIII div.1• Nominal design stresses for Steels in Section VIII division 1 are

limited by a very high safety coefficient on tensile strength (3,5).

• In the creep range the characteristics of the welding material are supposed to be the same as the base metal.

• DBA (=Design by Analysis) and Fatigue Analysis only possible with Section VIII division 2 (special vessels).

• DBE (Design by Experiment) only possible where calculation formulae are not provided in the Code.

• Section VIII division 1 covers all materials (Steels, Cast Iron, Al alloys, Cu alloys, Ni alloys, Titanium, etc.)

DESIGN TO PED + EN13445.3

• Safety coefficients are only recommended, however deviations from recommended values must be supported by additional prescriptions giving the same level of safety.

• The harmonized Pressure Vessel Standard considers the recommended value of 2,4 on tensile strength; this value may be lowered to 1,875 (amendment already approved) if additional prescriptions are taken.

• The actual characteristics of weld metal must be taken into account, particularly in the creep range.

• DBA is always possible, fatigue analysis is mandatory for all vessels subject to cyclic loadings.

• DBE possible only for small components (in EN 13445.3 it will be covered in an amendment already approved).

• EN 13445 is limited to steels, Spheroidal Cast Iron and Aluminium alloys only (amendment already approved for Aluminium and design of Steels in the Creep Range)

MATERIALS ACCORDING TO ASME

• Only SA (or ASTM) materials may be used (plus a few EN materials considered in the Code).

• Allowable design stresses based on hot tensile / creep properties are directly provided in the Code.

• The material Manufacturer is not required to give a guarantee on such characteristics.

• Only a few SA / ASTM material specifications give impact properties at room or low temperatures.

MATERIALS ACCORDING TO PED + EN 13445.2

There are three possibilities:

1. Use of EN harmonized material standards. These standards usually contain hot tensile characteristics and impact test values which are therefore automatically guaranteed by the material Fabricator.

2. Use of materials for which an EAM procedure has been carried out (only possible for a few materials not yet contained in EN standards).

3. Use a PMA (Particular Material Appraisal) = original specification plus supplementary requirements to be guaranteed by the material Fabricator.

JOINT EFFICIENCIES (of main welded joints)

ASME: from 0,7 (no NDT) to 1 (full NDT). Joint efficiency 1 required for Lethal Service, large thicknesses, materials with particular welding difficulties. It is possible to use 0,7 also for large vessels.

PED + EN 13445: also from 0,7 (no NDT) to 1 (full NDT). EN 13445 limits the use of testing group 4 (joint efficiency 0,7) to carbon steels (temperatures +10 / +200 °C) and austenitic stainless steels (temperatures -50 / +300°C) only, with pressure smaller than 20 bar and pressure x volume smaller than 20000 (above 100°C) or 50000 bar x litre, provided the content is not dangerous (Group 2 Fluids only).

HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSUREASME VIII division 1: the lower of

(formula to be applied to all pressure parts of a specific vessel)

PED (Recommended): the higher of (formula to be applied to all the pressure parts of a specific vessel), however not less than . Use of lower hydrostatic test pressures is permitted if alternative measures assuring the same safety level are taken. EN 13445.5: the hydrostatic test pressure may be limited to the maximum value compatible with the actual thicknesses of the main pressure parts determined by design conditions. For Vessels of Testing Group 4 a higher test pressure is provided.Note: PS = Design Pressure, = ratio between nominal design stress at 20°C and nominal design stress at design temperature.

PSf

f, ο251

PS,431

PSf

f, ο31

ffo

CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES

ASME: Authorization given to the Manufacturer to affix an ASME Stamp (specific for the particular kind of pressure component concerned) after a survey carried out by ASME and the National Board of Pressure Vessel Inspectors. Design, fabrication and inspection activities carried out under the surveillance of an Authorized Inspection Agency. Particular precautions are to be taken for vessels in “Lethal Service”.

PED: Specific certification procedures (modules) have been provided in order to cover 4 different hazard categories of vessels. Some modules are based on QC (Quality Control) procedures, other on QA (Quality Assurance) procedures (lower degree: self certification, higher degree: either full QC (step by step checking), or full QA (Qualification of the Manufacturer). For Vessels the hazard category depends on the content (dangerous / / non dangerous) and on its physical state (liquid or gas / vapour). Each module provides a different involvement of a Notified Body, specifically authorized by one of the European countries. Note: also assemblies made of several pressure component are subject to a certification procedure.

PED: Conformity assessment table for dangerous gases

PED: Conformity assessment table for non dangerous gases

PED: Conformity assessment table for dangerous liquids

PED: Conformity assessment table for non dangerous liquids

PED: Conformity assessment modules for the various hazard categories

Why Needed ASME12There were a number of reasons for the DOT (Department of transportation) request to ASME. Among them were to:•Create an internationally accepted code that is also acceptable to the DOT•Establish an accreditation program for manufacturers of transport tanks, ( it will be explined in day 2 and 3)•Establish requirements for a third-party inspection program and for inspectors involved with both the fabrication process and in-service inspection•Incorporate industry consensus standards into the US federal regulations as required by Public Law 104

• A new Subcommittee on Transport Tanks was formed within the structure of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committee and designated Subcommittee XII.

• This subcommittee operates under the following charter:

1. This committee is responsible for the development of codes and standards covering the construction (all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification and pressure relief) and continued service of transport tanks used for the carriage of dangerous goods by all means of transport (road, rail, air, and sea).

2. The committee will also develop criteria for accreditation of manufacturers of these tanks.

3. The codes and standards developed by this committee are to be suitable for reference by regulatory authorities and safety organizations worldwide.

Section XII – Rules for the Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks•This Section covers requirements for construction and continued service of pressure vessels for the transportation of dangerous goods via highway, rail, air or water at pressures from full vacuum to 3,000 psig and volumes greater than 120 gallons. •"Construction" is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and over-pressure protection.•"Continued service" is an all-inclusive term referring to inspection, testing, repair, alteration, and recertification of a transport tank that has been in service. This section contains modal appendices containing requirements for vessels used in specific transport modes and service applications. •Rules pertaining to the use of the T Code symbol stamp are included.

Overview of BPVC Section XII

• Complete rules for general requirements, materials, design, fabrication & examination, testing, and marking/documentation

• Section XII is splited into 4 parts: 1. Requirements2. Modal appendices3. Mandatory appendices4. Non mandatory appendices

• Includes Modal Appendices for Cargo Tanks, Portable Tanks, and Ton Tanks

Overview of Section XII

• Section XII is based on the successful rules and design margins of Section VIII and the standing DOT requirements, however it is written specifically for transport vessels

• Increases the level of required inspection by requiring 3rd party inspection

Overview of Section XII• Modernizes existing DOT requirements• Examples: New materials, updated design methods,

developing modernized impact rules, updated allowable stresses

• All Transport Tanks will be designed and built to ASME Code once adopted into the DOT

Overview of Section XII

• Section XII has requirements for:• DOT 400 series cargo tanks used for flammable, corrosive,

and poisonous liquids• DOT 300 series cargo tanks used for gases and cryogenic

liquids• DOT 100 series ton tanks used for chlorine and other

aggressive gases

• ASME 8 is the American form of EN 13445 serial standard• So ASME 12 is the American form of EN14025,12493

• En 13445-3 is applied to transportation with fallowing standard

Below 0,5 bar: EN 13094Above 0.5 bar: EN 14025For LPG: EN 12493

• TECHNICAL COMPARISON OF ASME 12 AND EN 14025(Design for internal pressure)



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KATILIMINIZ İÇİN TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM.

Avni AKGÜLUzman

carriage of dangerous goods by road (adr) & comparasion of asme 8, asme 12 and adr avnİ akgÜl...

Documents

adr agreement

consignment of dangerous

load of dangerous goods

force of adr slide

parts of adr

requirements of adr

dangerous articl

trk standardlar enstits