carrefour df 2006
TRANSCRIPT
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FINANCIALREPORT61 61 Manag ement Report
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
70 Consolida ted Financial Stateme nts
76 Notes on the Consolida ted Financial State ments
115 Sta tuto ry aud itors rep ort
116 LSF REPORT 2006
129 TOTAL STORES
133 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS
135 ADDRESSES OF PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES
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In the pa ge s tha t fo llow, the Carrefour Group Financ ial Rep ort p resents the Group s results for the three fisc al years 2004, 2005and 2006.
It co mp rises the following:
the Group Mana gem ent Repo rt presents the ac tivity and ma in figures for 2006, for the Group in its entirety a nd fo r eac h of the
geographical operating regions: France, Europe (excluding France), Latin America and Asia. It ends by focusing on recent
deve lopme nts and the Group s 2007 ob jectives, as presented at the time o f the p ublic ation of t he c onsolida ted ea rnings on
8 Ma rc h 2007;
the Consolida ted Financ ial Statem ents and the Notes to the Consolida ted Financ ial Statem entspresent all summa ry sta tem ents
and c omm ents on the Group s financ ial situation, including bo th the pa rent c omp any a nd its subsidiaries;
the Manag ement Repo rt;
the text of the prop osed resolutions tha t will be subm itted to the shareho lders for approval, during the Shareho lders Mee ting
convened on 20 April 2007 and to be reconvened on 30 April 2007 if a quorum is not present at the first meeting;
the repo rt by the Cha irman of the Supe rvisory Board on corporate governance and internal control procedures;
and fina lly, the store network and co mm ercial statistics summarizing ten years worth of trends in the number of consolidated
stores in ea c h c ount ry and sund ry sta tistics, in pa rticular as reg ards sales areas and the numb er of b rande d stores.
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ConsolidatedFinanc ia l Sta tementsMANAGEMENT REPORT
The Group d ec ided in 2005 to ma ke a c hange in the estimate
of its buildings depreciation period, raising it from 20 to 40
years. In 2004, the depreciation allowances presented in the
ta bles below are still sta ted over 20 years.
The Ca rrefour Group consolida ted financ ial sta tem ents for the
fisc al year 2006 have bee n d raw n up in ac co rda nce with IAS/
IFRS internationa l ac c ount ing sta ndards.
The following a re presente d for prior pe riod s: the Inc ome
State ment a s of 31 Dec emb er 2004 restated in acc ordanc e
with IFRS 5 (Non-c urrent Assets Held fo r Sa le a nd Discontinued
Op erations) for ope rat ions disc ontinued in 2005 and 2006, as
we ll as the Inc om e Sta tem ent a s of 31 Dec em be r 2005,
resta ted for ope rat ions disc ontinued in 2006.
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
ACTIVITY RESULTS
By foc using on the two main priorities of o ur strateg y customers
and profit growth we reached our objectives in 2006:
net sales increased by 6.6% at current exchange rates
and by 6.4% at constant exchange rates (an increase
of over two p oints co mp ared w ith growth rates rec orded
in 2005 and 2004);
growth in our grocery market share was posted for the
second consecutive year in france (up 0.5% according to
TNS Worldpane l);
we c reate d 1.4 million sq.m o f sales area by op ening nearly
1,000 reta il outlets, includ ing 103 hyperma rkets (more tha ndo uble the store op enings c omp leted in 2004).
We c ontinued to implement the major comp onents of our
strategy:
we are strengthening our promotions and low pricing policy
in a European context that c ontinues to be charac terized b y
both w eak growth in groc ery consumption and deflation;
we are constantly expanding our product l ines and
services;
we a re strengthening the p otency and public rec ognition
of our brand in all countries in which we op erate.
Annual figures
(in millions of euros)2006 2005
% Var.2006/ 2005
2004
Net sa les 77,901 73,060 6.6% 69,113
Ac tivity contribution 3,258 3,152 3.4% 3,190
Net inco me from recurringop erations - Group share 1,857 1,798 3.3% 1,733
Net income fromdisco ntinued op erations- Group share
412 (362) - (142)
Net income - Group sha re 2,269 1,436 58.0% 1,591
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Net sales
(in millions
of euros)
2006 2005 % Var.
% Var.2006/2005
at con-stant ex-change
rates
2004
2006 a tconstant
ex-change
rates
France 37,212 35,577 4.6% 4.6% 35,167 37,212
Europe(excl.France)
29,850 28,102 6.2% 6.7% 26,404 29,993
LatinAmerica 5,928 5,075 16.8% 12.5% 3,938 5,710
Asia 4,911 4,306 14.0% 12.4% 3,603 4,838
Total 77,901 73,060 6.6% 6.4% 69,113 77,753
Net sales am ounted to 77,901 million euros, up 6.4% c ompa red
with 2005 sales at c onstant e xcha nge rates. Afte r the p ositive
impact of exchange rates, sales increased by 6.6%.
Breakdo wn o f net sales
by bu siness
In % 2006 2005 2004
Hypermarkets 58.9% 58.0% 59.1%
Supermarkets 17.4% 18.1% 17.7%
Hard Disc ount stores 9.1% 8.8% 8.4%
Other 14.6% 15.1% 14.8%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Breakdo wn o f net sales
by g eog rap hic region
In % 2006 2005 2004
France 47.8% 48.7% 50.9%
Europe (excl. France) 38.3% 38.5% 38.2%
Latin America 7.6% 6.9% 5.7%
Asia 6.3% 5.9% 5.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTION
(in millions
of euros)
2006 2005 % Var.
% Var.2006/2005
at con-stant ex-change
rates
2004
Dec.2006 at
constantex-
changerates
Franc e 1,718 1,713 0.3% 0.3% 1,964 1,718
Europe(excl.France)
1,208 1,145 5.5% 5.7% 968 1,210
LatinAmerica 161 133 21.8% 15.2% 88 153
Asia 171 162 5.4% 3.8% 170 169
Total 3,258 3,152 3.4% 3.1% 3,190 3,249
Activity contribution amounted to 3,258 million euros and
represented 4.2% of o ur sales as aga inst 4.3% in 2005. It increased
by 3.4% compared to 2005.
Breakdo wn o f ac tivity c ontribution
by g eographic region
In % 2006 2005 2004
France 52.7% 54.3% 61.6%
Europe (excl. France) 37.0% 36.3% 30.3%
Latin America 5.0% 4.2% 2.8%
Asia 5.3% 5.2% 5.3%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
DEPRECIATION AND PROVISIONS
Depreciation and provisions totalled 1,587 million euros,
representing 2.0% of sa les.
NON-CURRENT INCOME AND EXPENSES
Non-current income and expenses represented net income
of 16 million euros. This inc lude d:
costs of restructuring or closing sites in the amount of
98 million euros;
an expe nse o f 69 million e uros relat ing to stoc k op tions;
asset d ep recia tion in the amo unt of 26 million euros;
c a pita l ga ins or losses from sales rep resent ing inc om e o f
211 million euros (ma inly from sa les of shop ping ma lls in Italy,Poland and Franc e);
other non-rec urring item s tot alling 2 million euros.
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EBIT
EBIT amo unte d to 3,274 million euros and represented 4.2% of
our sales as against 4.3% in 2005. It increased by 4.6%
compared to 2005.
EBIT
by g eographic region
In % 2006 2005 2004
France 50.1% 50.7% 62.4%
Europe (excl. France) 40.3% 40.1% 32.7%
Latin America 4.9% 4.3% (0.3%)
Asia 4.7% 4.9% 5.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest a mounted to a net e xpense o f 480 million euros, down
by 6.6% on 2005 and rep resent ing 0.6% of sales as in 2005. Theincrea se in inte rest e xpense this yea r is primarily explained by
the rise in interest rates and the inc rease in the g roup s average
amo unt of financial debt.
Thus, de sp ite the g row th in Ac tivity Cont rib ution b efore
de prec iation and reserves co verag e of financial expenses
rose from 10.2 x in 2005 to 10.1 x in 2006.
INCOME TAX
The effec tive inc ome tax expense was 810 million euros in 2006.
This represented 29.0% of inc om e before taxes as aga inst 29.3%
in 2005. This sligh t reduc tion in the e ffec tive ta x rat e c an be
explained by the slight drop in taxation rates in Franc e and b y
improved performance in Poland and Belgium, where the
results were not ta xed in view o f d eferred losses.
CONSOLIDATION BY THE EQUITY METHOD
Income from equity affiliates fell slightly to 36 million euros
(15 million euros less than in 2005). This trend wa s primarily d ue
to the full co nsolida tion of Hypa rlo.
MINORITY INTERESTS
The sha re o f m inority inte rests in inc om e rose from 7.7% in 2005
to 8.1% in 2006 (not including income from discontinued
operations). Minority interests were up by more than 9%
(or 14 million euros), due to the g rowth of e arnings ge nerate d
by subsidiaries in suc h c ount ries as China and Greec e.
NET INCOME FROM RECURRING OPERATIONS -GROUP SHARE
This line a mo unted to 1,857 million euros, up 3.3% c om pared
with net incom e from rec urring op erations - Group share 2005,
wh ich stood at 1,798 million e uros.
NET INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS -GROUP SHARE
This line represented inco me of 412 million euros in the 2006
Inco me State ment and breaks dow n a s follows:
(in millions of euros)
Inc ome from sale of Korea 430
Inc ome from sale of Puntoc ash 17
Expense from Slovakia (15)
Expense from sale of supermarkets in China (9)
Expense from Champion supermarkets (7)Operating expense from c losed Brazilian supe rmarkets (6)
Expense from sale in the Czech Repub lic (1)
Inc ome from Supeco 1
Inc ome from sale of Food service 1
Total 412
Withdrawa l from South Korea
On 26 Sep temb er 2006, the Group sold its subsidia ry in South
Korea to E-Land for the sum of 1.5 billion euros. Income from
the sale wa s rep orted in Net incom e from d isco ntinued
op erations in ac c orda nc e w ith IFRS 5.
Sa le o f Punto cash
On 21 May 2006, afte r obta ining the c onsent of the c omp etition
au tho rities, Carrefour d ispo sed of its Ca sh & Ca rry subsidiary
in Spa in to the Miquel Alimentac io group.
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Withd rawa l from Slovakia and the Czec h Rep ub lic
On 30 Sep tem be r 2005 Ca rrefour anno unc ed its intent to
ac q uire Tesco Taiwa n a nd to transfer its op erat ions in the
Czech Rep ub lic and Slovakia to Tesco. Carrefour desired t o sell
i ts 11 hypermarkets in the Czech Republic and its four
hypermarkets in Slovakia to Tesco .
On 21 January 2006, the European Union approved the
transac tion in the C zec h Rep ublic, but referred the de c ision
on Slovakia to the Slovak a utho rities.
On 31 May 2006, Ca rrefour and Tesco fina lized the t ransac tion
c onc erning Ca rrefours withdrawa l from the Czec h Rep ublic
and the acquisition o f Tesco s business in Ta iwan.
On 29 Dec em be r 2006, the Slovak aut horities announc ed
their opp osi t ion to the sale for rea sons of c om pe ti t ion.
The G roup is c urrent ly stud ying va rious withd raw al sc ena rios
for fisc a l yea r 2007.
CASH FLOW AND INVESTMENTS
Cash flow stood at 3,586 million euros, stable compared with
2005. Ca sh flow was imp ac ted in 2006 by non-rec urring items
related to the restructuring of certain operations which had
been rec orded as paya bles in 2005. Examp les include the final
c losing o r the d isposal of stores in Spa in and Brazil, as we ll as
the programme designed to optimize logistics and central
service s in Franc e. We estimate that op erating c ash flow from
continuing operations, excluding these non-recurring items,
would have increased by 4% over the period, closer to the
grow th in EBIT b efore d ep rec iation a nd a mo rtizat ion. It
represent ed 56.8% of net deb t in 2006 versus 52.7% in 2005.
Net investments for the year amo unted t o 1,885 million e uros,
as aga inst 2,425 million euros in 2005.
The Group s tang ible and intangible investme nts am ounted
to 3,368 million euros.
Financ ial investm ent s for 2006 rep resented 594 million e uros.
Divestments that impacted our cash flow in 2006 amounted
to 2,078 million euros.
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
This amo unte d t o 10,503 million e uros at 31 Dec em be r 2006
as against 9,386 million eu ros the p reced ing yea r.
NET DEBT
The Group s net de bt dec reased from 6,790 million euros at the
end of 2005 to 6,309 million e uros at the end of 2006. At the e nd
of 2006, net debt represented 60% of the net position before
distribution of dividends, as against 72% at the end of 2005.
France
The c onsolida ted store netw ork in Franc e a t 31 Dece mb er
2006 stood as follows:
2006
Hypermarkets 192
Supermarkets 615
Hard Disc oun t sto res 811
Other stores 101
Total 1,719
In 2006, the network expanded by 13 hypermarkets,
20 supermarkets, and by 29 hard discount stores, and
de c rea sed by 7 C ash a nd Ca rry stores.
37,21235,577
2005 2006
Net sales
(in millions of euros)
1,7181,713
2005 2006
Activity co ntribution(in millions of euros)
Sa les in Franc e inc reased by 4.6%. The a c tivity c ont ribution
dec reased slightly from 4.8% of sa les in 2005 to 4.6% of sa les in
2006, amo unting to 1,718 million euros. The grow th of EBIT wa s
less rapid than sales growth, primarily due to costs related to
increa sed sta ff on the sales floor, the d evelop me nt of service s
and the e xpansion of produc t offerings.
Op erationa l investme nts in Franc e tot alled 1,095 million euros,representing 2.9% of sa les.
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Europ e (excluding France )
The c onsolida ted store network in Europ e a t 31 Dec em be r
2006 stood as follows:
2006
Hypermarkets 365
Supermarkets 746
Hard Disc oun t sto res 2,969
Other stores 241
Total 4,321
The c onso l ida ted ne two rk expa nde d t h i s yea r by
44 hypermarkets, 180 hard discount stores, 17 convenience
stores and 1 Cash and Carry store, and decreased by
19 supermarkets.
29,85028,102
2005 2006
Net sales(in millions of euros)
1,2081,145
2005 2006
Activity contribution(in millions of euros)
Sales in Europe increased by 6.2%, thanks to very good results
in the m ain Europ ea n c ountries. The a c tivity c ontribution
amounted to 4.0% of sales at 31 December 2006 as against
4.1% in 2005. EBIT rose sligh tly less tha n sa les, by 5.5%. This trend
can be attributed primarily to a smaller contribution from Italy,
where the macro-economic environment and di f f icul t
c ompe titive co nd itions weighed on the results. Excluding Ita ly,EBIT from the Europ e Zone inc rea sed by 8%. We w ere
pa rtic ularly satisfied w ith the p erformanc e o f c ountries such
as Belgium, Greece and Poland, which posted double-digit
EBIT growth .
Operational investments in Europe totalled 1,529 million euros,
represent ing 5.1% of sa les.
La tin Am erica
The c onso l ida ted sto re ne t wo rk i n La t i n Am er ic a a t
31 Dece mb er 2006 stoo d as follows:
2006
Hypermarkets 204
Supermarkets 118
Hard Disc oun t sto res 539
Other stores -
Total 861
In 2006, the network expande d by 19 hard d iscount stores and
56 hypermarkets while the number of supermarkets fell by
31 sto res. This trend wa s primarily due to the 34 sup erma rkets
in Brazil that w ere converted to a new format c omp arab le to
the Ca rrefour Express sto res launc hed in Spa in.
5,9285,075
2005 2006
Net sales(in millions of euros)
161133
2005 2006
Activity contribution(in millions of euros)
Sales increased by 16.8% from 2005 to 2006, strong ly affec ted
by exchange rate fluctuations. At constant exchange rates,
sales increased by 12.5%. Activity c ontribution increa sed
from 2.6% of sales in 2005 to 2.7% of sales in 2006, standing at
161 million euros. This pe rformanc e c an b e exp lained by a n
increased ma rgin on c ontinuing op erations, whic h reflec ts theturnaround in Arge ntina whe re market c ond itions returned to
normal, and by the effectiveness of our sales strategy in
hypermarkets in Brazil, as well as by the results of our stores
c onverted t o the Ca rrefour Bairro trade nam e.
Op erationa l investments totalled 436 million euros, represent ing
7.4% of sa les.
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Asia
The c onsolida ted store ne two rk in Asia a t 31 Dec em be r 2006
stood as follows:
2006
Hypermarkets 202
Supermarkets -
Hard Disc oun t sto res 255
Other stores -
Total 457
In 2006, the network expanded by 11 hypermarkets and
30 hard discount stores, while the number of supermarkets
de creased by 8, as a result of the withdrawa l from supe rmarkets
in China.
4,9114,306
2005 2006
Net sales(in millions of euros)
171162
2005 2006
Activity co ntribution(in millions of euros)
Sales in Asia inc reased by 14.0%. At c onsta nt e xcha nge rates,
sales grew b y 12.4%. This trend reflec ts the ac c elerate d rate
of store openings. Activity contribution decreased from 3.8%
of sales in 2005 to 3.5% of sales in 2006, amo unting to 171 million
euros.
Operational investments in Asia totalled 309 million euros,representing 6.3% of sa les.
RECENT CHANGES
On 1 December 2006, the Group signed a memorandum
of agreement concerning the acquisition of Ahold Polska
for a price of 1375 million . This tran sac tion is still sub jec t to
ap proval by the relevant autho rities.
Aho ld Polska c urrent ly op erat es 194 sto res, includ ing
15 Hypernova hypermarkets, with the rest being Albert
supermarkets, having a total combined surface area of
180,000 sq.m. Ahold Polska generated 2005 gross sales of
1591 million. This transa c tio n w ill position C a rrefo ur Polska
in sec ond plac e a mong the c ountrys groce ry reta ilers.
This ac qu isition represents a new sta ge in the Carrefour group s
strat eg y, wh ich c onsists in b uilding lea d ership p ositions in
all markets in which it has chosen to operate, and particularly
in countries with high growth potential. It is in keeping with
the ongo ing p olicy o f organic growth ca rried out by the Group
sinc e 2005. Ca rrefo ur Polska g en era te d g ross sa les of
1,359 million euros in 2006, and included 42 hypermarkets and
83 supermarkets as of 31 December 2006, with a total
combined surface area of nearly 416,000 sq.m.
OBJECTIVES
The Group has set the follow ing o bjec tives for 2007:
Unde r current compe titive c ond itions, we foresee 2007 sales
growth, at constant exchange rates, higher than or equal
to 2006 growth. The a chievement o f this ob jec tive will involve
a certain amount of tactical acquisitions.
Growth in ac tivity co ntribution w ill be less tha n sales growth,
which is a d irect consequence of our determination
to consolidate our leadership position through low prices
and the c ontinuation of our expansion policy.
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FINANCIAL RISKS
Foreign exchange risk
The G roup s operations througho ut the world a re p erformed
by subsidiaries operating primarily in their own countries
(with purchasing and sales in local currencies). As a result,
the G roup s exposure to excha nge rate risk in c omm ercial
op erations is na turally limited.
It ma inly involves imp orts. The risk relate d to fixed imp ort
transactions is hedged by forward currency purchases.
Investments planned in foreign countries are sometimes
c overed by opt ions.
Loc al financ ing o perations are ge nerally co nduc ted in the
loca l c urrency.
The m a turity of foreign exc ha ng e tran sa c tions is less tha n
18 mon ths.
The va lue of c urrent p ositions at yea r end is presente d in
Note 26 to the financial stat eme nts.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is managed centrally by our Coordination
Ce ntre in Brussels. The la tter has a rep orting ob liga tion fo r its
operations and measures monthly performance in order to
identify:
the outco me o f ac tions taken;
whether or not the actions undertaken comply with the
Group s risk policy.
The c ontrol of c om plianc e with internal risk limits and the
monitoring o f the Carrefour Group s policy b y the Coordination
Ce ntre a re the responsibility of the Risks Co mm ittee. The la tte r,
chaired by the Groups Chief Financial Officer, meets at least
onc e every two months.
The ma nage ment p roc edures of the C oordination Ce ntre a re
subject to ap proval by the Audit Co mmittee.
To a c hieve its aims, the Coo rdination C entre ha s various
reporting schedules (weekly, monthly and annual).
The G roup s net e xposure t o inte rest rate fluctua tion risk is
reduc ed by the use of financ ial instruments com prising interest
rate swa ps and op tions.
The typ es of hed ges as of 31 Decemb er 2006 and the a mount
of c ap ital hedge d a re p resented in Note 26 to the financialstatements.
We ha ve c alc ulated our susc ep tibility to c hang es in rate s in
ac co rda nce with the COB rec omm enda tion of January 2003.
The result of the c alculation (on short-term d eb t in ac cordanc e
with paragraph 6.4.2 of the recommendation) is as follows:
in the event of a de c line o f 1% in rates, interest inco me wou ld
improve by 41 million euros, or 8.5% of interest income;
in the event of a rise of 1% in rates, interest income would fall
by less than 6 million euros, or 1.25% of interest income.
Liquidity risk
Following the renego tiation o f syndic ated loans in 2004, the
Group is no longe r subjec t to any financ ial covena nts.
The breakdo wn of d eb t by expiration da te a nd c urrenc y is
presented in Note 25 and t he c omm itments received from
financ ial institutions in No te 29.
Sha re risk
As of 31 Dec em be r 2006, the G roup held o nly one trea suryshare and thus is not exposed to share risk.
Furthermore, marketable securities and financial investments
are primarily composed of monetary investments, where
Group exposure is low.
LEGAL RISKS
In the no rmal c ourse o f business, the Group s comp an ies are
involved in a certain number of legal proceedings or litigation,
including d isput es with tax a nd soc ial sec urity a uthorities.
A provision for contingency and loss has been set aside
for expenses that can be estimated with sufficient reliability
and are deemed probable by the companies and their
expert assessors.
The a mo unt of provision ma de for after-sales servic es, ta x, soc ial
security and legal expenses and risks relating to the Groups
operations totalled 1,549 million euros at 31 December 2006.
None of the disputes in progress involving the Groups
c om pa nies are, in the o p inion of their expe rt assessors, likely to
affec t the ac tivity, results or financ ial situation of the Group in
any significant way.
RISK MANAGEMENT
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INSURANCE
Ca rrefours insuranc e strateg y is a imed , first of all, a t p rotec ting
its c ustome rs, sta ff and assets.
As a result, the Group has negot iated ac ross-the-boa rd g loba l
schemes ( in part icular physical damage, civi l l iabi l i ty,
environmenta l, construction a nd t ransport c overage ) ensuring
uniform c over for a ll its subsidia ries, whatever the ir forma ts and
whe rever they are loc ate d, with a few exce ptions (Brazil, for
examp le, which d oes not a llow t his type of a rrang eme nt).
Furthermore, the Group ensures tha t t he ne w ac quisitions
mad e over the year rap idly obta in its ac ross-the-board c over
or, where a pp lic able, benefit from its DIC/ DIL c over po lic ies.
Ca rrefours insuranc e strategy ide ntifies and assesses existing
and eme rging risks in close c ollab oration with op erational
mana gers, Quality Mana gem ent and Safety Ma nag eme nt,
and puts in p lace prevent ion measures th rough both
c entralized and local po lic ies, tha nks to links in eac h c ount ry.
The G roup c ove rs a ll its transferred risks throug h the insuranc e
market using top -rate d international insuranc e c omp anies.
Monitoring and ma nag ement metho ds are regularly controlled
and inspected by independent parties: brokers, insurers, the
c ap tive reinsuranc e c omp any m ana ge r, as well as in-house,
through Ca rrefours Corporate Insuranc e Depa rtment, which
repo rts to the Qua lity, Liab ility a nd Risks Dep artm ent.
The following informa tion is provide d for informat iona l purposes
only, in order to illustrate the scope of action in 2006, and
should not be c onsidered d efinitive and inviolab le, inasmuc h
as, by de finition, insuranc e must antic ipate chang e and ad apt
to it. Indeed, the Group s insuranc e strategy a lso d ep end s on
ma rket c ond itions, its opp ortunities and any risk assessme nts
that may be conducted by general management.
Furthermore, in order to optimize its insurance costs andmanage its risks appropriately, Carrefour has a policy for the
maintena nc e o f its freq uenc y c laims, throug h its c ap tive
reinsurance company and, since 1 January 2005, through its
own insuranc e c omp any loca ted in Ire land: Ca r re four
Insurance Limited, accredited by the Irish authorities. Its results
are c onsolida ted in the Group s financial state ments.
This d irec t insuranc e c ompany primarily covers risks of p rope rty
damage and operating losses for subsidiaries in Europe on a
Free Provision of Services basis. Subsidiaries located outside
the Europ e Zone a re re-insured by the Group. A stop -loss pe r
c laim a nd p er insuranc e year has be en put in plac e in orde r
to p rotec t the interests of the cap tive and limit its comm itments.
Beyond a c erta in limit, risks a re transferred to t he insuranc e
market.This same subsc ription strateg y a pp lies to c ivil liab ility risks, but
only as regards re-insurance; these risks are reinsured by the
Groups capt ive insuranc e c ompa ny. The c ap tive re-insuranc e
companys exposure is limited per claim and per insurance
year. Beyond these limits, depending on results, risks are
transferred to the traditional insurance market.
Dama ge to property and Operating Loss coverag e
The p urpose o f this insuranc e is to p rote c t the c omp any s
assets show n on its ba lanc e sheet.
The p olicy in force is in the fo rm of a n a ll risks with e xce ptions
policy issued on the basis of existing guarantees on the
insurance market. It covers the traditional risks of this type of
coverage, including fire, theft, natural disasters, operating
losses, et c .
Deduc tibles are app rop riate to the d ifferent store formats and
countries. For certa in sto re forma ts, Ca rrefo ur has a Self Insured
Retention po licy a da pte d to a well targete d loss experience.
The p rogramm e p ut in place by the Group offers a g uarantee
limit of 200 million euros pe r claim in d irec t d am ag es and
op erating losses comb ined. This prog ramm e includes sub-limits,
pa rtic ularly in the a rea o f na tural disasters. Over the c ourse o f
the ye ar, c erta in sub-limits have be en revised upw ards.
The e xclusions in forc e in this c ont rac t c om ply w ith ma rket
prac tices. The c ontrac t wa s renewed on 31 Dece mb er 2006.
Civil liability coverage
This c overs the fina nc ial co nseq uenc es of C a rrefour s c ivil
lia bility in c ases in which it is pursued and found lia ble a s a
result of bodily injury, property damage or consequential
da mag e (in the latte r case with sub-limits and de pe nding on
the legislation in force) suffered by a third party which may
have b een c aused by the G roup, both d uring ope rations and
aft er de livery.
The ma jority of the Ca rrefour Group s sites are c lassified a s ERP
sites (Esta b lishme nts Rec eiving the Pub lic ); a s a result, its
expo sure to the risks inherent in this ac tivity must b e spec ifica lly
taken into c onsideration and requires great vigilance .
Ded uc tibles vary from c ountry to c ountry. The exc lusions in
force in this contract comply with market practices and
primarily concern certain substances recognized as toxic,
ca rcinogenic, etc .
Ca rrefour is c overed for the risk of harm to the environment as
part of its global civil liability insurance scheme.
Such risk req uires a spec ifically designed app roa ch due to the
c ond itions impo sed by re-insurers, whic h o ffer more limited
gua rantees for grad ua l po llution risks.
Nevertheless, Carrefour has set up specific coverage
de dica ted to t hese typ es of risk.
The m aximum cover amount is 15 million e uros pe r loss and pe r
insurance ye ar for so-c alled grad ual p ollution risks.
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Spec ia l risks
This essentia lly me ans coverag e fo r co rporate o ffice rs.
Coverage for these risks is adapted as closely as possible to
the Groups exposure. Given the sensitive nature of this
informa tion, the c overage am ounts for these va rious contrac ts
rema in co nfidential.
Construction c overag e
This c ove rs op erat ors d uring c on struc tion , a s we ll a s the
c onseq uenc es that ma y a rise from their actions.
The c overag e am ounts put in plac e a re in line with ma rket
prac tices and the limits ava ilab le on the insuranc e m arket for
this type of risk.
Emp loyee b enefits co verag e
In compliance with current legislation and with collective
bargaining agreements and other company agreements,
sc hem es for cove ring the risks of oc c upa tiona l injury, me dic al
expenses and welfare and retireme nt c osts have be en p ut in
place in eac h c ountry.
INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
The C arrefour Group is strongly co mm itted to a p olic y of
environmental responsibility.
Since our business does not involve major direc t environme nta l
risk, we have identified the main environmental impacts on
which the Group has taken ac tion:
prevention of risks relate d to the operation of service sta tions
(ground pollution, hydrocarbons, etc.);
co ntrol of the co nsump tion of refrigerants and e nergy;
pollution by automobiles (car parks, distribution of less
po lluting fuels);
logistics: reduction of atmospheric emissions and research
into less polluting alternative transport systems;
cont rol of nuisanc es for loc al resident s (via no ise reduc tion,
landsc ap ing, etc .);
management of natural resources (fish stocks, wood, etc.);
reduc tion of the environmenta l impa c t of p ac kaging (via
ec ologica lly designed pa ckag ing a nd reduc tions in the use
of packaging);
waste co nversion and rec ycling;
water management.
The c osts incurred to reduc e the environme ntal impa c t of our
activities are included, in part, in the operating costs of the
Quality and Sustainab le Develop ment Depa rtment a nd its
c ounte rpa rts in the c ountries in which w e ope rate. The largest
proportion, howeve r, is the op erationa l share c orrespo nding to
the amounts allocated to specific projects.
Environmental policies and risk management are inherent to
and managed by each sector and are not managed solely
by the Q uality and Sustainab le Developm ent Dep artment .
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61 Consolidate d Financ ial Stat eme nts 61 Managemen t Report 70 Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated
Financ ia l Sta tements
INTRODUCTION
Similarly, the c ash flow ta b les as of 31 Dec em be r 2004 and 2005
must present the impact of these operations on distinct lines
for operational, investment and financing activities.
The 2004 and 2005 ba lanc e shee ts remain unc hang ed ,however.
The Group d ec ided in 2005 to cha nge its me thod of estima ting
the depreciation period for its buildings, raising it from 20 to
40 years. In 2004, the depreciation allowances presented in
the t ables below a re still presente d over 20 yea rs.
The ma in agg regate va lues f rom the a c c ounts as o f
31 Dec em be r 2004 resta ted in ac c orda nc e w ith IFRS 5
and presenting dep recia tion ove r 40 years, are a s follows:
Net sa les = 169,113 million;
EBIT = 13,334 million;
Net incom e - Group share = 11,702 million.
The following a re presente d for prior pe riod s: the Inco me
Stateme nt as of 31 Dec emb er 2004 restated in acc ordanc e
with IFRS 5 (Non-c urrent a ssets held for sa le and d isc ontinued
operations) for operations discontinued in 2005 and 2006, aswell as the Income Sta tem ent a s of 31 Dec embe r 2005, resta ted
for op erations disc ontinued in 2006.
IFRS 5 spec ifies the reporting rules c oncerning assets he ld for
sale, and the p resenta tion and information required conc erning
disc ontinued op erations. In p articular, the sta nda rd requires
that assets held for sale b e p resented separately in the b alanc e
sheet and that the results of d isc ontinued op erations be
presente d sep arate ly in the incom e sta tem ent. A discontinued
operation is a component of an enti ty which has been
separated from the entity or which is classified as being held
for sale a nd :
which represents a line of activity or a primary and distinct
geographic region;
is pa rt of a unique and c oordinated plan for its sepa ration
from a line of ac tivity or from a distinc t g eog rap hic region;
or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively for purposes of resale.
The standard req uires tha t the results of d iscont inued o pe rat ions
be presented separately in the income statement for all
com parative p eriod s. Thus, as of 31 Dec em ber 2006, the results
of o pe rations dispo sed of in 2006 must a lso b e resta ted in the
ac co unts of 31 Decem ber 2004 and of 31 Dece mb er 2005.
Conseque ntly, the co mp arative income state ments as of
Dec embe r 2004 and Dec embe r 2005 differ from those p ublished
previously.
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76 Notes on the Consolidated Financia l Sta tements 115 Statutory auditors report
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
Sign co nvention (- expenses + inco me )
(in millions of euros) Notes 31/ 12/ 2006 % Var. 31/ 12/ 2005 31/ 12/ 2004
Net sa les 4 77,901.1 6.6% 73,059.5 69,112.6
Other income 5 1,042.5 5.4% 989.4 980.4
Total income 78,943.6 6.6% 74,048.9 70,093.0
Cost of sa les 6 (61,203.6) 6.5% (57,480.2) (54,264.2)
Gross margin from Current operations 17,740.1 7.1% 16,568.7 15,828.8
Sa les, genera l and administra tive expenses 7 (12,894.8) 7.6% (11,986.5) (11,140.6)
Deprec iation, amortization and p rovisions 8 (1,586.9) 11.0% (1,429.7) (1,497.9)
Activity contribution 3,258.4 3.4% 3,152.5 3,190.3
Non-recurring inc ome 9 256.5 (2.9%) 264.2 219.7
Non-recurring expenses 9 (240.6) (15.6%) (285.0) (274.7)
EBIT 3,274.3 4.6% 3,131.7 3,135.2
Interest inc ome 10 (479.6) 6.6% (449.9) (480.7)
Net debt expense (424.1) (398.3) (393.2)
Other financ ia l income and expenses (55.5) (51.5) (87.5)
Income before taxes 2,794.7 4.2% 2,681.8 2,654.5
Income tax 11 (810.2) (785.1) (806.7)
Net income from recurring operations
of consolidated companies 1,984.5 4.6% 1,896.7 1,847.9
Net income from companies consolidatedby the equity method 35.8 (29.2%) 50.6 40.7,
Net income from recurring opera tions 2,020.3 3.8% 1,947.3 1,888.6
Net income from d isc ontinued opera tions 12 411.3 ns (365.1) (143.2)
Total net income 2,431.6 53.7% 1,582.1 1,745.4
of which Net income - Group share 2,268.5 58.0% 1,436.0 1,591.2
of which Net income from recurring operations- Group share
1,856.9 3.3% 1,797.6 1,733.1
of which Net income from discontinued operations- Group share
411.7 ns (361.6) (141.9)
of whic h Net income - minority share 163.4 9.2% 149.6 154.2
(in euros) 31/ 12/ 2006 % Var. 31/ 12/ 2005 31/ 12/ 2004
Earnings per share from rec urring o pe rat ions(before dilution) 2.64 2.5% 2.57 2.49
Earnings per share from rec urring o pe rat ions(after dilution) 2.63 2.4% 2.57 2.49
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61 Consolidate d Financ ial Stat eme nts 61 Managemen t Report 70 Consolidated Financial Statements
ASSETS
(in millions of euros) Notes 31/ 12/ 2006 31/ 12/ 2005 31/ 12/ 2004*
Goodwill 14 10,852 10,235 9,329
Other intangib le assets 14 1,038 862 730Tangib le fixed assets 15 13,736 13,401 12,617
Financ ia l assets 16 1,111 1,175 1,141
Investments in companies acc ounted for by the equity method 16 417 467 247
Deferred tax on assets 17 922 1,029 1,066
Investment p roperties 18 455 463 481
Consumer c redit from financ ia l c ompanies 1,656 1,398 1,594
Non-current assets 30,187 29,030 27,205
Inventories 19 6,051 6,110 5,621
Commerc ia l rec eiva bles 20 3,620 3,451 3,147
Consumer c redit from financ ia l c ompanies short term 2,586 2,357 1,627
Tax receivab les 553 598 423Other assets 21 815 813 900
Cash and c ash equiva lents 22 3,697 3,733 3,203
Assets classified as held for sale (1) 23 158
Current assets 17,346 17,220 14,921
Total assets 47,533 46,250 42,126
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76 Notes on the Consolidated Financia l Sta tements 115 Statutory auditors report
LIABILITIES
(in millions of euros) Notes 31/ 12/ 2006 31/ 12/ 2005 31/ 12/ 2004*
Shareholders equity, Group share 9,486 8,385 6,947
Shareholders equity, minority interest 1,017 1,001 929Shareholders equity 10,503 9,386 7,876
Borrowings 25 7,532 7,628 7,340
Provisions 23 2,256 2,325 1,954
Deferred tax liab ilities 280 226 353
Consumer c redit refinanc ing 516 264 255
Non-current liabilities 21,087 19,830 17,778
Borrowing - under 1 year 25 2,474 2,895 2,632
Trade paya bles 16,449 16,025 14,721
Consumer c redit refinanc ing short term 3,427 3,199 2,654
Tax paya b les 1,172 1,241 1,388
Other lia b ilities 24 2,910 3,022 2,952Liab ilities cla ssified as he ld fo r sale (1) 13 38
Current liabilities 26,446 26,420 24,347
Total liabilities and shareholders equity 47,533 46,250 42,126
* IAS sta nd ard s 32 and 39 pe rtaining to financ ial instrume nts were ap p lied as of 1 Janua ry 2005. Only the fina nc ial sta tem ent s as of 31Decem ber 2005 and 31 Decem ber 2006 are impa cte d by the ap plica tion o f these stand ards.
(1) In 2005, the assets and liabilities held for sale correspo nd to the assets and liabilities of C ash & Carry op erations in Spa in, the Czech
Rep ub lic and Slovakia. In 2006, the assets and liab ilities held for sale correspo nd to the assets and liab ilities of o pe rations in Slovakia.
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61 Consolidate d Financ ial Stat eme nts 61 Managemen t Report 70 Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
(in millions of euros) 31/ 12/ 2006 31/ 12/ 2005 31/ 12/ 2004
Income be fore tax (1) 2,795 2,682 2,555
Ope rating ac tivities
Tax (783) (752) (827)
Provision for amortiza tion 1,666 1,514 1,887
Ca pita l ga ins and losses on sa les of assets (129) (160) (58)
Changes in p rovisions and impa irment 63 302 (157)
Dividends on companies ac c ounted for by the equity method 8 6 (47)
Impac t of d iscontinued ac tivities (34) (10) 78
Cash flow from operations 3,586 3,582 3,432
Change in working ca pita l 101 41 861
Impac t of d iscontinued ac tivities (227) 153 14
Change in cash flow from operating activities(exc luding financia l compa nies) (126) 194 4,307
Change in consumer c red it commitments 10 (27) (5)
Net cash from operating activities 3,469 3,749 4,302
Investing activities
Ac quisitions of tangib le and intangib le fixed assets (3,368) (2,899) (2,463)
Ac quisitions of financ ia l assets (65) (51) (123)
Ac quisitions of subsid ia ries (529) (751) (315)
Disposals of subsid ia ries 1,345 565 19
Disposals of fixed assets 688 686 544
Disposals of investments 45 26 375
Subtotal Investments net of Disposals (1,885) (2,425) (1,963)
Other uses (14) (85) (74)
Impac t of d iscontinued ac tivities (135) (107) (110)
Net cash from investing activities (2,033) (2,617) (2,148)
Financing activities
Proceeds on issue of shares 6 88 (368)
Dividends paid by Carrefour (parent c ompany) (705) (656) (525)
Dividends paid by c onsolida ted companies to minority interests (109) (102) (152)
Change in shareholders equity and other instruments (92) 0
Change in borrowings (799) 125 (1,641)
Impac t of d iscontinued ac tivities 214 3 45
Net cash from financing activities (1,485) (542) (2,641)
Net change in cash and cash equivalent before currency impact (50) 590 (487)
Impac t of currency fluc tuations 14 (59) (27)
Net change in cash and cash equivalent after currency impact (36) 531 (514)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of year 3,733 3,202 3,717
Cash and equivalents at end of year 3,697 3,733 3,202
(1) Inc luding financ ial inte rest for 568 million e uros at 31 Dec em be r 2006 and 569 million eu ros a t 31 Dece mb er 2005.
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76 Notes on the Consolidated Financia l Sta tements 115 Statutory auditors report
VARIATION IN CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY BEFORE ALLOCATION OF INCOME
(in millions of euros)
Capital
Reservesrelating tovariations
in sha re-holdersequity
Currencytranslation
adjustment,
Groupshare
Reserves forfair valuevariation
in financialinstruments
Otherreserves
andincome
Share-holdersequity,
Groupshare
Minority
interests
Tota lshare-
holderssequity
Shareholders equity at 01/ 01/ 2004before allocation
1,790 0 0 0 4,408 6,198 1,036 7,234
Foreign currency transla tion ad justment 66 66 1 67
Income and expenses rec orded direc tlyas shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2004
0 66 0 0 66 1 67
Income 2004 1,591 1,591 154 1,745
Total income and expenses rec ordedfor the period 2004
0 66 0 1,591 1,657 155 1,812
Dividends 2003 (525) (525) (103) (628)
Adjustment to capital and premiums (1) (28) (353) (381) 8 (373)
Effects of changes in consolidation scopeand other movements(2) (3) (3) (167) (170)
Shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2004before allocation 1,762 0 66 0 5,118 6,947 929 7,876
Impact of IAS 32/ 29 (257) (48) (305) (79) (384)
Shareholders equity at 01/ 01/ 2005after impact of IAS 32/ 29
1,762 (257) 66 (48) 5,118 6,642 850 7,492
Foreign currency transla tion ad justment 697 697 60 757
Adjustment to the fa ir va lue of financ ia l instruments 221 41 262 (3) 259
Income and expenses rec orded direc tlyas shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2005
221 697 41 959 57 1,016
Income 2005 1,436 1,436 146 1,582
Total income and expenses recorded for 2005 221 697 41 1,436 2,395 203 2,598
Dividends 2004 (656) (656) (101) (758)
Change in ca pita l and premiums 31 31 75 106
Imp ac t of cha nges in consolida tion sco peand other movements (27) (27) (26) (52)
Shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2005before allocation 1,762 (36) 763 (7) 5,902 8,385 1,001 9,386
Foreign currency transla tion ad justment (393) (393) (43) (436)
Adjustment to the fa ir va lue of financ ia l instruments (5) (5) 3 (2)
Income and expenses rec orded direc tlyas shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2006
0 (393) 0 (5) (398) (40) (439)
Income 2006 2,269 2,269 163 2,432
Total income and expenses recorded for 2006 0 (393) 0 2,264 1,870 123 1,993
Dividends 2005 (706) (706) (106) (812)
Change in ca pita l and premiums 7 7
Imp ac t of cha nges in consolida tion sco peand other movements (64) (64) (8) (72)
Shareholders equity at 31/ 12/ 2006before allocation
1,762 (36) 370 (7) 7,396 9,486 1,017 10,503
(1) The c hang e in c ap ital and premiums in 2004 was due to the c anc ellation o f treasury stoc k. The d ifference be twee n shareho lderseq uity in the stat utory financ ial state ment s and the c onsolida ted financ ial stat eme nts ca n be explained by 216,000 shares c lassifiedas shares for c anc ellation in the sta tutory financ ial sta teme nts and ca nce lled in the co nsolida ted financ ial state ment s.
(2) The reduc tion in c onsolida ted reserves in 2004 arose from the rede mp tion o f c erta in minority sha res, ma inly in Spa in, Brazil and France.
.
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NOTE 1: ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
The C arrefour group s c onsolida ted financ ial sta tem ents forfisc al yea r 2006 were d raw n up in euros, the c om pa nys
func tional currenc y, in ac corda nce with Internat ional Financ ial
Rep orting Sta nd ards (IFRS), app lica b le since 1 Janua ry 2005,
as app roved by the Europ ea n Union.
The c onsolida ted financ ial stateme nts as of 31 December 2006
were ad opted by the Mana gem ent Board on 27 February 2007.
The c onsolida ted financial state ments were drawn up on the
ba sis of historic c ost, with the excep tion of c erta in assets and
lia bilities sta ted in ac c orda nc e w ith IAS sta nda rds 32 and 39,
pe rtaining t o financ ial instrumen ts. The asset and lia bility
ca tego ries co ncerned are de sc ribed , where a pp lica ble, in the
c orrespo nding notes be low.
Non-current assets and groups of a ssets held for sale are va lued attheir book va lue or fa ir value minus sale costs, whichever is lower.
The p repa ration o f the c onsolida ted financ ial state ments
involves the consideration o f estima tes and assump tions made
by the Groups manag ement, which may a ffec t the b ook value
of certain asset and liability items, income and expenses, as
well as information p rovided in the not es to the financ ial
sta tem ents. The Group s ma nag em ent review s its estimates
and assumptions regularly, in order to ensure their relevance
to past experience and to the current economic situation.
Depending on the changes in these assumptions, items
ap pe aring in future financ ial state ments may b e different from
c urrent estimates.
The ma in estimates mad e by ma nag eme nt when p reparing
the financ ial state ments conc ern the va luations and usefullives of intang ible (Note 14) and tang ible (Note 15) op erating
assets and go od will (Note 14), the amo unt o f p rovisions for risks
and othe r provisions relating to the business (Note 23), as well
as assumpt ions made fo r the ca lcu la t ion o f pension
commitments (Note 23) or deferred taxes (Note 17).
Details of the ma in assump tions mad e b y the Group a re
provide d in ea c h of the paragrap hs in the App endix devoted
to the financial stat eme nts.
The only assumption ma de by Ma nag ement which ha s or mayhave a significa nt impac t on the financial statem ents c once rns
the a c c ounting po sition a do pte d w hile wa iting for the IASBs
final position on t he treatm ent of c omm itments for the b uy-out
of m inority interests de sc ribe d in the sec tion on Financ ial deb t
and derivatives in Note 1.
IAS sta nda rds 32 and 39 perta ining to financ ial instrument s
were ap plied a s of 1 January 2005.
IFRS 5 pertaining to non-current assets held for sale and
discontinued operations was app lied ea rly, as of 1 Janua ry 2004.
NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONSAPPLICABLE IN 2006
In accordance with IFRIC Interpretation 4, an analysis wasconducted on contracts not having the legal status of a
lease contract, but which could be characterized as such.
This an alysis d id not result in any impa c t on t he fina nc ial
statements.
The a mendme nt to IAS 19 (Emp loyee b enefits) introduc ed
the o ption o f including in shareholders eq uity the a c tuarial
gains and losses relating to defined pension plans and
spec ifies the a dd itional informa tion to b e supp lied . The Group
dec ided not to take ad vantage o f this option.
The a me nd me nt to IAS 21 (Effec ts of c ha ng es in foreign
c urrency exc hang e rate s) pe rtaining t o ne t investme nts in
foreign operations speci f ies that the exchange rate
differentials ge nerate d b y mone tary fac tors as part of a net
investme nt in a foreign op eration, rega rdless of w hethe r theyare denominated in a currency other than the functional
currency of the entity or the currenc y of the foreign ope ration,
are rec lassified under eq uity. This am end ment d id no t ha ve
an effect on the financial da ta p resented.
The amendments to IAS 39 have no effec t on the c onsolidated
financial state ments.
NOTES ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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The a mendme nt to IAS 39 (Financ ial instruments: Rec og nition
and Mea sureme nt - c ash flow he dg es of forec ast intrag roup
transac tions), spe c ifies that it is now po ssible to qualify as an
item hedged against exchange risk in a cash flow hedge ,
a future intra-group forecast transaction which is highly
proba ble, provide d that this transac tion is de nominate d in
a currency other than the entitys functional currency and
provided that it has an effect on the income statement.
The a me ndme nt to IAS 39 (Fa ir value o pt ion) limits the fair
value option to financial instruments that fulfi l certain
c ond itions and stipula tes that t his designa tion is irrevoc able
and must be m ad e at t he time of the initial po sting.
The am end me nt to IAS 39 and IFRS 4 rela ting to Financ ial
Guarantee Contracts specifies that financial guarantee
c ontrac ts are included in the scop e of a pp lic ation of IAS 39.
The inte rpreta tion of IFRIC 4 (Dete rmining w het her an
Arrang eme nt c onta ins a Lease) explains the c ircum stanc es
under which c ontrac ts that d o not ha ve the legal stat us of
a lease contract must nonetheless be booked as such, in
ac c orda nc e with IAS 17. This interpreta tion did not ha ve aneffect on the Groups financ ial stat eme nts.
The Group s elec trica l eq uipment d istribution ac tivities are
not directly concerned by IFRIC interpretation 6 (Liabilities
a rising from Participa ting in a Sp ec ific Ma rket - Waste
Elec trica l and Elec tronic Equipme nt). The European Unions
Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) stipulate s tha t the c ost of wa ste m ana ge me nt for
eq uipment t hat ha s be en sold to private households be fore
13 August 2005 should b e b orne b y p rod uce rs of t hat type
of equipment that are in the market during the period
spe c ified in the a pp lic ab le legislation of the individual
memb er sta te. This interpretation d id not have any significant
effect on the Groups financ ial stat eme nts.
NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONSFOR SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION APPROVEDBY THE EUROPEAN UNION
The stand ards, am end me nts and interpreta tions existing a s of
31 December 2006 and appl icable by the Group as of
1 Janua ry 2007 were not ap plied in adva nce by the G roup .
The G roup is c urrently c ond uc ting studies in order to me asure
the p ossib le effect of their app l ic at ion on t he f inanc ial
statements.
IFRS 7 (Financial instruments: disc losures) and the amendme nt
to IAS 1 (Present at ion of financ ial sta tem ents - Ca pita l
disc losures), req uire the disc losure o f informa tion pe rtaining
to the exten t of the use of financ ial instruments in view o f thefinancial situation and pe rformanc e o f the entity, as well as
qua litat ive and qua ntitative information on the nature and
the extent of the risks arising from financial instruments to
which the entity is exposed. Additional informa tion pertaining
to financ ial instruments and c ap ital will be p resented in the
Group s 2007 financ ial sta te me nts, as per IFRS 7 and the
am end ment to IAS 1.
IFRIC Interpretation 7 (App lying the restate ment ap proac h
und er IAS 29: Financ ial repo rting in hyp erinflat ionary
ec ono mies), spe c ifies how IAS 29 should b e a pp lied when
an ec onomy bec ome s hyperinflationary, particularly w ith
rega rd to the rea ssessment of no n-moneta ry elements and
the report ing of deferred tax that resul ts therefrom.
Applica tion o f IFRIC 7 is ma ndatory in the 2007 consolidated
financial state ments.
IFRIC Interpreta tion 8 (Scop e o f IFRS 2 - Share-ba sed payme nt)
requires that IFRS 2 be app lied to all transac tions as a p art o f
which a n entity makes share-based p aym ents whe n the
consideration g iven ap pe ars to b e less tha n the fair value of
the eq uity instruments granted. The a pp lica tion o f IFRIC 8 is
mand ato ry in the 2007 c onsolida ted financial state ments.
IFRIC Interpretat ion 9 (Reassessment of embedded
de rivat ives) requires an ent ity, whe n it first b ec om es a pa rty
to a co ntrac t or when a c hange in the terms of the c ontrac t
signific an tly mod ifies the c ash flows tha t otherwise wo uld be
required under the contract, to assess whether any
embe dd ed derivatives are conta ined in the contract a ndwhe ther they must be a c c ounted for ac c ording to IAS 39.
Applica tion o f IFRIC 9 is ma ndatory in the 2007 consolidated
financial state ments.
IFRIC Interpretation 10 (Interim financial reporting and
impa irment ) p rohibits the reversal o f a n imp airment loss
rec ognised at the ba lance sheet d ate of a p revious interim
pe riod in respe c t o f go od will or an investme nt in either an
equity instrument or a financial asset carried at cost. IFRIC
Interpretation 10 is ap plic ab le prospe c tively as of the da te
of the first a pp lic ation o f IAS 36 (c onc erning the imp airment
of g ood will) and the first a pp lica tion of IAS 39 (co nce rning
impairment losses on investments in equity instruments or
financ ial assets ca rried at cost), which is on 1 Janua ry 2004.
The ac c ounting method s presented below w ere ap pliedcontinuously to all periods presented in the consolidated
financial statements and uniformly by the Groups entities.
CHANGE IN ESTIMATE
In 2005, the Group d ec ided t o ma ke a c hang e in estimate a s
to the duration of the depreciation of its buildings, increasing
it from 20 to 40 years.
The c hang e in estimate, reflec ted in a prospec tive cha nge in
the d uration o f de prec iation as of 1 Janua ry 2005, c an b e
justified by the fact that the contribution values of the stores,
as determined by expert assessors as part of plans to create
the European property company, Carrefour Property,
demonstrated in 2005 that the buildings still have significant
ma rket value a fter 20 years. Following the c reation o f Ca rrefourProp erty, the G roup de c ided to e nga ge in an overall review
of the useful e c ono mic life of its assets. AFREXIM (an a ssoc iation
of property experts) thus conducted a sectoral study of the
ec onom ic life spa n o f a building. The p rop erty experts repo rt
concluded in 2005 that the economic life span of a building
within the Group is 40 years.
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SCOPE METHOD OF CONSOLIDATION
The c om pa nies over w hich Ca rrefour e xerc ises exclusive
c ontrol, either d irec tly or indirec tly, are fu lly c onsolidat ed .
Control exists whe n the Group ha s the p ower to direc t the
financ ial and op erational p olicies of the e ntity direc tly or
indirec tly, in order to ob ta in ad vantag es from its op erations. Toassess the de gree of c ontrol, the po tential vot ing rights that
can currently be exercised or converted are taken into
account. Furthermore, the companies in which the Group
exercises signific ant influenc e o r joint c ontrol are c onsolidated
by the eq uity method . The c onsolida ted financial stat eme nts
include the Group share in the to ta l amount of profits and losses
rec orded by the c omp anies co nsol ida ted by the eq uity
method, after making adjustments to bring their accounting
methods into conformity with those of the Group, as of the
da te on w hich a significant influence w as exerc ised up through
the date on which the significant influence ceased.
When Carrefour has no significant influenc e over the op erationa l
or financial decisions of the companies in which the Group
ow ns sec urities, the se a re he ld a s finan c ial a sset s. The sesec urities ma y, whe re ap prop riate, be subjec t to a p rovision for
am ortizat ion. The method of a mo rtizat ion is presente d in the
sec tion on Financ ial Assets.
The Group d oes not have a ny ad hoc entities.
SEGMENT-BASED INFORMATION
The Ca rrefour Group is organized by geograp hic region (France,
Europ e e xcluding Franc e, Asia a nd Lat in America) as the first
level of segm ent-ba sed information, and then b y the following
sto re fo rma ts: Hype rma rkets, Sup erma rket s, Hard Disc oun t
stores and O ther forma ts (Convenienc e, Ca sh & Carry, Financ ial
companies, etc.), constituting the second level of segment-
ba sed information.
The a cc ounting p rinc iples used for segment-ba sed informa tion
are identica l to those used for prep aring t he c onsolida ted
financial stat eme nts.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
The Group ha s chosen the option o ffered b y IFRS 1, wh ich d oe s
not restate business combinations prior to 1 January 2004 in
ac corda nce with IFRS 3.
As from 1 January 2004, all business combinations are entered
in the a c c ounts by a pp lying the p urc hase method . The
differenc e b etween the purchase co st, which inc ludes expenses
direc tly attributa ble to the a c quisition, and the fair value of t he
assets acquired, net of liabilities and any liabilities assumed
within the fram ewo rk of the group ing, is shown a s go od will.Nega tive go od will resulting from the a cquisition is immediately
rec ognized in the inco me state ment.
For co mp anies ac quired during the c ourse o f the fisc al year
and increases in equity interests, only the incom e for the pe riod
after the ac quisition d ate is shown in the co nsolida ted inc ome
sta tem ent. For co mp anies dispo sed of d uring the c ourse of t he
fiscal yea r and d ilutions, only the income for the period p rior to
the disposal date is shown in the consolidated income
statement.
CONVERSION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTSOF FOREIGN COMPANIES
For companies operating in countries with high inflation rates
(e.g ., Turkey in 2005, but none d uring fisc a l yea r 2006):
fixed assets, equity investments, shareholders equity and other
non-monetary items are revalued based on the reduction inthe g eneral purc hasing pow er of the loca l currency during
the fiscal year; these items are restated by means of a
relevant p rice index a s of the b alanc e sheet d ate;
all balance sheet items, with the exception of the Groups
sha re of shareho lders equity, are the n c onverte d into e uros
on the basis of the exchange rates in effect at the end of
the fiscal year;
with respe c t to the Group s share o f shareho lders eq uity, the
op ening ba lance is c arried forward at the value in euros at
the end of the previous fiscal year; other movements are
c onverted at c urrent foreign c urrenc y excha nge rate s. The
difference thus created between the assets and liabilities in
the b alanc e sheet is recorded in a foreign c urrency translation
ad justment ac co unt included as shareholders eq uity Group share;
the inco me stateme nt in loc al c urrency is ad justed for the
effects of inflation b etwee n the d ate of the t ransac tions and
the e nd o f the fisc al yea r. All items are then c onverted ba sed
on the exc hang e rate s in effect a t the year end.
For other companies:
ba lance sheet items are c onverted on the ba sis of the c losing
rate;
inco me stateme nt items are c onverted at the average rate
for the yea r when this is not ma terially different from the rate
in effec t on the d ate of the transac tions.
CONVERSION RATE ADJUSTMENTFOR FOREIGN COMPANIES
In acc orda nc e w ith the op tion offered unde r IFRS 1, the G roup
has chosen to restate the translation ad justments ac cumulated
at 1 January 2004 under c onsolida ted reserves. This op tion
has no impa c t o n the Groups total shareholders eq uity; it
involves a rec lassificat ion w ithin sha reholde rs eq uity from the
ent ry Translation a d justments to the ent ry Other reserves,
totalling 3,236 million euros.
FIXED ASSETS
Goodwil l
In ac corda nc e w ith IFRS 3, go od will has not b een am ortized
sinc e 1 Janua ry 2004. Inste a d , go od will is sub jec t to animpa irment t est during the sec ond half of ea ch yea r.
The method s of de prec iation are desc ribe d in the pa rag rap h
entitled Imp airment tests .
Intang ible fixed a ssets
Othe r inta ngib le fixed assets basic ally co rrespo nd t o softwa re
program s that a re d eprec iated over a p eriod ranging from
one to five years.
1)
2)
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Tang ible fixed a ssets
In ac corda nce with IAS 16, Tangible fixed assets, land, buildings
and equipm ent, fixtures and fittings are e valuated at their cost
price at acquisition or at production cost, less depreciation
and loss in value.
The c ost of b orrow ing is not inc luded in the ac quisition price
of fixed assets.
Tang ible fixed assets in prog ress a re posted at c ost less any
ident ified loss in va lue.
Dep reciat ion of the se a ssets beg ins whe n the assets are rea dy
for use.
Tang ible fixed assets are de prec iated on a straight line basis
ac c ording to the following average useful lives:
Construction:
Buildings 40 yea rs
Grounds 10 yea rs
Ca r pa rks 6 2/3 yea rs
Equipme nt, fixtures and fittings6 2/3 yea rs to 8 years
Other fixed assets 4 to 10 yea rs
Depreciation methods, useful life values and residual values
are revised at the c lose o f ea c h fisca l year.
Acquisitions of fixed assets made through a financial lease
agreement, i.e., a contract whose impact is to transfer to a
substantial extent the risks and advantages inherent in the
ownership o f an a sset t o the lessee , are rec orded as follows:
the a ssets are c apita lized at the fa ir value of the lea sed asset
or, if it is lower, at the discounted value o f the minimum lea sing
insta lments. These assets are d ep recia ted over the sam e
durations as tangible fixed assets owned by the Group or
over the duration of the contract if this is shorter than the
useful life of the asset;
the c orrespo nding de bt is recorded in the ba lance sheet a s
a liability;
the lease instalments pa id are a llocated between the financ ial
expense and am ortization of the ba lanc e of the d ebt.
Impairment tests
In ac cordance w ith IAS 36, Imp airment o f assets , whe n events
or cha nge s in the ma rket e nvironment indic ate the risk of a loss
in value of ta ngible a nd intang ible assets, these a re the subjec t
of a d eta iled review in orde r to determine whethe r the net book
value is lower than the ir recove rable va lue, de fined as their fair
value (minus d ispo sal c ost) or the ir useful va lue, wh ichever is
higher. The useful value is de termined by d iscount ing future c ash
flows expected from the use of the asset.
If the recoverable amount is lower than the net book value,
the loss in value is recorded as the difference between these
two am ounts. Losses in the va lue of t ang ible and intangib le
assets with a de fined useful life ma y be reversed at a later da te
if the recoverable value b ec omes higher than the net bo ok
value (within the limits of the initially reco rde d de prec iation)
and of the a mortization that would have been reco rded if no
loss of va lue had be en o bserved.
These imp airmen t te sts are p erformed for all fixed assets on a n
annual b asis.
3)
-
-
-
4)
a) Impa irment of goo dwil l
IAS 36 (Impa irment o f assets) stipulates tha t an impa irment test
must be performed, either for each Cash-Generating Unit
(CGU) to w hic h goo dw ill has bee n alloc ated or for eac h group
of CG Us within a sec tor of a ct ivity or geo grap hical segm ent
for which the return on investme nt o f the ac quisitions isappraised.
The level of a na lysis at whic h Carrefour ap praises the p resent
value of go od will gene rally co rrespo nds to c ountries or to
op erations pe r co untry.
As stipulate d in IAS 36, go od will must b e a lloc ated to e ac h
CGU or to each group of CGUs that may benefit from the
synergies of the c omb ined c omp anies. Eac h unit or group o f
units to which goodwill is allocated must represent the lowest
level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for
internal mana gem ent p urposes, and must not b e larger than
a seg ment ba sed on either the entitys primary or sec onda ry
reporting forma t de termined in ac c ordanc e with IAS 14,
Segm ent Rep orting (a c tivity or ge og rap hic region).
The useful value is estimated by d isc ount ing future c ash flows
over a p eriod of four years with de termination of a final value
calculated by discounting the fourth-year figures at the
pe rpetua l rate of growth to infinity and the use of a disc ount
rate specific to each country.
The spe c i fic d isc ount rate for eac h c ountry ta kes into
consideration a countrys specific risk.
These d isc ounting rate s are va l ida ted by the Group s
Management Board and ranged between 7.7% and 10.85%
for the fiscal yea r 2006, de pe nding on t he c ount ry. They b reak
do wn as follows:
Europ e: b etw een 7.7% and 9.55%
Lat in America : be twe en 8.55% and 10.85%
Asia: be twe en 7.7% and 9.7%
b) Imp airment o f tan gib le fixed a ssets
In ac corda nc e w ith IAS 36, fixed assets that show ident ifiable
signs of a loss in value (or negative activity contribution) are
the subject of a deta iled review to dete rmine w hether their
net b ook value is lower than the ir recoverab le value, this be ing
their ma rket value or useful va lue, wh icheve r is higher.
The useful value is estimated by d isc ount ing future c ash flows
over a p eriod of te n yea rs plus a residual value, and the market
value is evaluated with regard to recent transactions or
professional p rac tice s.
The d isc ount rates used are the same as for impa irment te sting
of goodwill.
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FINANCIAL ASSETS
In a c corda nce w ith IAS 39, financ ial assets are c lassified on t he
ba sis of the five c ate go ries be low:
financial assets measured at fair value through the income
statement;
derivatives;
loans and rece ivables;
assets held to maturity;
assets ava ilable for sale.
The c lassific at ion dete rmines the a c c ounting treatm ent o f
these instruments. It is determined by the Group on the date
on w hich it is initially rec orded, on the b asis of the purp ose for
wh ich these assets were ac qu ired . Sales and ac qu isitions of
financ ial assets are rec orded o n the transac tion date, i.e., the
da te on w hich the Group b ought or sold the a sset.
Financia l assets repo rted a t fa ir va lue
in the inco me statem ent
These a re financ ial assets held by the Group in order to ma ke
a short-term profit on the sale, or financial assets voluntarily
classified in this category.
These assets are va lued at the ir fair value w ith variat ions in value
rec ognized in the inco me state ment.
Classified as current assets in the cash flow equivalents, these
financial instruments inc lude , in p articula r, UCITS cash shares.
Loa ns a nd rece ivab les
Loans and receivables are financial assets whose payment is
fixed or ca n be d etermined, whic h are not listed on an a c tive
market and which are neither held for transaction purposes
nor available for sale.
These a ssets are initially valued at fair value and then at their
amortized cost on the b asis of the effective rate of interest method .
For short term rec eivab les without a d ec lared rate o f interest, the
fair value will be the sam e as the amount on the o riginal invoice ,
unless the e ffect ive interest rate has a significant impa ct.
These assets are sub jec t to impa irment te sting w hen there is
evidenc e tha t they ha ve d iminished in value. An impa irment
loss is reco gnized if the b ook value is higher tha n the estimate d
recoverable value.
Debts pertaining to equity interests, other d eb ts and rec eivables
and comm ercial rec eivab les are included in this cate go ry. They
ap pe ar as financial assets and c omm ercial rec eivables.
Assets he ld to ma turity
Assets held un til maturity a re financ ial assets, othe r than loans
and rec eivables, with a fixed maturity da te, who se p aym ents
are determined or ca n be d etermined a nd w hich the Group
has the intention and capacity of holding until this maturity
da te. These a ssets are initially boo ked a t fair value a nd then at
their amortized cost on t he b asis of the effec tive rate o f interest
method.
These assets are sub jec t to impa irment te sting w hen there is
evidenc e tha t they ha ve d iminished in value. An impa irment
loss is reco gnized if the b ook value is higher tha n the estimate d
recoverable value.
Assets held to ma turity are rec og nized as financ ial assets.
1)
2)
3)
Assets ava ilab le for sa le
Assets held for sale a re financ ial assets that are no t p art o f the
aforeme ntioned c at eg ories. They are va lued a t fair value.
Unrea lized capita l ga ins or losses are reco rded as shareholders
eq uity until they a re sold. When, howeve r, the re is an ob jec tive
indic ation o f the impa irment of a n asset a vailab le for sale, theaccumulated loss is recognized in the income statement.
Imp airment losses reco rde d on va ria ble inco me sec urities
ca nnot be reversed at a later ba lanc e sheet da te.
For listed securities, the fair value corresponds to the market
price . For non -listed sec urities, it is de term ined by referenc e t o
rec ent transac tions or by valuation te chniques that a re b ased
on reliable and observable market data. When, however, it is
impossible to reasonably estimate the fair value of a security,
it is va lued a t its histo ric c ost. These assets are the n sub jec t to
impairment testing in order to evaluate the extent to which
they are rec overable.
This c at eg ory c onta ins primarily non-co nsolida ted eq uity
sec urities and marketab le sec urities that do not c omp ly with
other de finitions of financ ial assets. They a re show n as financ ialassets.
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
With rega rd to IAS 40, investme nt p rop erties are ta ngib le a sset
items (buildings or land ) owne d for leasing or ca pita l valuat ion.
As for the c riteria that app ly to this sta ndard, those a ssets not
used for operational purposes are generally shopping malls
within the Group. The Group c onsiders tha t shopp ing malls (i.e.,
a ll the b usinesses and services estab lished behind the sto res
cash registe rs) in full ow nership or c o-ow nership a re investment
properties.
Investme nt p rop erties are p osted at their historic va lue and
de prec iated over the sam e p eriod as tangible fixed assets of
the sam e nature.
An assessment of the fair value of investment properties is
performe d o n an annua l ba sis. This assessme nt is performe d by
ap plying a mult ip le tha t is a func tion of the c alculated
profitability of each shopping mall and a capitalization rate
ba sed on the c ountry to t he a nnualized gross rents gene rate d
by e ac h investment property.
The fa ir va lue is p resented in Note 18.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued at the m ost rec ent p urc hase p ric e p lus
any a dd itiona l costs, a m etho d t hat is well suited t o rap id
inventory turn-around a nd d oes not gene rate a significa nt
differenc e w ith the FIFO m etho d. The c ost p ric e includes allc osts that co nstitute the purcha se c ost o f the go od s sold (w ith
the exception of foreign currency losses and gains) and also
takes into co nsideration all the c ond itions ob ta ined a t the time
of p urcha se a nd from supp lier service s.
In ac c orda nc e w ith IAS 2 (Invento ries), inventories are va lued
at their prod uc tion c ost o r their net p resent value, whichever
is lower.
The ne t p resent value is the estima ted sales price less ad d itional
c osts necessary for the sale.
4)
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OPERATING RECEIVABLES
Ope rating receivables generally include trad e rec eivables,
franchisee receivables and rents receivable from shopping
malls. Where appropriate, they are subject to depreciation,
which takes into a cc ount the de btors ca pa city to honour its
deb t and the co llec tion period o f the rece ivab le.
OUTSTANDING CUSTOMER RECEIVABLES /REFINANCING TO FINANCIAL SERVICE COMPANIES
Custom er rec eivab les due to financ ial service c ompa nies refer
primarily to co nsumer credit granted to c ustome rs of c omp anies
within the Group s scop e of c onsolidat ion. These loa ns, tog ether
with the amounts outstand ing from refinanc ing that ba ck them,
are considered to be assets and liabilities held until their
maturity date and are classified on the basis of their maturity
da te as current or non-c urrent assets and liabilities.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Ca sh equivalents are short-te rm investments tha t are highly liquid,
can easily be converted into a known cash amount and aresubjec t only to a negligible risk of a chang e in value.
Cash refers to c ash in hand a nd d ema nd d eposits.
PROVISIONS
In ac corda nc e w ith IAS 37 (Provisions, Contingent liabilities and
Contingent assets), provisions are posted when, at year end,
the Group ha s a present, legal or implicit ob liga tion a rising from
a p ast event, the am ount of w hich ca n be relia bly estimated
and the settlement of w hic h is expec ted to result in an outflow
of resources rep resenta tive of ec ono mic ad vanta ge s. This
ob liga tion may be o f a lega l, regulato ry or c ontractual nature.
These provisions are e stima ted on the b asis of their type, in view
of the m ost likely assump tions. The a mo unts are disc oun ted
when the impa c t of the pa ssag e of t ime is significant .
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The Group s employee s enjoy short-term b enefits (pa id leave ,
sick leave, profit-sharing), long-term benefits (long-service
meda ls, seniority bonuses, etc .) and po st-emp loyment b enefits
with defined contributions and benefits (retirement bonuses
and bene fits, etc .).
a) Defined c ontribution sche me s
Defined c ontribution sc hemes are sc heme s whereby the
Company makes periodic fixed contributions to external
benefit agencies that provide administrative and financial
ma nag eme nt. These sc heme s free the em ployer from any
further obligation, with the ag enc y ta king respo nsibility forpayment to employees of the amounts owed to them (basic
Soc ial Sec urity p ension sc hem e, c om plem enta ry pe nsion
scheme, pension fund with fixed contributions).
These c ontributions are reco gnized as expenses when t hey
are due.
b) Defined b enefit sche me s and long -term b enefits
The Ca rrefour Group ma kes provision for the various de fined
benefit schem es dep endent on the ac cumulated yea rs of
servic e within the Group t hat a re not tota lly pre-financ ed .
This c om mitme nt is c alc ulated ann ually on the b asis of the
method of projected units of credit, on an actuarial basis,
ta king into c onsideration fa c tors suc h a s salary inc reases,
retireme nt a ge , morta lity, pe rsonnel rotat ion and disc ount
rates.
The d isc ount rate is eq ua l to the interest rate, at t he b alanc e
sheet date, of top-rated bonds with a due date close to the
due da te o f the Group s c omm itments. The c alc ulations are
made by a qua l i f ied actuary us ing the pro jected un i t
method.
The Group has decided to a pp ly the c orridor method ,
whe reby the effect of va riations in a c tuarial terms is not
recognized on the income statement, as long as the former
rema in within a range of 10%. Thus, ac tua rial d ifferenc es
exceed ing 10% betw een the value of the c ommitment a ndthe va lue of the hed ging assets whic hever is higher on the
incom e stateme nt are spread over the expec ted average
working life of employees benefiting from this scheme.
In accorda nc e w ith the opt ion offered by IFRS 1, the G roup has
elec ted to rec og nize its ac tua rial ga ins and losses on its pe nsion
co mmitments that ha ve not yet b een recog nized in the Frenc h
financ ial sta tem ents at 31 Dece mb er 2003, direc tly by offsett ing
shareho lders equity a t 1 Janua ry 2004.
c) Share-ba sed c om pe nsation
In accorda nc e w ith the opt ion offered by IFRS 1, the G roup has
elected to limit the ap plic ation o f IFRS 2 to stoc k op tion plans
pa id in sha res, alloc ated af ter 7 Novemb er 2002, the rights to
whic h had not yet be en a c quired a t 1 Janua ry 2004. This
ap plica tion had no effect on tota l shareholders equity at 1
January 2004.
The p lans granted be tween 2003 and 2006 fall within the scop e
of IFRS 2 (Sha re-ba sed c om pensat ion). These a re subsc ription
or purcha se o ptions reserved for emp loyees with no spe c ial
acquisition conditions, aside from effective presence at the
end of the vesting period.
The b enefits granted that are remunerate d b y these sc heme s
are p osted as expe nses, offsett ing a c apita l inc rease over the
vesting p eriod . The expense rec og nized for eac h p eriod
correspo nds to the fa ir value o f the a ssets and services rec eived
on the ba sis of the Black-Scholes formula on the da te on whic h
these we re grante d a nd sprea d o ver the vesting pe riod .
The free share a lloc at ion plans granted by the Group a lso g iverise to the recognition of an expense spread over the vesting
pe riod . The p lans granted in 2004 and 2005 are d ep end ent o n
the achievement of non-market objectives; since, however, it
is thought to be un likely tha t these ob ject ives will be a chieved ,
no expense has been recognized for these plans.
The p lans grante d in 2006 are c ond itiona l, in pa rt, on the
effective presenc e of the be neficiary at the e nd o f the vesting
pe riod a nd in pa rt on the ac hieveme nt of qualitative objectives.
The 2006 pla ns ga ve rise to the rec og nition of a n exp ense
du ring the fiscal yea r.
8
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In view o f the size a nd non-recurrence of p lans grante d in 2006
(number of beneficiaries, vesting period, introduction of free
shares), the expenses related to share-based compensation
wa s kept in non-c urrent e xpenses at 31 Decem be r 2006.
Detai ls of share al location plans are provided in the
manag ement report.
INCOME TAX
Deferred taxes are ca lculated at the tax rate in effect a t the
be ginning of t he following fisc al yea r, on the ba sis of the c arry-
forwa rd metho d. Deferred taxes are reviewed annua lly whe n
the accounts are closed.
Tax exp ense for the fisc al yea r inc ludes tax pa yab le and
de ferred tax.
Deferred tax is calculated according to the balance sheet
method of tax effec t ac co unting on the b asis of temp orary
differences between the book value entered in the c onsolida ted
financ ial sta tem ents and the t ax bases of a ssets and lia bilities.
Deferred t axes are ac co unted for based o n the way in whic hthe Group expe c ts to rea lize or sett le the bo ok value of a ssets
and liab ilities, using tax rates that have be en ena c ted by the
ba lanc e sheet date .
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted and are
c lassified in the b ala nc e sheet a s non-c urrent assets and
lia bilities.
Deferred tax a ssets are rec ognised for ded uct ible t emp orary
differenc es, unused ta x losses and unused ta x cred its to t he
extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available
against which the deductible temporary differences can be
utilised.
FINANCIAL DEBT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial debt includes:
bonds;
outstand ing ac c rued interest;
outstand ing am ounts relating to financ ial lease a greeme nts;
bank loans and facilities;
subo rdinated loans of unspe c ified durat ion (PSDI);
sec uritized de bt fo r which the group incurs c redit risk;
minority share buyb ac k com mitments.
a) Accounting principle
Financ ial deb ts are reco rded on the ba sis of the princ iple of
amortized cost. Initially, they were recorded at market value,net o f transac tion co sts and premiums direc tly attributa ble to
their issue.
Derivative instruments intended to cover exposure to interest
rate risk are ente red a t ma rket va lue and used as fair value o r
c ash flow hedg es.
Cash flow hedg e: Derivatives intend ed to hed ge the floating
rate of b orrowing a re considered to b e financ ial cash flow
hed ge s. The ga in or loss relating to va ria tions in fa ir value
deemed to be effective is stated as equity until the hedged
transaction is itself recognized in the Groups financial
sta tem ents. The p ortion c onside red to be ineffect ive is direc tly
recorded as financial income/expense.
Fair value hed ge : Issue sw