carbon compounds versitile carbon carbon has a valence of 4 which makes it capable of entering into...
TRANSCRIPT
Carbon Compounds
VERSITILE CARBONCarbon has a valence of 4
which makes it capable of entering into 4 covalent bonds.
VERSITILE CARBON Carbon has a valence of 4 which makes it
capable of entering into 4 covalent bonds.
Carbon binds with many different atoms to form complex molecules.
Compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Shape is ImportantThe shape of a molecule is important to
it’s function in a living cellShape is determined by overlapping
electron orbitals.
Isomers
Two chemical compounds with the same molecular formula but differ
in structural formula are called isomers.
Which pair of compounds are Isomers?
Isomers are Biologically significantThere are three types isomers Structural isomers
Same molecular formula different structural shape.
Geometric Isomers Different arrangement of groups of atoms about
the double bond between the carbons. Enantiomers
Mirror images of each other Right and left handed forms.
Thalidomide
» Structural
» Geometric
» Enantiomers
Estradiol versus Testosterone
Functional GroupsThe components of organic molecules
that most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
Functional groups give molecules unique characteristics.
Types of Functional GroupsHydroxyl group (OH)
Alcohols Soluble in water
Carbonyl Group (C=O) Aldehyde
Occur on the end of the molecule Ketone
Occur in the middle of the molecule
Types of Functional GroupsCarboxyl Group (COOH)
Carboxylic acids Acts like an acid (donates protons) Found in all amino acids
Amino Group (NH2) Amines Acts like a base (accepts protons) Found in all amino acids
Types of Functional Groups Sulfhydryl Group (SH)
Thiols Form cross bridges that stabilize proteins.
Phosphate Group (PO4) Has a negative charge Transfers energy between organic molecules ATP
