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PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.

CDM Executive Board

page 1

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD)Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006

CONTENTS

A. General description of project activity

B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period

D. Environmental impacts

E. Stakeholders comments

Annexes

Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity

Annex 2: Information regarding public funding

Annex 3: Baseline information

Annex 4: Monitoring plan


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SECTION A. General description of project activity

A.1 Title of the project activity:

Title: Blend increasing in the cement production of Caribbean Cement Company Ltd.

Version number of the document: 01

Date of the document: 19/December/2007

A.2. Description of the project activity:

Project Activity

Caribbean Cement Company Ltd (hereinafter referred as CCCL) (Figure 1) is the sole manufacturer of

cement in Jamaica, operating a dual process cement manufacturing plant, utilizing both the wet and dry

process technologies to produce the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).

Concerned about the sustainable development of the country, CCCL has embarked in an Expansion and

Modernization Programme, to expand the production capacity to meet market demand increase (domestic

market is conservatively forecast to grow by approximately 4% per annum), and in the same time, reduce

environmental impact, improving gaseous emissions control, implementing more energy efficient

technologies to reduce electricity and fossil fuel consumption, bringing the plant in line with the best

industry technologies and standards.

The purpose of the project activity involves the use of pozzolan, an alternative raw material, as

substitute of clinker. Pozzolan is derived from material present in volcanic ash and is indigenous to the

region where the plant is located, because of the presence of active volcanoes in some of the neighbouring

islands. Pozzolan was found in a footprint of the existing gypsum quarry, so will not result in new area

degradation.

The company now supplies a local market in the region of 1 million tonnes of cement. In February

2005, the company initiated a

conversion of the local market from a

predominantly OPC - Type 1, to a

blended cement - Type 1P market. The

average clinker content in cement has

reduced by approximately 15%. Thisresults in a reduction in the specific

energy and power consumptions to

produce cement. It also results in a

proportional reduction in the emission

of carbon dioxide, which is produced in

the production of clinker.

Greenhouse gases emissions are

reduced as a result of the decrease on

emissions during the calcinations of

limestone and due to the reduction of Fi ure 1 Caribbean Cement Com an Ltd. Plant


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fossil fuels consumption in the kiln.

The manufacture of blended cements with high contents of pozzolan and relatively high strengths maycause difficult problems, which may increase when the grindability of the components is very different

and the moisture content of the pozzolan is high.1.

Initially, several search and development were done to assure the blended cement quality, inclusive

working together to the Bureau Jamaica Standard, to develop the technical standard for the pozzolan

blended cement as this is the first time blended cement is produced in Jamaica. Although new to Jamaica,

the Pozzolan process is currently used by many cement manufacturers worldwide, particularly those in

Europe. Due to poor awareness levels on use and preparation of Carib Plus for building and other benefits,

the product acceptability levels of Carib Plus with higher additive % were very low in the beginning.

In 2010 is planned the substitution of Kiln #3 that operates in wet process by a new Kiln #5 that will

operates in dry process, which is more efficient. Cement Mill #4 will be upgraded and Cement Mill #3

will be replaced by Mill #5. Although theses substitutions will result in energy saving in the clinker andcement process, CO2 emission reductions resulting from these savings will not be claimed in this project

activity, as stated by methodology ACM0005.

Cement Production Process

Cement is made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials, such as clay, to 1,450C

in a kiln. The resulting hard substance, called clinker, is then ground into a powder, in cement mills, with

a small amount of gypsum to make the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the first produced type of

cement. Other materials can be used in substitution of clinker in the grinding phase of the fabrication,

producing the so-called blended cement. Pozzolan is one of these alternative materials, resulting in the

production of the Blended Type 1 Cement, known as Carib Cement Plus.

Pozzolan will be used in the project activity as clinker substitute. It is used in the grinding phase of

cement production chain, i.e. pozzolan replaces clinker in the cement mills avoiding, then, clinkerproduction in the kilns.

It is important to highlight that the cement industry plays a significant role in Climate Change2. First

because the cement manufacture is an energy intensive process, demanding large amounts of fuel and

electricity in the whole process chain. In addition, the chemical process of producing clinker (calcination

of limestone) produces non-renewable CO2. These two factors results in that the cement industry is

responsible for a significant portion of global man-made CO2 emissions. It is estimated that 50% of the

cement industry GHG emissions derive from the chemical process, and 40% from burning fuel. The

remainder is split between electricity and transport uses.

Company History

CCCL was incorporated in 1947, and the first bag of cement was delivered in 1952. The company has

transitioned from private ownership in the 1950s, to the state acquiring controlling interest in the 1970s,to Scancem and later to Cemex operating the plant under management contracts in the 1990s, and finally,

to the divestment of the Governments interest to Trinidad Cement Limited in 1999.

CCCL is the sole manufacturer of cement in Jamaica and was the sole supplier until as recently as 1999.

The size of the cement market has grown substantially over the last 10 years: demand has increased by

1 Baragano Coronas, J. R.; Rey y Vazquez de la Torre, P.; Difficulties in the manufacture of cements with grinding

additives; Spain, 1986 in Portland Cement Association: www.cement.org

2World Business Council for Sustainability Development. Cement Sustainability Initiative Progress Report. June

2005.


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52% or 5.1% per annum. The domestic market is conservatively forecast to grow by approximately 4%

per annum from 862,289 tonnes in 2004 to 1,291,167 tonnes in 2010.CCCL presently holds the dominant share of the domestic market and is developing and implementing

strategies to meet this increasing demand and to provide even better service to the construction industry.

The modernization and expansion of the existing plant is necessary in order to meet the growing demand

for cement in Jamaica as well as the need to reduce fuel consumption, improve production efficiencies

and environmental performance.

Concurrent with the developments in Jamaica and the wider business world, the company has gone

through several changes. In addition to the changes in ownership and leadership, the company has had

three major plant expansions to meet increasing consumption.

The company has embarked on an Expansion and Modernization Programme, which involves the

retiring of obsolete technology and expensive operating units. Caribbean Cement Company Ltd. willinstall and commission new plants to increase capacity, continue to meet market demand, reduce

operating costs and improve environmental performance.

The project activity contributes to sustainable development in the following manners:

- The project activity helps mitigating Climate Change because of the significant reductions ofdirect and indirect greenhouse gases emissions.

- Project activity contributes to the reduction of energy consumption in the cement manufacturechain and consequently to the conservation of energy resources. The increase in the use of

pozzolan in place of clinker reduces energy demand in cement manufacture and mining of

limestone. Both import of grid energy and fossil fuel consumption are reduced. This is an

improvement in the usage of a commodity that is supplied by the power utility in the case of grid

energy, and supplied internally in the case of fossil fuel;- The reduction of fossil fuel consumption also results in the reduction of local air pollution;

- Energy consumption is reduced also during cement milling process because of the fact thatpozzolan is easier to grind than clinker;

- The reduced use of clinker helps in the conservation of non-renewable reserves of limestone.

- The substitution on part of limestone mining to pozzolan mining, reduces noise and vibrationpollution as the limestone mining requires the blasting of dynamite, and pozzolan mining does

not.

- The limestone quarry is located riverside, causing water pollution from the mining activities. Onthe other hand the pozzolan quarry is located far from waterfront, decreasing water pollution

There is only one registered CDM project in Jamaica. The acceptation of the CCCL project will attract

new players in the country. In entire Caribbean, composed by 13 independent countries and 11 territories

there are only 2 (two) CDM registered projects. Both of Wind Farm, one in Dominican Republic and one

in Jamaica. The CCCL project if registered as CDM, could stimulate other countries in the Caribbean

region and the Central America to manufacture blended cements, or improve the share of additives,

leading to benefits explained above.

Additionally, the incomes from the CDM will indirectly support and stimulate Caribbean Cement

Company Ltd. in keeping and improving its social and environmental programs already developed with

the local community and employees at several locations. Information is available at the company website:

http://www.caribcement.com/community/


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A.3. Project participants:

>>

Table 1 - Parties involved in the project activity

Name of Party involved (*)

((host) indicates host

Party)

Private and/or public entity(ies)

project participants (*)

(as applicable)

Kindly indicate if the Party

involved wishes to be considered

as project participant (Yes/No)

Jamaica (host)

Caribbean Cement Company

Limited

(private entity)

BrazilEcoinvest Carbon SA

(private entity)

NO

(*) In accordance with the CDM modalities and procedures, at the time of making the CDM-PDD public at the stage

of validation, a Party involved may or may not have provided its approval. At the time of requesting registration, the

approval by the Party(ies) involved is required.

Note: When the PDD is filled in support of a proposed new methodology (forms CDM-NBM and CDM-NMM), at

least the host Party(ies) and any known project participant (e.g. those proposing a new methodology) shall be

identified.

A.4. Technical description of the project activity:

A.4.1. Location of the project activity:

>>

A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies):

>>Jamaica

A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.:

>>Saint Andrew

A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc:

>>Kingston, Kingston Harbour

A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the

unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page):

The project activity encompasses the cement manufacturing plant located in Kingston, Jamaica.

Kingston is the capital of Jamaica, with 652,000 inhabitants, and is located on the southeastern coast of

the island country.


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Project boundary encompasses the cement manufacturing plant and new additive (pozzolan) source

located 12km away from cement plant, , as well as the pozzolan transportation route.The CCCCL facility is located on the south coast of Jamaica, in Kingston Harbour. It lies within the

Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA), with the Liguanea Plains, Kingston, Long Mountain to the west.

The Blue Mountains, to the north, Harbour View and St Thomas to the east and Kinsgton Harbour, the

Palisades and the Norman Manley International Airport to the south.

Figure 2: Map showing the location of the city of Kingston in Jamaica, and CCCL plant.

(References: 1. Wikipedia, 2. CCCL internal document, 3. Google Maps 2007)

Address and Geographical Coordinates:CCCL Plant: PO Box 448, Rockfort, Kingston 2.

17o 5748 N, 76o 4352 W.

Pozzolan Quarry: Bito/Jacksonville District, Saint Andrew Parishi

17o

5656.8 N, 76o

3929.8 W.

In Jamaican JAD69 coordinates: 286200E, 144400N

A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity:

>>

The project activity pertains to Sectoral Scope 4 (Manufacturing industries).

2

3

1


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A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity:

>>

Pozzolan Blended Cement

Since the beginning of the Christian era, the Italians have successfully employed pozzolan cement,

made by grinding 2 to 4 parts of a pozzolan with 1 part of hydrate lime. A pozzolan is a material which is

not cementitious in itself but which becomes so upon admixture with lime. The early strength of a

pozzolan cement is lower than that of Ordinary Portland cement, but within a year the strengths are equal.

The advantage of this cement is that it resists the corrosive action of saline solutions and seawater much

better than does Ordinary Portland cement. (ref3).

Greater Resistance to Alkali Attack and greater resistance to Chloride Penetration: This property makes

Carib Cement Plus ideal for the tropical market and suitable for structures erected near the sea. Concrete

made with Carib Cement Plus offers greater protection to reinforced steel from Chloride attack.

Clinker Production Process

CCCL operates a dual process cement manufacturing plant, utilizing both the wet and dry process

technologies. The dry process, using preheaters and precalciners, is both economically and

environmentally preferable to the wet process because the energy consumption (3,200 kJ/kg) is

approximately half of that for the wet process.

One of the line, Kiln No.3, is a wet process plant. This kiln line consists of: two wet raw mills, Raw

Mills 2 and 3; slurry basins; slurry pumps; the rotary kiln; an ID fan; and a fabric filter to clean the kiln

exhaust gases (Figure 3).

The other line, Kiln No.4, is a dry process line and consists of: a preheater tower; the rotary kiln;preheater ID fan; dry process vertical roller mill; electrostatic precipitator (EP) to clean the exhaust gases;

and an EP fan (Figure 4).

A new line, Kiln No.5 will be constructed in the plant footprint decommissioning the Kiln No.3. This

shift is planned to finish in 2010. The new line system consists in a vertical roller mill, preheater vessels,

calciner, kiln, and clinker cooler will all use the most recent technology, thus significantly lowering

operating costs and providing the best environmental performance.

Wet process

The critical manufacturing step, called pyroprocessing, takes place in the cement kiln. The prepared

raw feed is pumped into the kiln where it is exposed to gas temperatures starting at 260C at the elevated

feed end to over 1,870C near the product discharge end. After tumbling slowly through the kiln,exothermic chemical changes in the burning zone transform the raw materials to cement clinker, a product

physically resembling grey gravel.

The production of clinker in a wet kiln requires that the solid material be heated to approximately

1,400C to 1,482C, while the gaseous material reaches a temperature of greater than 1,870C. Tricalcium

silicate is the major strength-producing constituent of cement, and its formation begins in the burning

zone at material temperatures above 1,400C. Other clinker compounds important for the performance of

Portland cement are formed by reactions that take place in the burning zone.

3 Austin, G.T.; Shreves Chemical Process Industries, 5 th edition, McGraw-Hill (1984)


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Exhaust gases from the kiln are routed to the air pollution control system and then discharged to the

atmosphere through a stack.

Figure 3 - Representation of the wet process (Ref: WBCSD, 20064

)

Dry Process

Initially, the crushed raw materials (raw meal feed i.e., limestone, clay, ash, sand, and/or iron ore) enter

the raw mill to be dried and ground. A fan draws hot combustion gas from the top of the preheater tower

into the raw mill to evaporate moisture from the raw meal, as it is ground. The prepared raw meal feed is

transported to a blending silo where it is held pending introduction into the pyroprocess.

The dry process, by re-use of the hot gases for drying raw materials and with the use of the vertical

tower for calcining the raw material is very energy efficient. The rapid heating of the raw materials is the

key to the efficiency of the preheater tower. The entrainment of the raw material in the air stream and

collection of the solids through the cyclones transfers heat to the raw materials rapidly and efficiently.

The addition of fuel in the precalciner also prepares the raw material for final chemical transformation inthe rotary kiln.

4WBCSD, 2006. Formation and Release of POPs in the Cement Industry Second edition, World Business

Council for Sustainable Development http://www.wbcsdcement.org/.


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Figure 4 - Representation of the dry process (Ref: WBCSD, 20064)

Raw materials for both production lines are supplied by limestone and shale quarries operated by

CCCL. Together, the limestone and two types of shale supply the necessary chemical components for kiln

feed that will produce high quality clinker and cement chemistry while providing good performance in

the kilns. These three raw materials are stored in a longitudinal storage and reclaiming facility known as a

Reclaimer. Raw materials enter the storage hall on one of two conveyor belts, one for limestone, the other

for the two shales. Each has a movable, overhead tripper that stacks the raw materials into one of four

bays. A single, portal reclaimer withdraws the raw materials and deposits them on the reclaim belt. From

the reclaim belt, the raw materials may be directed onto a series of belt conveyors that transports them to

raw mill feed bins, and from there into either wet raw mills 2 and 3 or dry raw mill 4. Raw mill product

from the wet raw mills is stored in slurry basins where it is blended and stored for use in kiln system 3.

Raw mill product from Raw Mill No.4 is pneumatically conveyed to a 1200-ton capacity blending silo,

and then to a 3500-ton capacity kiln feed storage silo for subsequent use in the Kiln No.4 system.

In order to achieve the objectives of energy conservation, the clinker produced in rotary kiln is cooled

in a counter current air cooler. Typically, it is also stored for few days before it is ground in cement

grinding mills along with appropriate quantity of gypsum and other additive materials for production of

finely pulverized cement with desired fineness.

Cement Milling

The Ball / Tube millss are used for clinker grinding in cement plants. Cement mills 3 and 4 are used in

open circuit and closed circuit modes respectively.


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Mill 3 will be decommissioned and substituted by new Mill 5, with a more energy efficient technology.

This shift is planned to finish in 2010.

Energy

The company currently uses Bunker C, Coal and Petroleum Coke to fuel the Clinker Manufacturing

Process. Electrical power is provided by the Jamaica Public Service Company Limited, which is the

national grid supplier.

Table 2 Kiln and Mil description

Line 3 (wet) Line 4 (dry) Line 5 (dry)

Kiln Supplier Allis Chalmers Allis Chalmers F.L. Smidth

Maximum Production Capacity

(tones/day)705 1250 2800

Diameter (meters) 4 4.26 4.55

Length (meters) 120 60 54

Mill Supplier F.L. Smidth Allis Chalmers Loesche

Power (HP) 2,000 4,500 4,224

Maximum Production Capacity

(tones/h)40 for OPC 100 for OPC 110 for Carib Plus

A.4.4 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:

>>

The chosen crediting period for this project is the non-renewable crediting period of 10 years. The

estimated amount of emission reductions of the project can be seen at Table 3.

Table 3 Estimated emission reductions for the crediting period

YearsAnnual estimation of

emission reductions intonnes of CO2

2008 (from July 1st

) 153.490

2009 187.175

2010 217.262

2011 228.712

2012 237.569

2013 242.433

2014 239.114

2015 235.728

2016 232.275


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2017 228.753

2018 (until June 30th ) 112.580

Total Estimated Reductions(tonnes of CO2e)

2.315.089

Total number of crediting years 10

Annual average over thecrediting period of estimatedreductions (tonnes of CO2e)

231,509

A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity:>>

There were no public funding the project activity.

SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the

project activity:

>>

Main Methodology: ACM 0005 Consolidated Baseline Methodology fro Increasing the Blend in Cement

Production, version 04, EB35

Methodological Tool: Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system , version 01,

EB35

Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality, version 04

B.2 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project

activity:

>>

Methodology for the Blended Cement

ACM0005 is applicable to projects that increase the share of additives (i.e. reduce the share of clinker) in

the production of cement types beyond current practices in the country. Additives are defined as materials

blended with clinker to produce blended cement types and include fly ash, gypsum, slag, etc.

In the case of Caribbean Cements project, the increase in the share of additives and respective reduction

in the share of clinker in the production of cement occurs due to the use of pozzolan beyond current

practices in the country.

The methodology is applicable to this project activity because it meets the applicability conditions:


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- There is no shortage of additives related to the lack of blending materials. Project participantsshould demonstrate that there is no alternative allocation or use for the additional amount of

additives used in the project activity.

Pozzolan use in CCCL has natural source and is derived from material present in volcanic ash

that is indigenous to the region where the plant is located, because of the presence of active

volcanoes in some of the neighboring islands. Pozzolan was found in the gypsum quarry owned

by Jamaica Gypsum and Quarries Limited (JGQ), a CCCL subsidiary company, which supplies

the company with the gypsum used in the manufacture of its cement Therefore, the shortage of

pozzolan is unlikely and the alternative allocation for it would be maintain the pozzolan at place,

without quarrying.

- ACM0005 is applicable to domestically sold output of the project activity plant and excludesexport of blended cement.

The production of the blended cement in the project activity is sold domestically; therefore no

export of blended cement is included. In the event that some part of the production is exported in

the future, then, this amount shall be discounted from emissions reductions calculations.

Until now, only the Ordinary Portland Cement, Type 1 is exported.

- Adequate data are available on cement types in the market.

According to ACM0005, blended cement type (BC) is defined as distinct products with

different uses, additives and additive to clinker ratios. In this project activity blended cement type

is Portland Pozzolan cement.

Until half of 2006, CCCL was the sole cement seller in Jamaica, producing only Ordinary

Portland Cement (OPC). In this way, the Bureau of Standards Jamaica (BSJ) has standard only

for OPC. When CCCL planned to start producing blended cement, CCCL uses the United States

standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C-595 for blended Portland

cements as reference. CCCL pozzolan cement was approved by BSJ.

For Ordinary Portland Cement and rapid-hardening, BSJ has the standard JS32 Part 1: 1999

A Jamaican Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements is being developed, has

already been approved by the Standards Council 5, 6, resulting in a draft standard 7.

The draft standard made available by BSJ to CCCL, classifies the blended cement in 4 (four)

types as follows:Table 4 Blended Cement Type in Jamaica

Description Additive Range (%)Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement 25 70

Portland Pozzolan Cement 15 - 40

Slag Modified Portland Cement Less than 25

Pozzolan Modified Portland Cement. Less than 15

5 Bureau of Standards Jamaica. Standards Development Work Pogramme. April 2006 September 2006

6 Ministry of Industry, Technology, Energy and Commerce. Performance of the Bureau of Standards, Jamaica

(BSJ) for Financial Year 2005/2006 and Focus for Financial Year 2006/2007.June 20, 2006.

7 Jamaican Standard Specifications for Blended Hydraulic Cements (Final Draft). Bureau of Standards Jamaica.


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Reference: Jamaican Standard Specifications for Blended Hydraulic Cements. Bureau ofStandards Jamaica (Final Draft)

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions and terminology shall apply

PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER

A clinker consisting predominantly of crystalline hydraulic calcium silicates

PORTLAND CEMENT

A hydraulic cement made by pulverizing Portland cement clinker, and which usually contains

calcium sulphate.

SLAG MODIFIED PORTLAND CEMENT

An intimate and uniform blend of Portland cement and finely ground granulated blast furnace

slag in which the slag constituent is kept within certain limits.

PORTLAND BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT

A hydraulic cement consisting of an intimately interground mixture of Portland cement or

portland cement clinker and granulated blast furnace slag with the proportion of the slag

constituent restricted within certain specified limits.

POZZOLAN

A siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which in itself possesses little or no cementitious

property but which, in a finely divided form, will react chemically with calcium hydroxide in the

presence of moisture at ordinary temperatures to produce compounds possessing cementitiousproperties.

POZZOLAN MODIFIED PORTLAND CEMENT

An intimate and uniform blend of Portland cement or Portland blast furnace slag cement and a

finely ground pozzolan in which the pozzolan constituent is kept within certain limits.

PORTLAND POZZOLAN CEMENT

A hydraulic cement consisting of an intimate and uniform blend of Portland cement or Portland

blast furnace slag cement and a fine pozzolan in which the proportion of the pozzolan constituent

is kept within specified limits

B.3. Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary

The project boundary includes the cement production plant, any onsite power generation, and the power

generation in the grid. Three emission sources are considered:

- Direct emissions at the cement plant due to fuel combustion for firing the kiln and on-sitegeneration of electricity.

- Direct emissions due to calcination of limestone.


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- Indirect emissions from fossil fuel combustion in power plants in the grid due to electricity use at

the cement plant for: crushing and grinding the raw materials used for clinker production; drivingthe kiln and kiln fans; finish grinding of cement; and processing of additives.

Figure 5 Project Activity Boundary

Any transport related emissions for the delivery of additional additives will be included in the emissions

related to the project activity as leakage.

Emissions reductions from transport of raw materials for clinker production are not taken into account as

a conservative simplification.

Only CO2 is considered in the calculations because changes in CH4 and N2O emissions from combustion

processes and calcination are considered to be negligible and excluded because the differences in the

baseline and project activity are not substantial. This assumption is conservative and in accordance with

ACM0005.

Source Gas Included? Justification/Explanation

el Calcination of CO2 Yes Main source of emissions.

RAW MATERIAL

SUPPLY

Quarrying,Transport

RAW MATERIAL

SUPPLY

Quarrying,Transport

FUELS

PREPARATION

Crushing,Grinding, Drying

FUELS

PREPARATION

Crushing,Grinding, Drying

PYRO-

PROCESSING

Calcinations,Clinkering, Cooling

PYRO-

PROCESSING

Calcinations,Clinkering, Cooling

CEMENT

GRINDING

Clinker

Electricity from Grid

Bagging &Transport

TRANSPORT

PREPARATION

(Drying, Crushing)

FUEL

FIRING

ADDITIVES

QUARRYING

PREPARATION

Crushing, drying,grinding,

homogenizing

PREPARATION

Crushing, drying,grinding,

homogenizing

Project Boundary


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CH4 No Excluded. This is conservative.limestone

N2O No Excluded. This is conservative.

CO2 Yes

Main source of emissions. Fuel firing in the clinker

production kiln and fuel consumption in the additive

transport.

CH4 NoExcluded. Emissions are considered negligible. This is

conservative.

Fossil Fuel

combustion

N2O NoExcluded. Emissions are considered negligible. This is

conservative.

CO2 YesMay be an important emission source in cement

production process as well as additives transport.

CH4 No Excluded. This is conservative.

Grid Electricity

Consumption


CO2 Yes Main source of emissions.

CH4 No Excluded. This is conservative.Calcination of

limestoneN2O No Excluded. This is conservative.

CO2 Yes

Main source of emissions. Fuel firing in the clinker

production kiln and fuel consumption in the additive

transport.

CH4 NoExcluded. Emissions are considered negligible. This is

conservative.

Fossil Fuel

combustion

N2O NoExcluded. Emissions are considered negligible. This is

conservative.

CO2 YesMay be an important emission source in cement

production process as well as additives transport.

CH4 No Excluded. This is conservative.

Proje

ctActivity

Grid Electricity

Consumption


B.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the identified

baseline scenario:

Identification of the baseline scenario

The baseline scenario is the most plausible scenario among all realistic and credible alternative

production scenarios for the relevant cement type that are consistent with current rules and regulations.

Project proponents identify the baseline scenario in Section B.5 through the use of Step 3 Barrier

Analysis of the latest approved version of the Tool for the determination and assessment of

additionality.

Alternative project activities that would take place are as follow:


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- Alternative 1: the proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as CDM project

activity. Production of pozzolan blended cement Carib Plus;- Alternative 2: continuation of the current situation. In this scenario CCCL continues to produce

only Ordinary Portland cement, and does not use pozzolan or any other additives ;

- Alternative 3: use of other additives different from natural pozzolan. In this scenario CCCL usesother additives, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash from thermal power plants, in the production of

blended cement above the benchmark level.

Section B.5 describes the barriers that alternatives 1 and 3 faces preventing the implementation, resulting

that Alternative 2 is the most plausible baseline scenario Please, refer to Section B.5 for detailed barrier

analysis.

Definition of BBlend,y from benchmark analysis

The baseline benchmark of share of clinker per tonne of BC, BBlend,y, is defined as the lowest value among

the following:

(i) The average (weighted by production) mass percentage of clinker for the 5 highest blendcements brands for the relevant cement type in the region; If region comprises of less than 5

blend cement brands, the national market should be used as the default region; or

(ii) The production weighted average mass percentage of clinker in the top 20% (in terms ofshare of additives) of the total production of the blended cement type in the region. If 20%

falls on part of a plant, that plant is included in the calculations; or(iii) The mass percentage of clinker in the relevant cement type produced in the proposed project

activity plant before the implementation of the CDM project activity, if applicable (for

Greenfield project activity this option may be excluded).

CCCL is the sole cement manufacture as well as the sole seller in Jamaica until half of 2006. Therefore,

option iii) is used to calculate benchmark share of clinker. The lowest percentage of clinker used over the

3 most recent years before project implementation is selected and an increasing trend of 2% in the blend

is incorporated, as indicated in ACM0005 up to the limit of the regulatory/product norm in the national

market. Jamaican

According to the Draft Standard for blended cement defined by the Bureau of Standards Jamaica, the

limit for Portland Pozzolan Cement (Carib Plus) is 40% of pozzolan.

Project activity started in the beginning of 2005, after decision of the Group Budget Meeting in

December 2004. Therefore years 2002, 2003 and 2004 are used to define the baseline share of clinker.

According to ACM0005, at the renewal of the crediting period, the benchmark shall be recalculated. The

basis (between the 3 options) of the benchmark may change from the option selected during the first

crediting period.

Detailed information and calculation can be found in Section B.6.1.


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B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below

those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity (assessmentand demonstration of additionality): >>

The additionality of the project activity is demonstrated and assessed using the Tool for the

demonstration and assessment of additionality Version 4.

Step 3 of the Tool is used to identify the most plausible scenario among all realistic and credible

alternatives(s) to the project activity, i.e. the baseline scenario.

Step 1. Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and

regulations

Sub-step 1a. Define alternatives to the project activity:

Realistic and credible alternatives are production scenarios for the relevant cement type that are consistent

with current rules and regulations available to the project participants or similar project developers. They

include the proposed project activity, the existing practice of cement production and practices in other

manufacturing plants in the region using similar input/raw materials and facing similar economic, market

and technical circumstances:

- Alternative 1: the proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as a CDM projectactivity. In this scenario CCCL uses natural pozzolan in the production of blended cement above

the benchmark level, as in the project activity;- Alternative 2: continuation of the current situation. In this scenario CCCL does not change its

production pattern, thus continuing to produce only the Ordinary Portland cement;

- Alternative 3: use of other additives different from natural pozzolan. In this scenario CCCL usesother additives, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash from thermal power plants, in the production of

blended cement above the benchmark level.

Sub-step 1b. Consistency with mandatory laws and regulations:

As there is no modification in equipments or implementation of new facilities in neither case, all the

alternatives are in compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Step 2. Investment analysis

Investment analysis is not undertaken.

Step 3. Barrier analysis


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As showed below, the proposed project activity faces barriers that prevent the implementation of this type

of proposed project activity; and do not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives.

Sub-step 3a. Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed CDM project

activity:

The following barriers would prevent the implementation of the proposed project activity:

- Barrier 1 (research effort): to shift from an ordinary Portland cement to a blended cement,substantial research effort in the process and quality to enable the blend should be developed.

- Barrier 2 (market acceptance): the perception that high additive blended cement is of inferior

quality could happened in the early stages of the project, requiring market clarifying work, aswell as technical seminar to train masons to use correctly the blended cement.

- Barrier 3 (first of its kind). when blended cement is produced and offered to the public at firsttime, public acceptance to a new type of cement is more difficult than persuade to use a higher

blending in a public used to that type.

- Barrier 4 (technological transfer). The use of new additives of different fineness and mineralogycould lead to necessity of change in the process and also of the equipments. Intimate and uniform

blends of two or more fine materials are difficult to achieve. The manufacturer should therefore

ensure that adequate equipment and controls are provided and that the blending process is

adequate. The purchaser may also assure himself of the adequacy of the blending operation8.

- Barrier 5 (operational). In a plant that uses to produce only one type of product, an increase in the

product type could lead to change in the control of the process, to ensure not mixing theadditives, during pre-treatment, transport, production, storage and package.

- Barrier 6 (lack of additive). Different type of additive should be available to be used in theblended cement production.

Sub-step 3 b. Show that the identified barriers would not prevent the implementation of at least one of

the alternatives (except the proposed project activity):

Table 5 shows how barriers affect each one of the alternative scenarios identified in Step 1.

Table 5 - Effect of Barriers in Each Alternative Scenario

Alternative 1

Proposed project

activity without CDM

Alternative 2

Continuation of the

current situation

Alternative 3

Use of other additives

Barrier 1

Research effortPrevents implementation

Does not prevent

implementationPrevents implementation

8 Jamaican Standard Specifications for Blended Hydraulic Cements (Final Draft). Bureau of Standards Jamaica.


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At first, CCCL tried to use the pozzolan in the clinker production. However this resulted in a high

corrosion of the kiln. In addition, when the shale was replaced with pozzolan, the calibration of thechemical analyzer was not adjusted to the new material, natural pozzolan, hence results were misleading.

Other physical analyses (such as granulometry, petrography) which would help in determining its

suitability were no conclusive10

.

After the above results, tests were shifted to add the natural pozzolan to the produced clinker in the

cement mill. Numerous trials & experiments with varying percentage of natural pozzolan addition and

clinker to examine the impact on each other as well as their combined final impact on the strength

properties ofCarib Plus manufactured. CCCL also carried out numerous trials with varying fineness of

Carib Plus with numerous permutations and combinations of different pozzolan percentage additions and

different clinker qualities.

The quality is influenced by the grinding system selected. Much attention is put on the physical

characteristics of the fly ash: bulk weight, specific weight, particle distribution, particle shape, degree of

agglomeration and colour11.

The cement produced in these initial trial runs was subjected to the laboratory physical tests required in

ASTM C 595for blended hydraulic cements, such as the compression strength tests (1-day, 7-days, 28-

days). As the preparation of motor cubes required a constant flow approach, a new flow table was

purchased.

Research and Development on Pozzolan Portland cement (Carib Plus) use

Also, in the testing phase the product was provided to block manufacturers for trial use in making their

blocks. This phase lasted about four (4) months and required close liaison with the targetted.

The trials also included several controlled concrete trials to prove that the Carib Plus was compatible

with the local aggregates.

Samples of the new cement were also sent to Concrete Technologies Laboratory, U.S.A. for various

analyses, including Alkali Suplhur Ratio (ASR).

The cement is approved by the Jamaica Bureau of standards and meets the ASTM C 595 designation. A

Jamaican blended cement standard is being developed.

Barrier 2 (market acceptance) and Barrier 3 (first of its kind)

As mentioned earlier, CCCL is the sole cement manufacture in Jamaica and until 2005 was also the sole

seller of cement in entire Jamaica. In this way, Jamaica consumers have been exposed only to OPC over

the years. The market acceptability ofCarib Plus with a higher additive percent is one of the major

barriers due to prevailing practice. The customer resistance was found to be very high due to their lowawareness levels. CCCL had to overcome this barrier and to inform and clarify the market about the

quality of the high additive blended cement.

Carib Cement introduced the new blended pozzolanic cement to the Jamaican marketplace in 2005.

10 Report ofIndependent Investigation into the production and distribution of non-conforming cement by CCCL.

Ministry of Commerce, Science and Technology. June 2, 2006.

11 Stoltenberg-Hanson, E. (Norcem Cement); Fly ash cement:Production methods, materials properties and

energy savings; Norway, 1986 in Portland Cement Association: www.cement.org


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As per regulatory norms cement cannot be manufactured, stored or sold in Jamaica without it being

tested and certified by BSJ, Carib Plus too had to be manufactured under strict quality control and meetinternational standards. Although of this quality assurance of product alone could not overcome the

market acceptability barrier.

Challenges Faced

There were several challenges that were faced in the introduction of this product to the market. These

were identified and actions put in place to minimize the effects, as described in the table below:

Challenge Mitigating Action

Product not well known. Market was not

familiar with blended cements. Further, there is

a wrong impression in the market that higher

addition on blended material degrades the

properties of the cement.

Extensive education programme which

consisted of seminars and product advertising

Lower early strengths, which was not

acceptable for market segments such as the

blockmaking sector.

Technical assistance provided to blockmakers

to maximize efficiency of operations and to

show them how Carib Plus could work for

them

Lower price could be construed as representing

a lower quality product.

Extensive awareness programmes and constant

dialogue to show that the product was not

inferior. Also, product was manufactured to

mimic the characteristics of Carib OPC as

close as possible so that minimum differenceswould be detected by the market.

Lighter colour of cement which represents a

weaker cement in the eyes of the Jamaican

public.

Awareness programme implemented through

seminars to communicate that the colour of

cement has no impact on strength.

Introducing a product that was in fact not

similar to a product that the market had been

requesting that of a rapid hardening cement.

Technical consultation with those players who

wanted a rapid hardening product to show that

Carib Plus could achieve desired early

strengths with better practice (better curing, use

of additives, better mix design, etc.)

The masons and builders require special training and guidance in order to use Carib Plus as building

materials. The training and guidance include measures to be adopted to ensure equal durability andworkability of OPC and Carib Plus.

The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the production of blended cement was highlighted as a

benefit to potential users.

Launch of Carib Cement Plus

The strategy of the launch ofCarib Plus, the pozzolan Portland cement, in an effort to maximize the

acceptance in the marketplace was to promote it as a product that had characteristics similar to that of

Carib Cement OPC, but with additional properties. These characteristics are:

1. Greater suitability for use in marine environments;

2. Lower heat of hydration thus better suited for large pours;


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3. Higher sulphate resistance;

4. Higher later strengths;5. A more environmentally friendly product;

6. More economically priced than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the company was passingon some of the savings realized in the production process to the consumers.

CCCL took up extensive marketing, promotional activities and has dedicated its good manpower in

order to promote Carib Plus with higher additive percent in the consumer market launching a multi

fold activity. The launch was implemented in 2 phases as follows:

Stage 1 of Launch

The Carib Plus produced during the tests in 2004 was introduced to the market in the form of bulk

cement that was offered to ready mix operators. The acceptance by this segment of the market was a

slow one due to the segment comprising the more sophisticated Jamaican cement users who wereconcerned about the quality of a product with which they were not familiar. However, the cement was

found by them to be satisfactory in their applications and in conjunction with educational seminars

that were held by CCCL this market segment was able to adjust its processes to utilize this more

economical product.

Stage 2 of Launch

The second stage of the introduction of the product to the market was the launch of Carib Plus

(pozzolan Portland cement) in 42.5 Kg bags and 1.5 tonne jumbo bags. This was a more challenging

phase as Carib Plus was replacing a product that had been tried, tested and proven in the Jamaican

market for over 50 years. However, a key introductory strategy was to ensure that Carib Plus did not

totally replace the OPC, so that consumers still had a choice in the product they bought.

The introductory price of the product in bags was also slightly below that of OPC and the rationale

for this was that CCCL was passing on some of the savings in the production that were realized from

a more efficient manufacturing process.

These market acceptability, customer resistance and first of its kind barriers due to current prevailing

practice in Jamaica, would have led to not implement the project activity, with CCCL continuing to

produce only the Ordinary Portland Cement.

Barrier 4 (Technological)

The production of the blended cement resulted in very high material wear of (a) the separator parts suchas the auxiliary blades and hopper distribution table, and (b) the elevators

Effort had to be expended in doing regular patching on the elevators using salvaged auxiliary blades

(made of a hardwearing alloy) to prolong useful life, as well as on doing frequent changeovers of

auxiliary blades and hopper distribution table.

Alternative high abrasion materials had to be sourced and this was obtained from WEAR CONCEPTS

(Wearcon), imported from USA, Missouri. Previously, CCCL had to changeover the auxiliary blades and

hopper distribution table used in the making of the pozzolan cement about every 6 to 8 weeks. After the

change to the Wearcon materials, higher wear resistance of the mill and separator was obtained,

decreasing dramatically the need for frequent changeovers. With the Wearcon materials, changes in

hopper distribution table were required every 12 months on average and changes in the auxiliary blades

were required about every 4 to 5 months a significant improvement from the previous situation.


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Table 6 - Downtime before and after installation of high abrasion materialInstallation completed in February 2007. (Data extracted from Pareto Charts available on-site)

Month/Year Downtime duration, hrs Frequency

December/2006 21.95 4

January/2007 17.8 5

February/2007 7.3 3

March/2007 - -

April/2007 - -

Barrier 5 (Operational)

As new raw material and final product were included: (i) adaptations in the process needed to be

implemented and (ii) more stringent quality assurance and quality control procedures needed to bedeveloped and implemented.

To be able to successfully commence routine production of blended cement, the company had to

conduct initial trial production runs and internal checks on the batches of pozzolan cement produced. For

these initial trial runs, one of the cement silos had to serve as a dedicated Carib Plus cement silo, and

hence could not be used for storage of the OPC. The unavailability of this silo required careful planning

for storage of the OPC and vigilance in ensuring the right silo(s) was selected for packing or loading.

Process changes were required in the cement mill no. 4 so as to properly balance the mill circuit. For

example, the correct settings for airflow and for the separator had to be determined for the production of

the Carib Plus.

Limestone and pozzolan bin are side by side. Natural pozzolan stockpile must be controlled carefully to

not mix with the limestone stockpile. In the beginning of the Carib Plus production, pozzolancontamination occurs in the limestone, causing equipment failure and cement quality problems. Also

greater vigilance is needed to ensure correct material is transported.

For the production and dispatching of the Carib Plus, the existing silos have to be shared between

storage ofCarib Plus and OPC. Thus, there is some loss in flexibility in which silos can be assigned for

OPC storage and dispatch.

Barrier 6 (Lack of Additive)

There is no thermal plant in Jamaica operating with coal to supply fly ash to CCCL, all of them operates

with liquid or gas fuel12

. Blast furnace slag is also unavailable in a quantity to supply CCCL needs.

Initially the pozzolan was imported via ships and this presented many logistical challenges including

maintenance of adequate inventory. Subsequently, reserves of pozzolanic material were discovered at theCCCL Bull Bay quarry, and after extensive effort in proving the pozzolan reserves, these reserves were

deemed to be of adequate quality, and so the importation ceased.

Outcome of Step 3:

All barriers listed above are processes that CCCL would not need to overcome if there is no purpose in

launching a new product, the Carib Plus cement, using a new additive, the pozzolan.

12 Jamaica Public Service Company. Website: http://www.jpsco.com, accessed in 27 June 2007


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The barrier analysis shows that:

(i) Alternative 3 and 1 are strongly prevented by identified barriers and for this reason are veryunlikely scenarios. These alternatives are eliminated from further consideration.

(ii) Alternatives 2 is not prevented by the barriers, remaining as the most plausible baselinescenario.

Step 4. Common practice analysis

Sub-step 4a. Analyze other activities similar to the proposed project activity:

CCCL is the sole cement manufacture in Jamaica, and is the largest supplier of the market. All other

cement sellers in Jamaica import from other countries. Other cement companies in the Caribbean Regionbesides TCL group companies, are multinational large companies as CEMEX, Holcim, Lafarge, and

could not be compared as similar activities because they do not have comparable investment climate,

access to technology, access to financing, etc.

Therefore, the CCCL project activity is not a common practice in the region.

Sub-step 4b. Discuss any similar options that are occurring:

Not applicable, because there is no similar project activities in Jamaica neither in Caribbean region.

B.6. Emission reductions:

B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:

>>

Step 1 Emission Reductions

Emissions reductions in year y of the project activity are calculated from equation 4, described below.

yyyyBCyBCy LBCPEBEER += 11000,, tCO2 (4)

ERy Emissions reductions in year y due to project activity 1000 tonnes/CO2

BEBC,y Baseline emissions of CO2 per tonne of BC in year y of the projectactivity. Calculated from equation (1).

tCO2/t(BC)

PEBC,y Project emissions of CO2 per tonne of BC in year y of the projectactivity. Calculated from equation (5).

tCO2/t(BC)


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BCy Production of blended cement in year y of the project activity.

Monitored by project proponents.

1000tonnes (BC)

Ly Leakage due to transport of additives. Calculated from equation(2.1).

tCO2

y Proportion of additives that are not surplus. Calculated fromequation (3).

Non-dimensional

Step 2 Baseline emissions

Baseline emissions per tonne of blended cement produced are calculated from equation 1, described

below:

BCADDeleyBlendclinyBC BEBBEBE __,ker, += tCO2/t(BC) (1)

BEBC,y Baseline emissions per tonne of blended cement type. tCO2/t(BC)

BEclinker Baseline emissions per tonne of clinker in the project activity

plant. Calculated from equation (1.1).

tCO2/t(clinker)

BBlend,y Baseline benchmark of share of clinker per tonne of BC updated

for year y. Defined from Benchmark Analysis.

t(clinker)/t(BC)

BEele_ADD_BC

Baseline electricity emissions for BC grinding and preparation of

additives. Calculated from equation (1.2).

tCO2/t(BC)

Equations (1.1), (1.1.1), (1.1.2), (1.1.3) and (1.1.4)

CLNKsgeleCLNKgridelefuelfossilcalcinclin BEBEBEBEBE _____ker +++= tCO2/t(clinker) (1.1)

BEcalcin Baseline emissions per tonne of clinker due to calcinations of calcium

carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Calculated from equation (1.1.1)

below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

( ) ( )

BSL

calcinCLNK

InMgOOutMgOInCaOOutCaOBE

+= 1000

092.1785.0tCO2/t(clinker) (1.1.1)

BEfossil_fuel Baseline emissions per tonne of clinker due to combustion of fossil fuels

for clinker production. Calculated from equation (1.1.2) below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

( )

BSL

iBSLi

fuelfossilCLNK

EFFFFBE

=

1000

_

_ tCO2/t(clinker) (1.1.2)

BEele_grid_CLNK Baseline grid electricity emissions for clinker production per tonne of

clinker. Calculated from equation (1.1.3) below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)


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BSL

BSLgridCLNKgrid

CLNKgrideleCLNK

EFBELE

BE

= 1000

__

__ tCO2/t(clinker) (1.1.3)

BEele_sg_CLNK Baseline emissions from self generated electricity for clinker production

per tonne of clinker. Calculated from equation (1.1.4) below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

BSL

BSLsgCLNKsg

CLNKsgeleCLNK

EFBELEBE

=

1000

__

__ tCO2/t(clinker) (1.1.4)

Equations (1.2), (1.2.1), (1.2.2), (1.2.3) and (1.2.4)

ADDsgeleADDgrideleBCsgeleBCgrideleBCADDele BEBEBEBEBE __________ +++= tCO2/t(BC) (1.2)

BEele_grid_BC Baseline grid electricity emissions for grinding BC. Calculated from

equation (1.2.1) below:

tCO2/t(BC)

BSL

BSLgridBCgrid

BCgrideleBC

EFBELEBE

=

1000

__

__ tCO2/t(BC) (1.2.1)

BEele_sg_BC Baseline self generated electricity emissions for grinding BC. Calculated

from equation (1.2.2) below:

tCO2/t(BC)

BSL

BSLsgBCsg

BCsgeleBC

EFBELEBE

=

1000

__

__ tCO2/t(BC) (1.2.2)

BEele_grid_ADD Baseline grid electricity emissions for preparation of additives. Calculated


tCO2/t(BC)

BSL

BSLgridADDgrid

ADDgrideleBC

EFBELEBE

=

1000

__

__ tCO2/t(BC) (1.2.3)

BEele_sg_ADD Baseline self generated electricity emissions for preparation of additives.

Calculated from equation (1.2.4) below:

tCO2/t(BC)

BSL

BSLsgADDsg

ADDsgeleBC

EFBELEBE

=

1000

__

__ tCO2/t(BC) (1.2.4)

Definition of BEclinker:


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BEclinker is primarily defined from equation (1.1). However, considering that ACM0005 is restricted to

increase in percentage of blend only and not to efficiency improvements or fuel switching, themethodology states that in each year of the crediting period BEclinker needs to verified and redefined as

described below:

If project emissions per tonne of clinker are less than baseline emissions in year y of the crediting

period: PEclinker,y < BEclinker, BEclinkershall be substituted by the PEclinker,y in year y.

If project emissions per tonne of clinker are equal to baseline emissions in year y of the crediting

period: PEclinker,y = BEclinker, BEclinkershall be maintained as calculated by equation (1.1).

If project emissions per tonne of clinker are greater than baseline emissions in year y of the crediting

period: PEclinker,y > BEclinker, BEclinker shall be maintained as calculated by equation (1.1). In this case,

there is a possibility that project activity emissions exceed the baseline emissions and the project does

not get new credits for emissions reduction till the net balance for the project is positive.

PEclinker,y is calculated from equation (5.1).

Step 3 Project Activity Emissions

Project activity emissions per tonne of blended cement produced are calculated from equation 5,

described below:

yBCADDeleyblendyclinyBC PEPPEPE ,__,ker,, += tCO2/t(BC) (5)

PEBC,y Project emissions per tonne of blended cement type, in year y of

the crediting period.

tCO2/t(BC)

PEclinker,y Project emissions per tonne of clinker, in year y of the crediting

period. Calculated from equation (5.1) in the following pages.

tCO2/t(clinker)

PBlend,y Project share of clinker per tonne of BC in year y. Monitored by

project proponents, during the crediting period, in the project site.

t(clinker)/t(BC)

y

y

yblendBC

CLNKP =, tCO2/t(clinker)

PEele_ADD_BC,y Project electricity emissions for BC grinding and preparation of

additives, in year y of the crediting period. Calculated from

equation (5.2) in the following pages.

tCO2/t(BC)


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Equations (5.1), (5.1.1), (5.1.2), (5.1.3) and (5.1.4)

yCLNKsgeleyCLNKgrideleyfuelfossilycalcinyclin PEPEPEPEPE ,__,__,_,ker, +++= tCO2/t(clinker) (5.1)

PEcalcin,y Project emissions per tonne of clinker due to calcination of calcium

carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Calculated from equation (5.1.1)

below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

y

yyyy

ycalcinCLNK

InMgOOutMgOInCaOOutCaOPE

+=

1000

092.1785.0, tCO2/t(clinker)

(5.1.1)

PEfossil_fuel,y Project emissions per tonne of clinker due to combustion of fossil fuelsfor clinker production. Calculated from equation (5.1.2) below: tCO2/t(clinker)

( )

y

iyi

yfuelfossilCLNK

EFFFFPE

=

1000

_

,_ tCO2/t(clinker) (5.1.2)

PEele_grid_CLNK,y Project emissions from grid electricity for clinker production per tonne

of clinker. Calculated from equation (5.1.3) below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

y

ygridyCLNKgrid

yCLNKgridele

CLNK

EFPELEPE

=

1000

_,_

,__ tCO2/t(clinker) (5.1.3)

PEele_sg_CLNK,y Project emissions from self generated electricity for clinker production

per tonne of clinker. Calculated from equation (5.1.4) below:

tCO2/t(clinker

)

y

ysgyCLNKsg

yCLNKsgeleCLNK

EFPELEPE

=

1000

_,_

,__ tCO2/t(clinker) (5.1.4)

Equations (5.2), (5.2.1), (5.2.2), (5.2.3) and (5.2.4)

yADDsgeleyADDgrideleyBCsgeleyBCgrideleyBCADDele PEPEPEPEPE ,__,__,__,__,__ +++= tCO2/t(BC)

(5.2)

PEele_grid_BC,y Project grid electricity emissions for BC grinding. Calculated from


tCO2/t(BC)

y

ygridyBCgrid

yBCgrideleBC

EFPELEPE

_,_

,__

= tCO2/t(BC) (5.2.1)


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PEele_sg_BC,y Project self generated electricity emissions for BC grinding. Calculated


tCO2/t(BC)

y

ysgyBCsg

yBCsgeleBC

EFPELEPE

_,_

,__

= tCO2/t(BC) (5.2.2)

PEele_grid_ADD,y Project grid electricity emissions for additive preparation. Calculated from


tCO2/t(BC)

y

ygridyADDgrid

yADDgrideleBC

EFPELEPE

_,_

,__

= tCO2/t(BC) (5.2.3)

PEele_sg_ADD,y Project self generated electricity emissions for additive preparation.

Calculated from equation (5.2.4) below:

tCO2/t(BC)

y

ysgyADDsg

yADDsgeleBC

EFPELEPE

_,_

,__

= tCO2/t(BC) (5.2.4)

According to ACM0005, version 3, if additional additives used in the project activity needs drying, fuel

combustion used in the drying process shall be accounted as an emission source. Therefore, emissions

resulting for drying additional additives are accounted as project emissions.

Step 4 Leakage

Leakage 1: Emissions due to fuel use for the transport of raw materials and fuels from offsite locations to

the project plant are likely to decrease due to the implementation of the project. Following ACM0005, in

order to keep emissions reductions conservative, this change is not included.

Leakage 2: Emissions due to fuel use for the transport of additives from offsite locations to the project

plant are likely to increase. These emissions are accounted as leakage, as per equations (2.1) and (2)

below:

Equations (2.1) and (2)

yyblendyblendtransaddy BCPALL = ,,_ tCO2 (2.1)

y

gridADDconveyor

add

sourceaddcons

transaddADD

EFELE

Q

TEFDTFL

+

=

__

_1000

tCO2/t(additive) (2)

Ly Leakage emissions for transport of additives. tCO2

Ablend,y Baseline benchmark share of additives per tonne of BC updated for t(slag)/t)BC)


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year y.

Pblend,y Share of additives per tonne of BC updated for year y.*

t(additive)/t(BC

)

Ladd_trans Transport related emissions per tonne of additives. Calculated from

equation (2).

tCO2/t(additive)

TFcons Fuel consumption for the vehicle per kilometre. Monitored by project

proponents, in year y of the crediting period, in the project site.

kg(fuel)/km

Dadd_source Distance between the source of additive and the project activity plant.

Monitored by project proponents, in year y of the crediting period, in

the project site.

km

ELEconveyor_ADD Annual electricity consumption for conveyor system for additives.Monitored by project proponents, in year y of the crediting period, in

the project site.

MWh

Qadd Quantity of additive carried in one trip per vehicle. Monitored by

project proponents, in year y of the crediting period, in the project

site.

t(slag)

TEF Emission factor for transport fuel. Calculated from equation (7). tCO2/t(fuel)

EFgrid Grid electricity emission factor. Calculated according to methodology

ACM0002.

tCO2/MWh

- Note: The revised methodology ACM0005-Version 2 redefines Pblend,y from share of clinker per tonneof BC to share of additives per tonne of BC. This is maintained in ACM0005-Version3. Notwithstanding,

this new definition can be used only for leakage calculation, see ACM0005-Page 7-Equation 2.1. For

project emissions calculations, the old definition needs to be maintained, see ACM0005-Version 3-

Equation 5.

Leakage 3: The methodology defines that another possible leakage is due to the diversion of additives

from existing uses. As the slag used is surplus, it is expected that this source of leakage will not affect

calculations. Notwithstanding, y is calculated from equation (3) below:

yyearinusedadditivesadditionaltotal

surplusnotyyearinadditivesoftonnesxy = (3)

Only domestically sold output is considered and any export of cement produced by the project activity is

excluded in the calculation of emission reductions. Actually, part of the Carib Plus cement is exported.

Step 5 Fuel and electricity emission factors

For the calculation of emissions from grid electricity (EFgrid) the approved methodology tool Tool to

calculate the emission factor for an electricity system ver.01 is applied.


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There is no self-generated electricity.

Electricity Emission Factor for grid electricity

According to the tool, the grid CO2 emission is is calculated as a combined margin ( CM), consisting of

the combination of operating margin (OM) and build margin (BM) factors.

To determine the grid emission factor, according to the tool, should apply the following six steps:

STEP 1. Identify the relevant electric power system.

STEP 2. Select an operating margin (OM) method.

STEP 3. Calculate the operating margin emission factor according to the selected method.

STEP 4. Identify the cohort of power units to be included in the build margin (BM).STEP 5. Calculate the build margin emission factor.

STEP 6. Calculate the combined margin (CM) emissions factor.

Step 1. Identify the relevant electric power system

The tools states that:

For the purpose of determining the electricity emission factors, a project electricity system is

defined by the spatial extent of the power plants that are physically connected through

transmission and distribution lines to the project activity (e.g. the renewable power plant location

or the consumers where electricity is being saved) and that can be dispatched without significant

transmission constraints

Similarly, a connected electricity system, e.g. national or international, is defined as an

electricity system that is connected by transmission lines to the project electricity system. Power

plants within the connected electricity system can be dispatched without significant transmission

constraints but transmission to the project electricity system has significant transmission

constraint.

If the DNA of the host country has published a delineation of the project electricity system and

connected electricity systems, these delineations should be used. If such delineations are not

available, project participants should define the project electricity system and any connected

electricity system and justify and document their assumptions in the CDM-PDD.

The Jamaican DNA has not defined nor publicized a delineation of the system. The spatial extent for the

CCCL project activity is defined as the national grid.

CCCL purchases electricity from the Jamaica Public Service Company (JPSCo) that is involved with

the generation, purchase and distribution of electricity in whole Jamaica.

As the electric system is the national grid, and there are no subsystem, there are no electricity imports

nor exports between subsystems. Moreover, as Jamaica is an island country, there will be no

imports/exports between countries to be considered.


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Grid Emission factor (EFgrid) is calculated as a combined margin (EFgrid,CM,y), consisting of the

combination of operating margin (EFgrid,OM,y) and build margin (EFgrid,BM,y) factors according to thefollowing three steps.

Power plant capacity additions registered as CDM project activities should be excluded from all

calculations.

Step 2. Select an operating margin (OM) method

The calculation of the operating margin emission factor (EFgrid,OM,y

) is based on one of the following

methods:

(a) Simple OM, or

(b) Simple adjusted OM, or(c) Dispatch data analysis OM, or

(d) Average OM.

Any of the four methods can be used, however, the simple OM method (option a) can only be used if low-

cost/must-run13

resources

constitute less than 50% of total grid generation in: 1) average of the five most

recent years, or 2) based on long-term averages for hydroelectricity production.

For the proposed project activity, option (a), simple OM, has been chosen. Historically Jamaica electricity

is generated from fossil fuel, mainly natural gas and diesel oil. In 2005 more than 95% of Jamaican

generation was based on fossil fuels, demonstrating that this option could be used, see also the data

provided in Annex 3.

Ex-ante data vintage option is chosen. A 3-year generation-weighted average, based on the most recentdata available at the time of submission of the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation.

Step 3. Calculate the operating margin emission factor according to the selected method

(a) Simple OMThe simple OM emission factor is calculated as the generation-weighted average CO

2emissions per unit

net electricity generation (tCO2/MWh) of all generating power plants serving the system, not including

low-cost / must-run power plants / units. It may be calculated:

Based on data on fuel consumption and net electricity generation of each power plant / unit

(Option

A), or

Based on data on net electricity generation, the average efficiency of each power unit and the fuel

type(s) used in each power unit (Option B), or

Based on data on the total net electricity generation of all power plants serving the system and the

fuel types and total fuel consumption of the project electricity system (option C)

Option A should be preferred and must be used if fuel consumption data is available for each power

plant / unit. In other cases, option B or option C can be used. For the purpose of calculating the

13 Low-cost/must-run resources are defined as power plants with low marginal generation costs or power plants that

are dispatched independently of the daily or seasonal load of the grid. They typically include hydro, geothermal,

wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation. If coal is obviously used as must-run, it should also be

included in this list, i.e. excluded from the set of plants.


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simple OM, Option C should only be used if the necessary data for option A and option B is not

available and can only be used if only nuclear and renewable power generation are considered as low-cost / must-run power sources and if the quantity of electricity supplied to the grid by these sources is

known.

For the CCCL project, Option B2 will be used, as there is no data on fuel consumption for each

power plant.

Where:

EFgrid,OMsimple,y Simple operating margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)EG

m,yNet quantity of electricity generated and delivered to the grid by power unit m in

year y (MWh)

EFEL,m,y

CO2emission factor of power unit m in year y (tCO

2/MWh)

m All power units serving the grid in year y except low-cost / must-run power units

y Either the three most recent years for which data is available at the time of

submission of the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation (ex ante option) or the

applicable year during monitoring (ex post option), following the guidance on data

vintage in step 2

Option B2. If for a power unit m only data on electricity generation and the fuel types used isavailable, the emission factor should be determined based on the CO

2emission factor of the fuel

type used and the efficiency of the power unit, as follows:

Where:

EFEL,m,y

CO2emission factor of power unit m in year y (tCO

2/MWh)

EFCO2,m,i,y

Average CO2emission factor of fuel type i used in power unit m in year y (tCO

2/GJ)

m,y Average net energy conversion efficiency of power unit m in year y (%)y Either the three most recent years for which data is available at the time of submission of

the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation (ex ante option) or the applicable year during

monitoring (ex post option), following the guidance on data vintage in step 2

The data and details of the calculations are provided in Annex 3.

Step 4. Identify the cohort of power units to be included in the build margin

The sample group of power units m used to calculate the build margin consists of either:


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Step 6. Calculate the combined margin emissions factorThis has been calculated as the weighted average of the emissions factor of the OM and the BM. The

formula that has been used to calculate this weighted average emission factor is as follows:

BMyBMgridOMyOMgridyCMgrid wEFwEFEF += ,,,,,, Equation 6

Where:

EFgrid,BM,y

Build margin CO2emission factor in year y (tCO

2/MWh)

EFgrid,OM,y

Operating margin CO2emission factor in year y (tCO

2/MWh)

wOM

Weighting of operating margin emissions factor (%)

wBM

Weighting of build margin emissions factor (%)

The emissions factors of the OM and BM in Jamaica have been weighed equally, each 50% as per the

tools as the project activity is not a wind or solar source power.


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B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation:

Parameters related to the self-generated electricity is not included because there is no self-generation. All

electricity need is supplied by the grid.

BEcalcin (emissions from calcinations of limestone)

Data / Parameter: InCaOBSL

Data unit: %

Description: CaO content of the raw material in baseline year

Source of data used: Plant records

Value applied: Year 2004: 42.32Justification of the

choice of data or

description of

measurement methods

and procedures actually

applied :

Calculated from measured data as part of normal operations.

One year before project start

Any comment: None

ata / Parameter: OutCaOBSL

Data unit: %

Description: CaO content of the in baseline year


Value applied: 65.10

Justification of the

choice of data or

description of

measurement methods


applied :


One year before project start.

Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: InMgOBSL

Data unit: %

Description: MgO content of the raw in baseline year


Value applied: 0.71


choice of data or

description of




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measurement methods

and procedures actuallyapplied :

Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: OutMgOBSL

Data unit: %

Description: MgO content of the clinker in baseline year

Source of data used: 1.09

Value applied: Plant records


choice of data ordescription of

measurement methods


applied :



Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: Quantity of clinker raw material in the baseline

Data unit: Kilo tonnes

Description: Quantity of raw material used in the production of clinker.


Value applied: 999.402


choice of data or

description of

measurement methods


applied :


One year before project start (2004).

Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: CLNKBSLData unit: Kilo tonnes

Description: Annual production of clinker in the baseline scenario


Value applied: Year 2002: 532

Year 2003: 601

Year 2004: 606


choice of data or

description of

Measured as part of normal operations.

Monitored 3 years before project start


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measurement methods


Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: BCBSL

Data unit: Kilo tonnes

Description: Annual production of blended cement in the baseline years


Value applied: 2002: 614

2003: 601

2004: 808Justification of the

choice of data or

description of

measurement methods


applied :

Monitored by project proponents, for three years previously to project

implementation.

Any comment: The production presented here is for the ordinary Portland cement, as there were

no blended cement productions before the project activity.

- Note: The above parameter BCBSL is not included in the monitoring plan in ACM0005 ver03,

however it is necessary to include as is used to calculate baseline emissions. Refer to equations 1.2.1 o

1.2.4, page 6 of the methodology.

- Note: The revised methodology ACM0005-Version 2 requires that Bblend,y (ID#29) is replaced by

Ablend,y (ID#29) in table for Data to monitor emissions from the project activity. This is maintained in

ACM0005-Version 3. However, Bblend,y cannot be eliminated from monitoring because this parameter is

necessary for baseline emissions calculations, see ACM0005-Version 3-Page 5-Equation 1.

BEfossil_fuel (emissions due to combustion of fossil fuels for clinker production)

Data / Parameter: FF1_BSL

Data unit: .tonnes

Description: Consumption of fossil fuel, Bunker C, for clinker production in the baseline.


Value applied: 17,334


choice of data or

description of

measurement methods


applied :


The overall consumption in the year before project activity is taken.


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Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: FF2_BSL

Data unit: .tonnes

Description: Consumption of fossil fuel, Coal, for clinker production in the baseline.


Value applied: 90,860


choice of data or

description of

measurement methods



The overall consumption in the year before project activity is taken.

Any comment: None

Data / Parameter: EFF1

Data unit: tCO2/tonne of fuel

Description: Emission Factor of the fossil fuel, Bunker C, used for clinker production

Source of data used: IPCC 2006

Value applied: 3.14

Justification of thechoice of d

caribbean cement_pdd 2007 12 21

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