Carbon Fiber

Introduction History Future of carbon fiber Structure Types of carbon fiber Manufacturing of carbon

fiber Properties Applications

A Material Consisting Of Thin, Strong Crystalline Filaments Of Carbon, Used As A Strengthening Material, Especially In Resins And Ceramics.

IntroductionWhat Is Carbon Fiber?

Currently, the United States of America uses nearly 60% of the world production of carbon fibers and the Japanese account for almost 50% of the world capacity for production. The largest producer of this fiber is Toray Industries of Japan.

Introduction

Carbon Fibers Were Developed In The 1950s By Heating Strands Of Rayon Until They Carbonized. 

In The Early 1960s, A Process Was Developed Using Polyacrylonitrile As A Raw Material. 

During The 1970s, Experimental Work To Find Alternative Raw Materials Led To The Introduction Of Carbon Fibers Made From A Petroleum Pitch Derived From Oil Processing.

History Of Fiber

In 2009, Zyvex Technologies introduced carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer.

Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer is several times stronger and tougher than Carbon fibre and was used in the manufacturing of air craft as a structural material.

Future Of Carbon Fiber

The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to that of graphite, consisting of sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern (graphene sheets), the difference being in the way these sheets interlock.

Structure

Structural Model Of Carbon Fibre

Structural modal of carbon fiber

Cross sectional view

Longitudinal view:

Pan type carbon fiber A type of the fiber produced by carbonization of PAN precursor (PAN:Polyacrylonitrile)

Pitch Type Carbon Fiber: Another type of the fiber,produced by carbonization of oil/coal pitch precursor,

Types

 PAN-based carbon fibers Pitch-based carbon fibers Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers Rayon-based carbon fibers Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers

BASED ON PRECURSOR FIBER MATERIALS,

Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:

Manufacturing of carbon fiber

Each carbon filament is produced from a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or petroleum pitch, known as a precursor

the precursor is first spun into filament yarns, using chemical and mechanical processes to initially align the polymer atoms in a way to enhance the final physical properties of the completed carbon fiber.

MANUFACTURING

Pan carbon manufacturing

IN GENERAL CARBON FIBER ARE PRODUCED IN FIVE PROCESSING STAGES:

SPINNING STABILIZATION CARBONIZATION

TREATING THE SURFACE

SIZING

Manufacturing of carbon fiberThe raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the precursor. About 90% of the carbon fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The remaining 10% are made from rayon or petroleum pitch .

Manufacturing challenges The need for more cost effective recovery and repair. Close control required to ensure consistent quality. Health and safety. Skin irritation. Breathing irritation.

Properties of carbon fibersProperties of carbon fibers

High tensile strength. Low thermal expansion. Electrically and thermally conductors. Light weight and low density. Tensity : 1.8-2.4(kn/mm2) Density : 1.95 gm/cc Elongation at break: 0.5% Elasticity: Not good

Moisture Regain (MR%): 0% Ability to protest friction: Good Color: Black Lusture : Like silky Ability to protest heat : Good Effect of sunlight : no change in color Effect of bleaching : Sodiun hypochlorite

slightly effect carbon fiber. Protection against flame : Excellent Protection ability against insectsn : Do not

harm carbon fiber

Applications

Civil Engineering Sports equipments Aerospace and Aircraft industry Acoustics Portable power Building and construction materials Fiber reinforced plastics